Mobile Services – Towards Semantics Web Service Technologies Lecture at University of Innsbruck Dr Anna V. Zhdanova ftw. Telecommunications Research Center Vienna zhdanova@ftw. at © Copyright 2008 STI INNSBRUCK www. sti-innsbruck. at
Outline • Introduction • Enabling Mobile Technologies: Network layer, IMS, RFID, Service Platforms • Why: Support of Convergent Heterogeneous Environments and End-User Empowerment • How: Enabling User-Driven Semantics – Mobile Ontology and Knowledge Layer in Service Platforms – User-Generated Policies – User-Generated Mobile Microservices • What: Motivating Scenarios • Conclusions 15/03/2018 www. sti-innsbruck. at 2
Mobile Service - Definition • “A radiocommunication service between mobile and land stations, or between mobile stations. ” – traditional, short • “Radiocommunications services between ships, aircraft, road vehicles, or hand-held terminal stations for use while in motion or between such stations and fixed points on land. ” – official, by WTO • “Any service that can be operated on a mobile device, such as both voice and data services, for example, roaming, SMS and MMS, video streaming, location-based services, etc. ” – technically oriented www. sti-innsbruck. at 3
Mobile Services vs. Web Services • Many Web Services and APIs were originally developed with server to server or server to browser in mind, not mobile applications • Mobile platforms have their own set of challenges given: – – – Bandwidth Memory and CPU Availability Storage Capacity Connectivity Options and Issues Security User Interaction and Display www. sti-innsbruck. at Web Service
Making Mobile Services Widespread Mobile services have not (yet) reached the success of Web • If mobile services are to repeat the success of the Web they have to be: • simple to use, • simple to find, • simple to trust, • simple to create/set up. • These are the design goals of numerous projects, such as “SMS: Simple Mobile Services”, OPUCE, m: Ciudad. 15/03/2018 www. sti-innsbruck. at NGMAST 2008 Page 5
Outline • Introduction • Enabling Mobile Technologies: Network layer, IMS, RFID, Service Platforms • Why: Support of Convergent Heterogeneous Environments and End-User Empowerment • How: Enabling User-Driven Semantics – Mobile Ontology and Knowledge Layer in Service Platforms – User-Generated Policies – User-Generated Mobile Microservices • What: Motivating Scenarios • Conclusions 15/03/2018 www. sti-innsbruck. at 6
Outline • Introduction • Enabling Mobile Technologies: Network layer, IMS, RFID, Service Platforms • Why: Support of Convergent Heterogeneous Environments and End-User Empowerment • How: Enabling User-Driven Semantics – Mobile Ontology and Knowledge Layer in Service Platforms – User-Generated Policies – User-Generated Mobile Microservices • What: Motivating Scenarios • Conclusions 15/03/2018 www. sti-innsbruck. at 7
Networks - Overview Challenge: Addressing ubiquity and capacity bottlenecks through cooperative networks Wide Area Network (WAN) - Large coverage - High cost Personal Area Network (PAN) - Cable replacement - Ad-hoc connectivity - Low cost Mobility Walk Indoor Stationary 2 G cellular Outdoor Vehicle Broadband Fixed Wireless Access 3 G cellular Walk Stationary/ Desktop Bluetooth 0, 1 www. sti-innsbruck. at WLAN (Hiper. LAN/2) 1 10 User Bitrates (Mbps) Local Area Network (LAN) - Hot Spots/SOHO - High speed - Moderate cost LAN 100 Source: EC 1000
Heterogeneity in Networks Services and Applications New air interface Download channel : Return channel DAB DVB IP based core network cellular GSM IMT-2000 UMTS Wireline x. DSL WLAN Eg Hyperlan other entities There is a need for interoperation and convergence. short range connectivity Bluetooth, IR, UWB Source: EC www. sti-innsbruck. at
Protocol Issues Challenge: Convergence of multitude of protocols 2. 5 G/3 G Services B 3 G Services uniform service API (Internet+) PSTN IP GSM/ GPRS 3 G Access Network service feature modules 2. 5 G/3 G Radio Security Qo. S VPN Content Delivery generic network API WLAN Services Low-tier services IP Mobile Service Middleware IP WPAN network layer (e. g. Bluetooth) Ethernet WPAN radio 802. 11 Radio-specific vertically integrated systems with complex intetworking gateways Today’s Wireless Systems Unified IP-based mobile network Generic Radio Access Network 3 G/4 G Radio WLAN radio incl support for multihop, mcast, etc, uniform radio API’s WPAN/lowtier radio Radio Independent modular system architecture for heterogeneous networks The Future Source: EC www. sti-innsbruck. at
Evolution to IMS – How did we get there? IMS is a state of the art industrial solution for supporting modern mobile services. PSTN § § § Circuit switched Analog Digital SS 7 ISDN Wireless § Circuit § Digital § 2 G IP § Internet switched § Analog (GSM & CDMA ANSI-41) 3 G Wireless § § W-CDMA – Vo. IP § GPRS/UMTS – Instant – Web IMS Messaging Applications 3 G wireless + IP ++ – Standard Services Platform – Converged Applications & Content – Access Independence Source: Telcordia Technologies www. sti-innsbruck. at
IMS Concept What is IMS? • IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is a Service Delivery Architecture • Standardized architecture to provide Internet Protocol (IP)-based mobile and fixed multimedia services • IMS architecture has evolved over the past few years • Today, IMS could allow operators who own different types of networks with varying architectures to offer the same services to all of their customers Source: Telcordia Technologies www. sti-innsbruck. at
IMS Example: CNAM Call Flow 1 Initiate SIP Invite 7 Apply Service Logic to access IM-SSF AS 2 Retrieve Subscriber Profile (if needed) 8 IM-SSF queries a GSM-SCF if inter-working with PLMN needed 3 Apply Service Logic 9 Forward INVITE to CLD Party 4 Retrieve Address of CLD Party Home Network 10 SDP Negotiation / Resource Reservation Control 5 Identify Registrar of CLD Party and Forward INVITE 11 Ringing / Alerting 12 Answer / Connect 6 Retrieve Subscriber Profile Control 13 Session Active Calling Party Home Network Bearer HSS 2 Diameter AS 3 SIP ENUM Called Party Home Network SCF 6 4 7 S-CSCF 5 I-CSCF S-CSCF 9 P-CSCF LIDB/ CNAM 8 Diameter SIP Calling Party Visited Network HSS SIP IM-SSF SIP P-CSCF Called Party Visited Network 11 10 1 UE 1 RAN Backbone Packet Network RTP Stream Backbone Packet Network 12 RAN UE 2 13 IMS is protocol oriented and focused mainly on voice services. www. sti-innsbruck. at Source: Telcordia Technologies
Enabling Infrastructures - Industry Overview Trends IT Infrastructure SI’s IT Services and Applications Ap p Dev Business Process Consulting and Application Development O E Ms Communications Applications Networking CL E Cs Secure Application Optimization Carri ers Communication Services Integration and Management Legacy Core Services Industry is converging in parallel with technology Source: Verizon, 2007 www. sti-innsbruck. at
Telecommunications Landscape Industry Evolution Services 800 Local Voice Centrex LD Voice „Layering“ in telecommunications industries Stovepiped Modular Vertical Horizontal Low Value High-value Source: Verizon, 2007 Hosting Vo. IP Call Center Security Storage Messaging Voicemail Presence Desk phone/ Terminal www. sti-innsbruck. at TDM ATM Frame Network Limited Numerous Regulated Non-regulated Disparate Converged Device Limited Numerous Single function Multi-function CDMA Wi. Fi Wireless TDM IP MPLS IMS Wired SIP Phone Mobile PC PDA
RFID Technology – Introduction • Radio Frequency Identification - means to efficiently and quickly auto-identify objects, people, etc. • Real-time tracking of inventory in the supply chain • RFID tag – tiny computer chip with very small antenna – passive/active • The chip contain Electronic product code (EPC) – uniquely identify the object • The antenna transmits EPC to RFID reader – within a certain RF range, without requiring line-of-site www. sti-innsbruck. at 16
RFID Technology - Properties • Advantages: – – – rough conditions, long read ranges, portable databases, multiple tag read/write, tracking items in real-time • Results: – – – quick scanning of products in large bulks, automated supply chain management significant savings accuracy of shipment sent and received, check on product theft, counterfeiting, product recall, . . . www. sti-innsbruck. at 17
Mobile RFID technology • Vision of automatic identification and ubiquitous computing – „Internet of things“ – highly connected network – dispersed devices, objects, items can communicate each other – real-time information about objects, location, contents, destination, ambient conditions – efficient and easy M 2 M identification, communication and decision-making • Handheld portable devices – mobile phones, PDAs – behaves as RFID readers and tags – conventional RFID closer to common user www. sti-innsbruck. at 18
Smartphone Operating Systems Landscape i. Phone OS (Apple) Black. Berry OS (RIM) Window Mobile (Microsoft) Android (Google) Symbian (Nokia) Platform • Closed • Open Source Code • Closed • Open (in future) Q 2 WW Market Share (Gartner) • 2. 8% (1) • 17. 4% • 12. 0% • n/a • 57. 1% Smartphone traffic share (Ad. Mob) • WW: 4% • US: 16% • WW: 11% • US: 31% • WW: 13% • US: 29% • n/a • WW: 64% • US: 2% Pros • Early momentum • Data hungry early adopters • Powerful distribution channel • Strong reach (particularly in US) • Manufacturer / carrier agnostic • Open source innovation • Massive global reach • Open source innovation Issues • Apple dependant • BB dependent • Distribution • Late to market • Uncertain consumer demand • Limited reach in US • Distribution Application ecosystem • >3 K apps (~20% free) • More than 1 M installs in only a few months • Fewer free apps • BB Application Center being developed for Storm • >18 K apps • Skymarket to launch in 2009 • Android Market announced • $3. 8 MM awarded in Developer Challenge • >10 K apps • Claims >90 MM installs over last 2 years Notes: 1. Artificially low given the wait for the 3 G i. Phone (5. 3% market share in Q 1) www. sti-innsbruck. at Source: Shasta Ventures, 2008 19
Types of Mobile Services (Software) P 2 P SMS/MMS • Peer to peer communications • Not regulated Premium Rate Services Traditional WAP/SMS/MMS Services • Information and entertainment services & applications • Example: ringtones, pictures, wallpapers, logos, news, weather, sport, games, finance, directory, horoscopes • Not regulated • Voice or facsimile calls to the 190 x number range Regulated by: TISSC Self Regulatory Scheme • SMS and MMS calls to the 19 x number range (e. g. competition entries and voting for interactive TV) Regulated by: Mobile Premium Services Determination (ACMA) • Telephone sex services – Regulated by: Part 9 A of TCPSSA 1999 Mobile Internet • Stored content Schedule 5 BSA and IIA Code. Flagged in convergent devices review • Ephemeral/live content – e. g. streaming video Not Regulated (Big. Brother) Mobile TV • Regulated by: Mobile Premium Services Determination (ACMA) and BSA Telstra in confidence www. sti-innsbruck. at Portal/Walled Garden and 3 G • Music, video, TV services, games, lifestyle, sport, news and info, guide and directories, user generated • Age restricted services e. g. Planet 3’s “Premier” • Example: mobisodes, video clips, Big. Brother live footage, music videos • Regulated by: Mobile Premium Services Determination (ACMA) Interactive Communications Services • Chat services (e. g. Fast Flirting, Power Chat), Instant messaging (e. g. MSN, Yahoo!) Regulated by: Mobile Premium Services Determination (ACMA) • Location Based Services (Sensis mobile); Push to talk Flagged for regulation in convergent devices review. 20
Waves of Applications ns tio Ap pli ca cu s Fo re uc tu str fra In Mobile Data Service Maturity Fo cu s Multimedia Mobile Multimedia: • Instant Interactive multimedia • Video Messaging / Streaming • Enriched Personalized Services: • Instant Messaging/MMS • Infotainment • Location Based Services • m Commerce Enhanced Mobile Browsing: • Internet • Intranet/Extranet Simple Text Messaging (SMS) Internet Browsing (WAP) GSM GPRS UMTS is Perceived as a continuum from 2. 5 G --Richer Content --Better User Experience UMTS Source: Nortel networks www. sti-innsbruck. at
Terminals Diversity • • Open apps to terminals model Diversity to suit all market segments New Capabilities Learn from WAP and GPRS Errors! Panasonic-SGH T 100 WAP, Colour Screen, 87 gram Mitsbishi –Mondo Mobile phone & PDA, Windows CE applications Size 130 x 90 x 23 mm Weight 200 g Palm- Treo $ 299 16 Mb memory Email, calendar… Hiptop 16 Mb memory Email, calendar, camera optional Source: Nortel networks www. sti-innsbruck. at Value Add comes from Content and Applications Terminals are just the mediator Motorola T 720 Email, EMS WAP, Colour Screen
Trend: Data Applications Market • Key to successful data offering: – Appropriate Applications to Terminals Pairing – Culture, evolution of past user experiences – Business Model : Content players need to be motivated to join the value chain (Open APIs, revenue sharing, etc. ) – Applications diversity - New service capabilities in order to enrich the offer: MMS & Location based Services – Aggressive offering critical to take off Need : Open Systems (e. g. J 2 ME), Attractive Pricing, Customised & Terminal Variety Source: Nortel networks www. sti-innsbruck. at
Outline • Introduction • Enabling Mobile Technologies: Network layer, IMS, RFID, Service Platforms • Why: Support of Convergent Heterogeneous Environments and End-User Empowerment • How: Enabling User-Driven Semantics – Mobile Ontology and Knowledge Layer in Service Platforms – User-Generated Policies – User-Generated Mobile Microservices • What: Motivating Scenarios • Conclusions 15/03/2018 www. sti-innsbruck. at 24
End-User Empowerment in Converging Service Platforms (1) • Redefining the role of Telco: from access to service provider – Enabling new business models (e. g. «prosumers» vs. consumers) • Inter-domain aspects: service provisioning, inter-working Integration with the (Semantic) Web is inevitable for having a common large information pool • Make services intelligent and easier to use (assist users) Semantically enabled smart user interfaces 15/03/2018 www. sti-innsbruck. at 25
End-User Empowerment in Converging Service Platforms (2) • Hiding complexity and heterogeneity – Taking benefit of existing variety of services, networks and devices • Opening platform capabilities to 3 rd parties • Support multi-vendor, multi-technology middleware platforms Ontology technology is built to handle heterogeneity and variety • Provide services timely: accelerate creation & delivery of services – Fast service creation – Reduce time-to-market for new services 15/03/2018 www. sti-innsbruck. at Creation, discovery, composition of enablers and services is accelerated on the basis of shared ontologies & semantic techniques 26
Outline • Introduction • Enabling Mobile Technologies: Network layer, IMS, RFID, Service Platforms • Why: Support of Convergent Heterogeneous Environments and End-User Empowerment • How: Enabling User-Driven Semantics – Mobile Ontology and Knowledge Layer in Service Platforms – User-Generated Policies – User-Generated Mobile Microservices • What: Motivating Scenarios • Conclusions 15/03/2018 www. sti-innsbruck. at 27
Mobile Ontology Vocabulary project 22 organisations ca. 12 M Euro budget 15/03/2018 www. sti-innsbruck. at 28
Mobile Ontology Initiative • The initiative: http: //ontology. ist-spice. org – for the whole SPICE project and beyond, partially standardised by Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) • Used ontology languages: RDF/S, OWL 15/03/2018 www. sti-innsbruck. at 29
Service Platform Architecture SPICE Layering on the service platform layer, includes IMS. 15/03/2018 www. sti-innsbruck. at 30
Mobile Ontology – How People Contributed 15/03/20 18 www. sti-innsbruck. at 31
Outline • Introduction • Enabling Mobile Technologies: Network layer, IMS, RFID, Service Platforms • Why: Support of Convergent Heterogeneous Environments and End-User Empowerment • How: Enabling User-Driven Semantics – Mobile Ontology and Knowledge Layer in Service Platforms – User-Generated Policies – User-Generated Mobile Microservices • What: Motivating Scenarios • Conclusions 15/03/2018 www. sti-innsbruck. at 32
Example for Policies Now policies are most often texts that nobody reads. www. sti-innsbruck. at 33
Motivation: Why Edit Policies? End User Perspective • Personal data and identity managment – „Who is watching me? “, e. g. , choose to whom you want to reveal your location and presence and to whom not • Policy awareness, acceptance/rejection – „What is going on? “, „Why? “, e. g. , learn about government, finance, legal, business procedures Organizational Perspective • Policy management – „Define, set, communicate, share policies“, e. g. , conditions of selling a service at a WWW marketplace www. sti-innsbruck. at 34
Policy Acquisition Tool: Architecture www. sti-innsbruck. at 35
Eshop Policy Modelling Example “We might receive information about you from other sources and add it to our account information. “ Maria a : Customer. Eshop a : Eshop. External_Information_about_Maria a : External_Customer_Information. Marias_Account_at_Eshop a : Eshop_Customer_Account. { Maria : has Marias_Account_at_Eshop : receives External_Information_about_Maria } => {External_Information_about_Maria : is_added_to Marias_Account_at_Eshop} www. sti-innsbruck. at 36
Policy Acquisition Tool (PAT): Starting www. sti-innsbruck. at 37
PAT: Condition Editing www. sti-innsbruck. at 38
PAT: New Sentence Added www. sti-innsbruck. at 39
PAT: Rule Construction is Completed www. sti-innsbruck. at 40
Policy Creation - Evaluation • 2 case studies • 10 test subjects • more than 200 rule modeling solutions produced and checked for correctness • a human observer at the test-site • questionnaires after the tests www. sti-innsbruck. at
Outline • Introduction • Enabling Mobile Technologies: Network layer, IMS, RFID, Service Platforms • Why: Support of Convergent Heterogeneous Environments and End-User Empowerment • How: Enabling User-Driven Semantics – Mobile Ontology and Knowledge Layer in Service Platforms – User-Generated Policies – User-Generated Mobile Microservices • What: Motivating Scenarios • Conclusions 15/03/2018 www. sti-innsbruck. at 42
m: Ciudad - Vision • m: Ciudad, a step forward in Mobile User-generated Content and Services. A service infrastructure for the mobile platform for: n n Instantaneous, on-the-go service creation and provision. The mobile user as a prosumer: producer, provider and consumer of services and their associated contents. Fixed-mobile service convergence in a wide sense: one worldwide user-powered content network. Efficient context utilization. Automatic / manual context-aware content generation and publication. Discovery, access and mobile-to-mobile communication in a very distributed, volatile platform (such as the mobile one, with the service “not-always-on” paradigm). m: Ciudad micro-services 43 www. sti-innsbruck. at
m: Ciudad – Research Challenges Service Description Language Service Publication Filling Contents & Tagging Accountin g & Billing User Experienc e, incl. trust Ontology template-based service creation; (inter-user service composition from worldwide available services). Service Creation On-the-move Search & Discover Contents Access & Connect Service deployment; viral service advertising; service sharing; service taxonomy, service usage policies. Event-based content capturing (context-aware); Local and remote content & context tools; automatic tagging; content taxonomies. Semantic / fuzzy search; distributed recommendation; user-term driven service/content search. Translation from folksonomy to service ontology. IMS role; SIM/USIM role; seamless roaming treatment; Qo. S; Security. Service execution environments; service business models; service business protection, rich user interfacing. Business models, privacy, identification, dynamic billing. 44 www. sti-innsbruck. at
m: Ciudad – Underlying Magic NET WORK Service Capabilities Management Services Execution Environment 45 www. sti-innsbruck. at User management Knowledge warehouse Operating System TER MI NAL Service warehouse
„What is a microservice? “ • • Logic Metadata „Meta-metadata“ Content (Parameters, Instantiation) • Presentation „Exposable“ parts are modelled semantically 46 www. sti-innsbruck. at
Microservices: Architectural Building Blocks m. Ciudad Framework / Platform Service Exec Env (Browser ? ) Rule / Policy controller access rights/certifcates § pre-condition/policy enforcement § SDL conformance § user # limitation § Authoring/ composition toolkit My Service Metropolis (registry ? ) Serv lifecycle / State Mgr Service Search & discovery § service state (active/busy/comm) § § sleep/resume, TTL event log Context & Data profile Messaging Flow sensors manager Mgr Capabilities GPS 47 www. sti-innsbruck. at Service publisher + Metadata creation asynchronous push/pull § P 2 P pipe/flow/syndication § notification mgmt Authentication, (policy-based) access control Group mgmt Notification Service Know Ware Accounting Serv. Ware and components Media storage persistant DB Ontology parsing engine Search engine § Service availability tracker Recommender / relevance ranking
Outline • Introduction • Enabling Mobile Technologies: Network layer, IMS, RFID, Service Platforms • Why: Support of Convergent Heterogeneous Environments and End-User Empowerment • How: Enabling User-Driven Semantics – Mobile Ontology and Knowledge Layer in Service Platforms – User-Generated Policies – User-Generated Mobile Microservices • What: Motivating Scenarios • Conclusions 15/03/2018 www. sti-innsbruck. at 48
Policies: Dilbert Example www. sti-innsbruck. at 49
Policies: Eshop Example Policy Acquisition Tool Maria likes to shop, likes special offers, does not like to disclose her personal data www. sti-innsbruck. at Ehop manager works for a Eshop, creates Eshop policies and communicates them to customers, applies Eshop policies for user profile management 50
Microservices Scenario: Traffic Jam Killer Motivation: Share knowledge about the fluidity of the traffic and presence of mobile radars with friends. 51 www. sti-innsbruck. at
Microservices Scenario: Friends Locator Motivation: Locate friends, position them and show on a map. 52 www. sti-innsbruck. at
Scenarios Combined with Current RFID Application Areas • Transport and logistics – toll management, tracking of goods, … • Security and access control – tracking people, controlling access to restricted areas • Supply chain management – item tagging, theft-prevention, product life cycle, … • Medical and pharmaceutical applications – identification and location of staff and patients, asset tracking, counterfeit protection for drugs, … • Manufacturing and processing – streamlining assembly line process, … • Agriculture – tracking of animals, quality control, … • Public sector, government – passports, driver’s licenses, library systems, … www. sti-innsbruck. at 53
Outline • Introduction • Enabling Mobile Technologies: Network layer, IMS, RFID, Service Platforms • Why: Support of Convergent Heterogeneous Environments and End-User Empowerment • How: Enabling User-Driven Semantics – Mobile Ontology and Knowledge Layer in Service Platforms – User-Generated Policies – User-Generated Mobile Microservices • What: Motivating Scenarios • Conclusions 15/03/2018 www. sti-innsbruck. at 54
Conclusions Thank you for the attention. Starbucks comes from America (and there are several ones in Vienna!). Many would agree that coffee is better in Austria than in the US. Why wait till somebody else empowers end-users with semantic mobile services in the converging world? Questions? www. sti-innsbruck. at 55
References (URIs) • IETF: http: //www. ietf. org • IETF RFC: http: //www. rfc-editor. org/rfcsearch. html – Link to IETF specifications relevant for IMS • 3 GPP: http: //www. 3 gpp. org/specs. htm • 3 GPP 2: http: //www. 3 gpp 2. org/Public_ html/specs • m: Ciudad project: http: // www. mciudad-fp 7. org • SPICE project: http: //www. ist-spice. org • FTW: http: //www. ftw. at IETF = Internet Engineering Task Force RFC = Request for Comments 3 GPP (and further abbreviations) – see Appendix of the slides www. sti-innsbruck. at 56
References (Books and Papers) • • Camarillo, G. , Garcia-Martin, M. A. “The 3 G IP Multimedia Subsystem: Merging the Internet and the Cellular Worlds”, 381 p. , John Wiley & Sons Ltd. (2004). Villalonga, C. , Strohbach, M. , Snoeck, N. , Sutterer, M. , Belaunde, M. , Kovacs, E. , Zhdanova, A. V. , Goix, L. W. , Droegehorn, O. "Mobile Ontology: Towards a Standardized Semantic Model for the Mobile Domain". In Proceedings of the 1 st International Workshop on Telecom Service Oriented Architectures (TSOA 2007) at the 5 th International Conference on Service-Oriented Computing, 17 September 2007, Vienna, Austria, Springer (2007). Davies, M. , Gil, G. , Maknavicius, L. , Narganes, M. , Urdiales, D. , Zhdanova, A. V. "m: Ciudad: An Infrastructure for Creation and Sharing of End User Generated Microservices". In Proceedings of the Poster and Demonstration Track at the 1 st Future Internet Symposium, 28 -30 September 2008, Vienna, Austria (2008). Zhdanova, A. V. , Zeiss, J. , Dantcheva, A. , Gabner, R. , Bessler, S. “A Semantic Policy Management Environment for End-Users and its Empirical Study”. Networked Knowledge - Networked Media: Integrating Knowledge Management, New Media Technologies and Semantic Systems (Eds. : Schaffert, S. , Tochtermann, K. , Auer, S. , Pellegrini, T. ), Springer Verlag (2009). www. sti-innsbruck. at 57
Appendix: IMS White Paper Acronyms • • • • • • www. sti-innsbruck. at 3 G 3 GPP 2 AAA AMF ANI ANSI API AS ASN ATIS ATM ATP AUC BGCF BT CAMEL Enhanced Logic CAP CBF CCF CDMA Third Generation 3 rd Generation Partnership Project 2 Authentication, Authorization and Accounting Account Management Function Application-to-Network Interface American National Standards Institute Application Programming Interface Application Server Abstract Syntax Notation Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions Asynchronous Transfer Mode Acceptance Test Plan Authentication Center Breakout Gateway Control Function British Telecom Customized Applications for Mobile Network CAMEL Application Part Charging and Billing Function Charging Collection Function Charging Data Function Code Division Multiple Access
Appendix: IMS White Paper Acronyms • • • • • • • www. sti-innsbruck. at CDR CGF CLEC CN COPS CPE CS CSCF CTIA DB DHLR DIAMETER DMS DNS DSL E 9 -1 -1 ECF EDGE EIA ENUM GGSN GPRS GSA GSM HLR HSS Charging Data Records Charging Gateway Function Competitive LEC Core Network Common Open Policy Service Customer Premises Equipment Circuit-switched Call Session Control Function Cellular Telecommunications and Internet Association Database Distributed Home Location Register AAA or HSS protocol; successor/upgrade of RADIUS Dual Mode Services Domain Name System Digital Subscriber Line Emergency Services Event Charging Function Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution Electronics Industry Association Telephone Number Mapping Gateway GPRS Support Node General Packet Radio Service Global Mobile Suppliers Association Global System for Mobile Communication Home Location Register Home Subscriber Server
Appendix: IMS White Paper Acronyms www. sti-innsbruck. at • • • • • • • HTTP I-CSCF IETF IM IM-SSF IMS-MGW IMT-2000 IN IP IP-CAN IPDR IPsec IPv 4 IPv 6 ISC ISDN ISG ISO ISUP IT LAN LEC LNP MAP MCS Hyper. Text Transfer Protocol Interrogating Call Session Control Function Internet Engineering Task Force Instant Messaging IP Multimedia Services Switching Function IP Multimedia Subsystem IMS Media Gateway Function International Mobile Telecommunications 2000 Intelligent Networks Internet Protocol IP Connectivity Access Network Internet Protocol Detail Record IP Security IP Version 4 IP Version 6 IMS Service Control Integrated Services Digital Network Intelligent Services Gateway International Organization for Standards ISDN User Part Information Technology Local Area Network Local Exchange Carrier Local Number Portability Mobile Application Part Multimedia Communications Server
Appendix: IMS White Paper Acronyms • • • • • www. sti-innsbruck. at • • MEGACO MGCF MGIF MGW MPLS MRFC MRFP MSF MSO MTP NAI NANP NE NGN NNI OAM&P Provisioning OCF OCS OMA OSI OSS PC P-CSCF Media Gateway Control (protocol) Media Gateway Control Function Media Gateway Function Mobile Gaming Interoperability Forum Media gateway Multi-Protocol Label Switching Media Resource Function Controller Media Resource Function Processor Multiservice Switching Forum Multi-Service Operator Message Transfer Part Network Access Identifier North American Numbering Plan Network Element Next Generation Network Node Interface Operations, Administration, Maintenance and Online Charging Function Online Charging System Open Mobile Alliance Open Service Access Open Systems Interconnection Operations Support System Policy Controller Proxy Call Session Control Function
Appendix: IMS White Paper Acronyms www. sti-innsbruck. at • • • • • • • PDA PDF PDSN POTS PSTN PLMN Qo. S RAN RADIUS RF RTP RTCP SBC SCCP SCF SCIM SCP S-CSCF SCTP SCF SCP SCS SDO SDP Personal Digital Assistant Policy Decision Function Packet Data Subsystem Packet Data Service Node Plain Old Telephone Service Public Switched Telephone Network Public land Mobile Network Quality of Service Radio Access Network Remote Authentication Dial In User Service Rating Function Real-Time Transport Protocol RTP Control Protocol Session Border Controller Signaling Connection Control Part Session Charging Function Service Capability Interaction Manager Service Control Point Serving Call Session Control Function Serving CSCF Stream Control Transmission Protocol Service Control Function Service Control Point Service Capability Server Standards Development Organization Session Description Protocol
Appendix: IMS White Paper Acronyms • • • • • • • www. sti-innsbruck. at SGF SGSN SGW SIGTRAN SIP SLA SLF SMS SNMP SOA SS 7 SSL SSF SSP TAS TBCP TCAP TCP TDM TIA TSG-CT TSG-GERAN TSG-SA UDP Signaling Gateway Function Serving GPRS Support Node Signaling Gateway Signaling Transport Session Initiation Protocol Service Level Agreement Subscriber Locator Function Short Message Service Simple Network Management Protocol Service Oriented Architecture Signaling System 7 Secure Sockets Layer Service Switching Function Service Switching Point Telephony Application Serer Talk Burst Control Protocol Transaction Capabilities Application Part Transmission Control Protocol Time Division Multiplexing Telecommunications Industry Association TSG Core Network and Terminals (3 GPP) TSG GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (3 GPP) TSG Service and System Aspects (3 GPP) User Datagram Protocol
Appendix: IMS White Paper Acronyms • • • • • www. sti-innsbruck. at UE UMTS UNI URL UTRA UWB VCC Vo. IP VPN VSP WCIT WIN WG Wi. Fi Wi. MAX WIN WLAN WTSC x. DSL User Equipment Universal Mobile Telecommunications System User-to-Network Interface Universal Resource Identifier Uniform Resource Locator Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Ultra-Wideband Voice Call Continuity Voice over IP Virtual Private Network Virtual Service Provider World Conference on International Telecommunications Wireless Intelligent Network Working Group 802. 11 x wireless technology 802. 16 x wireless technology Wireless Intelligent Network Wireless LAN Wireless Technologies and Systems Committee (ATIS) Variations of DSL
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