Mobile Geospatial Data Acquisition Techniques, Application, Research Prof. Dr-Ing. Wolfgang Reinhardt Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Universität der Bundeswehr München http: //agis. bauv. unibwmuenchen. de Brno – December 2004
Uni. Bw München About 3000 Students (mostly living on campus, mostly soldiers, staff is civil, Trimester system!) 10 Faculties / Departments – 13 programs The Faculties: • Civil Engineering, Geodesy and Geoinformatics (Univ) • Electro and Information Technology • Computer Science • Aeronautics and Aerospace Technologies • Education Sciences • Social Sciences • Economics • Business Management (FH) • Electrical Engineering • Mechanical Engineering Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
AGIS – GI lab GI-Lab at Uni. Bw M, civil engineering faculty founded: 1997 (Caspary/Reinhardt) tasks: • Education, professional training • Research transfer 15 scientists, mostly financed from 3. Party funds Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
Stand: 06/04 Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
Current research projects Interoperability / standards • GI-Interoperability based on GI education • GI teaching modules Projects with utilities • Quality management • Q-assurance • Process optimisation Object oriented classification / RS Data Visualization (SVG) Mobile GI Services • GI-based positioning of XML/GML • GI Normung / Standardisation (Quality procedures) • Concepts for meta data Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS (BMBF) • GIS- Introduction / Virtuelle Hochschule Bayern (vhb) locomotives • VISPA, Paramount (LBS for hiker / wanderer • Advanced Geo-Services (BMBF / DFG – Geotechnologien) Wolfgang Reinhardt
Overview • • History LBS – location based services Example: Project Paramount Mobile data acquisition • Project „Advanced Geo. Services“ • Concept of mobile client • User scenario • Reasearch topics Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
History: GIS & GPS integration (80´s-90´s) • Use of (curent) position in GIS applications • Navigation applications ðeg. : car navigation, „map matching“ • Extension: Use of different sensors • Many applications • Example of our work: ALOIS Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
Example ALOIS (1997 – 2000) Main Task: Position of Loc´s in a factory railway network Factory area around 4 * 8 km 2, railway network: around 600 km, no GPS Central computer Position (Locom. ) Applications Com. DB e. g. logistics Main research focus: Position from various sensors: INS, Gyro compass, odometer (low price equipm Advanced map matching adopted to railway networks and different sensors -> Ph. D Thesis (in german) Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
Overview • • History LBS – location based services Example: Project Paramount Mobile data acquisition • Project „Advanced Geo. Services“ • Concept of mobile client • User scenario • Reasearch topics Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
Location based services - LBS • Services which consider the current position of the user to provide any content (Search for next location, tracking / safety, location aware advertisement. . . ) • Hype in 2000/2001 -> Reality? • Necessary: • Mobile Equipment • Service / Content (Data) • Communication • Location Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
Questionaire: usage of LBS (how users want to use) Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS (src. : Kölmel und Wirsing 2002) Wolfgang Reinhardt
Questionaire: usage of LBS (src. : Kölmel und Wirsing 2002) Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
LBS – Architecture (example) Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
Example: Project PARAMOUNT www. paramounttours. com Consortium: (12/2001 – 09/2003, EU IST funded) • If. EN Gmb. H, Poing(www. ifen. com) Identifikation potentieller Anwendungsregionen • AGIS Uni. BW München(www. agis. unibw-muenchen. de) • ICC, Institut Cartogràfic de Catalunya (www. icc. es) • Bergwacht Bayern (S&R) (www. bergwachtbayern. de) Goal: Provide services for. Bergrettungsdienst • Österreichischer hiker and wanderer (to increase safety) – Show feasibility (2001!), (S&R) Application: 2000! Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
Identify regions where service would be possible Look for GSM, GPS and GI (vectors!) availability in Alps and Pyrenees (3 G synthesis) Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
User involvement • Questionaire in internet: ask for functionalities and acceptable fees Result, e. g. : acceptable fee: Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
Architecture of PARAMOUNT SAR Center Client Mobile Client SAR Teams Comm. interface SAFETOU R Mobile Client Server side Comm. interface side INFOTOUR DATATOU ARCIMS ARCView 8. x R Spatial access SAR-DB Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Geo-DB DB DATATOUR Wolfgang Reinhardt
Example Paramount SAFETOUR INFOTOUR Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
SAFETOUR: SAR Centre Client • Overview on Rescue actio • Up-to-date Positions of Rescue team Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
DATATOUR: involvement of users Users with GPS deliver hiking trails (vectors) and other infos (on POIs) Algorithm development: • Identify identical parts of tra • Only trails who are delivered from different users are stor in the database („weights“ accorting to the number of deliverables) • Research: Modelling of user trustiness / reliability Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
Testarea (Bavarian Alps) • 2 areas in Bavaria with size: 30 x 30 km 2 (Spitzingsee region and Bayrischzell); one area in Pyrenees • Data of one area: • Vector data Points of Interest ~470 Nodes ~2175 Edges ~2800 Way points ~29800 • • Addional information (POIs) Top. Maps (2 scales) Arial photographs DGM 10 m grid Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
In action (costs) • Costs for GPRS usage(T-D 1) POI (~2 kb) Map 1 640 x 640 m Map 2 1792 x 1792 m ~ 0, 01 € ~ 0, 03 € ~ 0, 05 € Rendered Image ~ 0, 25 € Average a day (2 x 9 Karten, 3 x 3 D, routing etc. ) Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS ~ 1, 5 € Wolfgang Reinhardt
In action • „rendert“ Image • Performance Average reply time of the server: 1 -20 Secs Rendered image: ~45 -50 Sekunden Download with ~2 kb/sec (map tile : ~5 s, Route: ~3 s, rendert image: ~40 s) Luftbilder: © Bayer. Landesvermessungsamt http: //www. bayern. de/vermessung Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
Mobile Tour. Guide Hardware Pocket PC with GPS and GPRS-Modem or Mobile Phone Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
Paramount - resumé • Most user accept it (but some discussion: to much technique in mountains! • On-line and off-line functionalities (sometimes poor GSM) • SAR orgs find it very helpful: faster search! More information Improved safety Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
Overview • • History LBS – location based services Example: Project Paramount Mobile data acquisition • Project „Advanced Geo. Services“ • Concept of mobile client • User scenario • Reasearch topics Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
„ Advanced Geo. Services“ Research Program „Geotechnologien“ Founded by BMBF (ministry of education and research) and DFG (german science society) (KZ 03 F 0381 A) Project duration: 10/2002 to 9/2005 Partner: Universität Karlsruhe - Institut für Photogrammetrie und Fernerkundung Hochschule Vechta - Forschungszentrum für Geoinformatik und Fernerkundung European Media Laboratory Gmb. H Heidelberg Uni. Bw München - AGIS Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
Main Tasks In this presentation: • Acquistion and update of complex Geodatabases using mobile technologies • Mobile access of different data from various sources • Consideration of 3 D and 4 D data (Data base, Services) • Usage of Augmented Reality in Geo Sciences Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
Focus in this talk Project part: „Mobile data acquisition, update and processing“ AGIS & EML Another name: Ubiquitous Computing Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
Main tasks of this part • Access to different data from various • • • sources in the field (-> processing) Generic approach, adoptable to various data models Architecture of a mobile client Use of standards (no proprietary solutions) Sensor integration Workflows for main tasks Quality management / assurance in the field! Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
Fields of application 1. Landslide application • Data visualisation • Analyses in the field • Data capture / update 2. Application in river hydrologie (dams and river morphologie) 3. Many others (cadastre, utilities. . ) Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
Concepts for mobile acquisition • Use of distributed datasets in the field in real-time • Open, standards-based architecture, e. g. based on OGC Specifications like WFS, GML, XML, . . . • Integration of different measuring instruments, e. g. GPS, total stations (surveying instrument) Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
Generic mobile acquisition process Data model GML/XML Schema point Feature geometry line polygon Feature attributes [Generate geo-feature] Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
Landslide application scenario Test areas near Balingen and Rosenheim, Germany source: LGRB BW Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS source: LGRB BW news 2002 Wolfgang Reinhardt
Landslide application scenario Test area Balingen Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
Data model example 0. . 1 * * Geological objects, measuring instruments and measurements Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
Use case: Landslide alarm Locate alarm source Geotech mobile client in map Alarm Download Site map data goes to field Check Monitoring system Geo. User Download previous measurements Perform manual measurements If difference between measurements is significant --- alarm is true ! Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
Use case: Landslide alarm Geotech mobile client What has changed in the area? e. g. Ditch class Selects Feature Class Geo. User Acquires new features e. g. gaps, ditches, slope edges, . . Performs geometry measurements Enters attribute values New ditch Updates Database quality assurance ! Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Ditch attributes Wolfgang Reinhardt
Online geospatial data acquisition Feature class selection Geo. User selects Observed. Point class ! Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Generating feature Attributes form Wolfgang Reinhardt
Online geospatial data acquisition System configuration Balingen test area WLAN Client Geodata warehouse GPRS, UMTS Geotech in-field server WLAN Client • For Balingen test area (150 m by 200 m) about 6 Access Points are envisaged Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Geo. User Wolfgang Reinhardt
Summary Geotech project • Application scenario has been defined • Data acquisition concept implemented (Prototype) - „Open System“ implemented (basic services) - Wireless access to Geo. Sevices, usage of data from distributed data bases - Measurements by GPS - Dynamic form generation for attributes input - Feature generation - More tests necessary -> workflows, Improvements • Data transactions / update concept (e. g. inserts, deletes) -> WFS-T • Quality control/checks in the field • Integration of sensors based on standards • Advanced Services (. . 3 D, 4 D. . . ) Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
Research questions raised • Deficits in „Modelling chain“ (Appl. . UML, . . . , GML) • Modelling of observation & measurements • Integrate sensors / sensor networks, Integrate sensor data (different kind, quality. . . ) • (in progress – 1 Ph. D candidate – Admire Kandawasvika) • Quality management / assurance: • Define rules in user language in the conceptual model, translate it to a „system readable form“ • Involvement of workflow tools • (in progress – 2 Ph. D candidates – Fei Wang, Stephan Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
Examples of recently started work 1. Example: Sensor networks Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
Sensor Integration – Sensor web Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
Sensor networks - examples Relevant in our application: • GPS - positions, together with their timestamps • Total stations – positions plus other geodetic measurements • Digital cameras - images showing changes of terrain appearance • Laser scanners – terrain points for reconstructing digital elevation models (DEM) , … • Extensometers – gaps expansions of the ditches in which they are installed In general • Various types, image sensors and others Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
Architecture Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
Sensor user scenario Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
Sensor Framework • Each geodetic sensor should be able to describe itself (i. e. • • • behaviour, characteristics, …) in a common way and also publishes it’s capabilities. Sensors are accessible via Web – as suggested by the Sensor. Web. Wireless (e. g. Bluetooth, WLAN) and wired (e. g. serial cables) connections can be established for the purposes of communicating with the in-field sensor network. Access to different sensor types via standard interfaces – for the purposes of data retrieval and as well manipulation of these sensors. Different data from different sensors can be processed onthe-fly and transformed into useful information. This is a very challenging task and requires highly sophisticated services. Sensors data may be stored in databases using standard format (e. g. using O& M for encoding) Arbeitsgemeinschaft should be generated if certain thresholds are Alert / alarm. GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
Examples of recently started work 2. Example: Aspects of quality Management Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
Define rules for quality management • RDF - Ressource Description Framework (w 3 C standard) • Application in semantic web field • Allows for declarations in {Subject/Predicate/Object} form • Predicate is a oriented graph from subject to object Paris Is capital of France House Is inside of parcel Problem: description of semantics depends on author Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
RDF-XML example HTML- declaration with implicit semantics Declaration of a ressourceto ressources Relations Assignment of a ressource RDF-XML declaration Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
Ontology web language - OWL • Also W 3 C Standard, 2/2004 used in semantic web • Formal description of ontologies • Based on XML and RDF/Schema vocubalary • More possibilities to describe classes and properties / characteristics: - Relations between classes (e. g. „disjointness“) - Cardinalities (e. g. . "exactly one") & equalness - Typs (e. g. . „symmetry“, „inverse. Of“) • First „trials“ -in. Enumerations (e. g. „one. Of“) our application Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
Thanks to AGIS staff Especially: • Florian Sayda • Roland Helmich • Admire Kandawasvika • Stephan Mäs • Fei Wang Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
Thank you! Questions? Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS Wolfgang Reinhardt
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