Mobile and Ad hoc Networks Background of Ad

Mobile and Ad hoc Networks Background of Ad hoc Wireless Networks Wireless Communication Technology and Research Ad hoc Routing and Mobile IP and Mobility Wireless Sensor and Mesh Networks Student Presentations Wireless Adhoc and Sensor Networks http: //web. uettaxila. edu. pk/CMS/SP 2012/te. AWNms/

Outline Wireless Networks Cellular Networks Ad hoc Networks Sensor Networks Areas of research

Coverage of Wireless Mobile Systems

Transmission Capacity Transmission capacity as a function of mobility in some radio access systems

Medical and Healthcare Applications Possibility for Remote consulting (including Audio Visual communication)

Applications - I Vehicles transmission of news, road condition, weather, music via DAB personal communication using GSM position via GPS local ad-hoc network with vehicles close-by to prevent accidents, guidance system, redundancy vehicle data (e. g. , from busses, high-speed trains) can be transmitted in advance for maintenance

Applications – I (Contd. ) Emergencies early transmission of patient data to the hospital, current status, first diagnosis replacement of fixed infrastructure in case of earthquakes, hurricanes, fire etc. crisis, war, . . .

Typical application: road traffic

Mobile and wireless services – Best Connected

Applications - II Travelling salesmen direct access to customer files stored in a central location consistent databases for all agents mobile office Replacement of fixed networks remote sensors, e. g. , weather, earth activities flexibility for trade shows LANs in historic buildings

Applications – II (Contd. ) Entertainment, education, . . . outdoor Internet access intelligent travel guide with up-to-date location dependent information ad-hoc networks for multi user games

Location dependent Services Location aware services what services, e. g. , printer, fax, phone, server etc. exist in the local environment Follow-on services automatic call-forwarding, transmission of the actual workspace to the current location Information services „push“: e. g. , current special offers in the supermarket „pull“: e. g. , where is the Black Forrest Cherry Cake?

Location dependent Services (Contd. ) Support services caches, intermediate results, state information etc. „follow“ the mobile device through the fixed network Privacy who should gain knowledge about the location

Wireless systems: overview of the development

Simple reference model

Influence of mobile communication to the layer model

Scope of Wireless technologies

The envisioned future of communication

Overlay Networks – Solution of the future

Areas of research in mobile communication Wireless Communication transmission quality (bandwidth, error rate, delay) modulation, coding, interference media access, regulations . . . Mobility location dependent services location transparency quality of service support (delay, jitter, security) Routing . . .

Areas of research in mobile communication Portability power consumption limited computing power, sizes of display, . . . usability Security …

Classic Mail Store and Forwarding Technique?

Fundamentals of Cellular Systems

Traffic and Control channels

Automatic Location Update

Automatic Call Forwarding using HLR-VLR

Call Setup from MH (Cell Phone) to BS?

Mobility and Handoff

Handoff Scenarios with Mobility Locations

MANETs: Mobile Ad hoc Networks

Mobile Ad hoc Network Characteristics An autonomous system of nodes (MHs) connected by wireless links Lack of fixed infrastructure relays Absence of centralized authority Peer-to-peer connectivity Multi-hop forwarding to ensure network connectivity Topology may change dynamically Random Multi-hop Graph Energy-constrained Bandwidth-constrained, variable capacity links

Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET)

Applications of MANETs Defense applications: On-the-fly communication set up for soldiers on the ground, fighter planes in the air, etc. Crisis-management applications: Natural disasters, where the entire communication infrastructure is in disarray Tele-medicine: Paramedic assisting a victim at a remote location can access medical records, can get video conference assistance from a surgeon for an emergency intervention

Applications of MANETs (Contd. ) Tele-Geo-processing applications: Combines geographical information system, GPS and high capacity MS, Queries dependent on locationinformation of the users, and environmental monitoring using sensors Virtual navigation: A remote database contains geographical representation of streets, buildings, and characteristics of large metropolis and blocks of this data is transmitted in rapid sequence to a vehicle to visualize needed environment ahead of time

Applications of MANETs (Contd. ) Education via the internet: Educational opportunities on Internet to students and other interested individuals and it is possible to have last-mile wireless Internet access

Embedded Sensor Networks

Embedded Sensor Networks Micro-sensors, on-board processing, and wireless interfaces all feasible at very small scale q q can monitor phenomena “up close” Will enable spatially and temporally dense environmental monitoring q q Embedded Networked Sensing will reveal previously unobservable phenomena

Example use of a Sensor Network Measuring pollutant concentration Pass on information to monitoring station Predict current location of pollutant contour based on various parameters Take corrective action

Wireless Sensor Networks – Architecture

What is a Sensor and a Sensor Network? Portable and self-sustained (power, communication, intelligence) Capable of embedded complex data processing Note: Power consumed in transmitting 1 Kb data over 100 m is equivalent to executing 30 M Instructions on 10 MIPS processor Technology trends predict small memory footprint may not be a limitation in future sensor nodes Equipped with multiple sensing, programmable computing and communication capability

Sensors and Wireless Radio Types of sensors: Pressure, Temperature Light Biological Chemical Strain, fatigue Tilt • Capable of surviving harsh environments (heat, humidity, corrosion, pollution, radiation, etc. ) • Could be deployed in large numbers

Wireless Sensor Networks Wireless sensor networks are a collection of tiny disposable and low power devices A sensor node is a device that converts a sensed attribute (e. g. temperature, vibration) into a form understandable by users Wireless sensor networks have been used for years for a number of applications The number of sensors can be large to cover as much area as desirable Sensor networks are usually unattended and some degree of fault tolerance needed

Characteristics of Wireless Sensor Networks Advantages: Ease of deployment Extended range Fault tolerance Mobility (some) Limitations: Low-bandwidth Error-prone transmissions Need for collision-free channel access Limited amount of energy available Usually sensors placed where it is difficult to replace their batteries

Assignment #2 Define terms and IEEE standards mentioned in Slide 17

Q&A ?