Ministry of Health Kazakh National Medical University S

Ministry of Health Kazakh National Medical University S. D. Asfendiyarov Smoke-as a social problem among 6 th year students Kaz. NMU CHECKED BY: KUSHERBAYEVA L. K. FACULTY: GD GRADE: 6 INTERNSHIP GROUP: 10 -001 -1 AISAUTOV A. , IKHRAM M. , ZHUMATAYEVA G. , NURMAKHAN M. , RAMANKUL Z. , MELS A. АLMATY 2015 -2016 Y.

PLAN: Inroduction: The relevance of this topic World Survey Review in Kazakhstan Main part: Goal Tasks Materials and methods Inferences Recommendations Used literatures

The relevance of this topic It is generally recognized that the effects of smoking and tobacco intoxication is one of the leading preventable causes of morbidity, disability and mortality in countries with high prevalence of smoking, which include Kazakhstan. [1]

Continuation While tobacco is reduced in developed countries, it increases in poor countries. [2] Most people know that tobacco is dangerous, but few, even among medical students are not aware of how big the devastating effects of tobacco smoking to the body. [3]

World review Each year, tobacco causes nearly 6 million deaths, of which more than 5 million cases occur among consumers and former tobacco users, and more than 600 000 - among non-smokers exposed to second-hand smoke. Unless urgent action is taken, the number of annual deaths by 2030 may exceed 8 million(2014 y. ). [4] Almost 80% of the one billion smokers worldwide live in low- and middle-income countries (2014 y. ). [4]

Deaths from tobacco use in the world in 2014 y. Worldwide tobacco leads to : v 7 % of all deaths from tuberculosis ; v 10 % of all deaths from cardiovascular diseases; v 22 % of all deaths from lung cancer ; v 36 % of all deaths due to respiratory infections. [5 ]

Smoking causes more than 500, 000 deaths per year across Eurasia, representing 16% of all adult deaths in the region, compared with 12% of all deaths in the world (2014 y. ). [5] Mortality associated with smoking, disproportionate Eurasia men - 28% of all male deaths compared with 16% of all male deaths in the world (2014 y. ). [5]

The impact of measures aimed at combating tobacco smoking WHO Framework Convention on tobacco control was adopted by 177 countries, including Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Russia and Ukraine. The set of measures for combating tobacco epidemic MPOWER is very effective, and strategies implemented by countries, since 2007, have in 2050 prevented 7. 4 million premature deaths worldwide. [6]

Review in Kazakhstan 2014 y. Tobacco consumption 42. 4% of men and 4. 5% of women and 22. 4% of the adult population (2. 8 million adults) currently smoke tobacco. [7] 2. 8% of men, 0. 0% of women and 1. 3% of the adult population (0. 2 million adults) currently use smokeless tobacco. [7] 50. 9% of daily smokers light up within 30 minutes after waking up every day. [7] Cessation Among those who had ever smoked daily, only 1 out of 10 quit smoking. [7] 6 out of 10 current smokers plan or think about giving up tobacco. [7] 3 out of 10 smokers have tried to quit smoking in the last 12 months. [7]

PASSIVE SMOKING 19. 0% of the adult population (1. 2 million. Adults), working indoors, exposed to tobacco smoke in the workplace. [8] v 13. 8% of the adult population (1. 6 million. Adults) exposed to tobacco smoke at home. [8] v 27. 6% of the adult population (1. 2 million. Adults) exposed to tobacco smoke in restaurants. [8] v

Table 1. Tobacco Smokers 2014 y. Tobacco Smokers Men(%) Women(%) All(%) The current tobacco smokers 42. 4 4. 5 22. 4 Daily tobacco smokers 36. 9 3. 2 19. 1 Current cigarette smokers 1 42. 2 4. 2 22. 2 Daily tobacco smokers 1 36. 3 3. 0 18. 7 Former daily smokers tobacco 2 (among all adults) 5. 5 1. 0 3. 1 Former daily smokers tobacco 2 (among all adults) 12. 0 20. 7 12. 9 Daily smokers who light up within 30 minutes after waking up 51. 6 43. 9 50. 9 The average number of cigarettes smoked per day among daily tobacco smokers Men(#) Women (#) All (*) 15. 2 11. 8 14. 9 Smokeless tobacco users Current smokeless tobacco users Men(%) Women (%) All(%) 2. 8 0. 0 1. 3 CONSUMERS OF TOBACCO (smoking and / or smokeless) Current tobacco consumers 43. 4 4. 5 22. 9

Table 2. Prevalence of smoking among youth, 2013. On this chart we can see that postprostranstve Eurasia among young smokers Kazakhstan goes to the 4 th place after Russia, Ukraine and Belarus. TCE calculations using data from the UN Population (2013) and data on the prevalence of smoking WHO? (2013). [9]

Table 3. Young people as potential smokers in 2020 In this table you can see that in the future as they grow older youth in Kazakhstan these figures are the most privyshat 2020 , Kazakhstan and get hold 3 rd place , ahead of Belarus. [10]

Figure 1. The distribution of current smokers by age group and sex, 2014 y. This diagram shows that the number of smokers among 2244 years is much higher than other age groups ( 29. 6 % ), namely 55 % for men. [10]

Figure 2. % Of deaths caused by tobacco smoking 2014 y. • In Kazakhstan, according to the disease: • 1 Diseases of the respiratory system; • • 2 -malignant neoplasms; 3 -communicable diseases; 4 -cardiovascular diseases. Kazakhstan is ahead of all developed countries smetnosti tobacco. [10]

Figure 3. The loss of production as a result of premature death from smoking, % of GDP 2014 y. The loss of production from tobacco Eurasian equivalent of 6. 5% of the annual GDP of the Eurasian region, compared with 2% of global GDP. [10] Kazakhstan has shown the greatest relative loss equal to 7. 8% of GDP, followed by Russia with 6. 7%. [10]

Figure 4. The annual loss of manpower due to premature? Deaths from smoking 2014 y. WHO Mortality table shows that adults who die prematurely from smoking in Eurasia, losing an average of 17 years of life. This adds up to 4. 8 million years of life of workers lost due to smoking. [10]

Goal: Identify bias 6 students Course Kaz. NMU Smoking. Tasks: Ø Explore the world and Kazakhstan's review of tobacco smoking; Ø To study the needs of student’s smoking rate Kaz. NMU 6; Ø Create recommendations on tobacco control.

Materials and methods: The study included 50 students 6 Course Kaz. NMU (25 men, 25 women). Inclusion criteria were: the consent of the student to participate in the study; 6 th year student Kaz. NMU. Exclusion criteria were: the lack of informed consent; all students except students of 6 th year Kaz. NMU. All participants completed a questionnaire designed by us , consisting of 17 questions.

Object of study: 6 th grade students of Kaz. NMU they S. D. Asfendiyarov. Methodology: The method of the survey: mixed survey (face to face, via email).

Figure 1. The number of male and female students количество женщин и мужщин women 50% The total number of students was 50, of which 25 (50%) men and 25 (50%) - women.

Figure 3. The number of smokers among men and women smoking students. nonsmokers 48% female smokers 14% Other 52% malе smokers 38% The number of smoking students 52 % higher than the number of non-smokers ; namely, male smokers much 38% than female smokers.

Figure 4. The effect of pictures on cigarette boxes smoking students no effect 8% 6% Yes , immediately quit smoking reduced use of tobacco 86% From the results it appears that the figures on cigarette boxes nicks have no effect on smoking students to quit smoking.

Figure 4. Common causes of smoking among students Smoke as entertainment 19% Cigarettes allow relax 42% Smoking helps me to "think" 38%

Inference of diagram 4 1. Smoking helps to relax the 42%. Smoking gives them a legitimate excuse: stay a little longer after meals-25 %, suspend work for a few minutes-12 %, just sit without doing anything that requires effort-5 %. That's one of the respondents comment on the subject: "After a long school day quietly smoke a cigarette - that's all I can think of. "

Inference of diagram 4 2. Smoking helps me to "think" of 39%. Smoking literally provides a kind of " smoke screen " , which helps not to be distracted. This explains why many people can not think and write without a cigarette. They argue that moderate smoking allows them to focus their attention.

Inference of diagram 4 3. Smoke as entertainment 19%. Smoking is for many of them it becomes a legitimate excuse for a break in the work , when it is possible to snatch a few moments of pleasure. One of those who participated in the survey, explained the situation: "Sometimes you just get tired of constantly work hard. If you sit back and have a cigarette, then a much fresher feel. I do not think I could afford without a cigarette. Cigarettes - it's just an excuse. "

The conclusion of research: In the study, it was found that out of 50 respondents smoke 52% of which 14% are women, 38% were male. This shows that more than half of the students are abusing tobacco namely, tobacco use is common among men. Young students are sure to quit smoking easily. But not everyone is able to get rid of nicotine addiction.

Our solution Provide access to support students quit smoking in the territory Kaz. NMU ; A comprehensive ban on tobacco advertising and promotion of smoking in Kaz. NMU ; All employee Kaz. NMU set goals , so each month conducted interviews with smokers and non smokers by students ; and at the same time to analyze the amount of brosivschih smoking; Conduct all available free tobacco control training at the university and in obschizhitiyah Kaz. NMU ;

Independent work against smoking Have students write each of cigarettes smoked per day by you. Write down the reasons why you should quit smoking. Hang this sheet in a conspicuous place and read it daily. Collect cigarette butts in a jar of water. Keep it in front of your eyes and think about what is going on in your lungs.

Used literatures: [1] http: //www. who. int/fctc/mediacentre/opedsdgs/ru/ [2] http: //www. who. int/fctc/mediacentre/opedsdgs/ru/ [3]http: //www. who. int/tobacco/publications/pregnancy/guidelinestobaccosmokeexpo sure/ru/ [4] http: //www. who. int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs 339/ru/ [5] http: //www. who. int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs 339/ru/ [6] http: //www. who. int/tobacco/ru/ [7] GATS CL 0 BAL ADULT TOBACCO SURVRY [8] GATS CL 0 BAL ADULT TOBACCO SURVRY [9] http: //who. int/tobacco/economics/meetings/ru_eurasia_profile. pdf [10] http: //who. int/tobacco/economics/meetings/ru_eurasia_profile. pdf