Ministry of Education and Sciences of the Republic

Ministry of Education and Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan International Academy of Business College Created by: Zheronkina Ekaterina, Leskovskaya Eleonora, Mityanina Amina Checked by: Amangalieva Gayhar Bisyltanovna Almaty 2012

President president is a leader of an organization, company, club, trade union, university, country, a division or part of any of these, or, more generally, anything else. A

Presidents as head of state Presidents in democratic countries Presidents in countries with a democratic or representative form of government are usually elected for a specified period of time and in some cases may be re-elected by the same process by which they are appointed, i. e. in many nations, periodic popular elections. The powers vested in such presidents vary considerably.

PRESIDENTIAL SYSTEM This is the system most American's are familiar with, because we're the ones who made it popular. It is a type of representative democracy, in which voters pick people to represent them in a legislature to make laws. The President or Executive then chooses how to enforce those laws. In a Presidential system, the voters elect both the President and the Legislature separately. The issue is when the President and Legislature are of different parties. Example countries: United States, Chile, Ghana, Mexico, Brazil, Indonesia "AMERICAN SYSTEM"

SEMI-PRESIDENTIAL SYSTEMS The Semi-Presidential system is a fusion between the Presidential and the Parliamentary system. As such, there are two executives, both a President and a Prime Minister. The President (as well as the legislature) is directly elected by the people and primarily deals with foreign affairs. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and approved by the legislature and primarily deals with domestic affairs. As in the Parliamentary system, the legislature has the power to oust the Prime Minister at any time. Example countries: France, Russia, Taiwan, South Korea "FRENCH SYSTEM"

PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM The Parliamentary system is significantly different than the Presidential system, and was popularized by the British and their empire. As in the Presidential system, voters elect a legislature to represent them. The executive however (usually called the Prime Minister) is not directly elected, instead he is elected by the legislature. Example countries: United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, India, Germany, Japan, Singapore “ENGLISH SYSTEM”

The word presidency is often used to describe the administration or the executive, the collective administrative and governmental entity that exists around an office of president of a state or nation. Although often the executive branch of government, and often personified by a single elected man or woman who holds the office of "President, " in practice, the presidency includes a much larger collective of people, such as chiefs of staff, advisers and other bureaucrats.

American presidency In the United States the Presidency, is headed by the President, who has many roles such as: Chief of State Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces Chief Legislator Chief Diplomat Chief Executive

Brazilian presidency As the head of state, the Brazilian president has key decisions and has many important roles as president which will be explained in this article. One of the key duties the president has is to enforce the laws of the Federative Republic of Brazil. The Brazilian president has veto power over the Legislative and the power to make recommendations for change for any law in the current system. The Brazilian president serves as Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces.

French presidency The French presidency is based on a Semipresidential system where both a President and a Prime Minister are active participants in the day-to-day administration of the state. France's President appoints a Prime Minister who then forms a government. Since the formation of the French Fifth Republic in 1958, France has had a Semipresidential system.

Italian presidency The Italian Presidency is based on a Parliamentary republic system, where both a President and a Prime Minister are active participants in administration of the state, but where the Prime Minister holds the majority of power, while the President remains the nominal head of state. The President is intended to represent national unity and guarantee that Italian politics complies with the Constitution. The President of the Republic gives wide support across all political parties. The President of the Republic appoints Italy’s Prime Minister and accepts advice from the Prime Minister.

Russian presidency According to the Constitution of Russia, the country is a federation and semipresidential republic, wherein the President is the head of state and the Prime Minister is the head of government. The President of the Russian Federation is the head of state, supreme commander-in-chief and holder of the highest office within the Russian Federation.

President of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the head of state, Commander-in-chief and holder of the highest office within the Republic of Kazakhstan. The authorities of this position are described in special section of Constitution of Kazakhstan. The

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