Mineral s Toirov Jamoliddin Mineral Classification

Mineral s Toirov Jamoliddin

Mineral Classification Minerals are classified based on chemical composition and crystal structure. Minerals are made of different ions bonded together. Ions are charged atoms · Cations are positively charged whereas · Anions are negatively charged Common ions in earth's crust: O - most common ion (anion) Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Na, K, Mg, (Cations) Minerals are made mainly of these ions

Physical Properties of Minerals n COLOUR HARDNESS n CLEAVAGE n SPECIFIC GRAVITY n STREAK n CRYSTAL FACES n

Non-metallic mineral Metallic mineral

n Nonmetallic minerals include mining and chemical raw materials (eg, apatite, phosphorite, barite), raw materials for the extraction of industrial minerals (asbestos, mica, graphite, precious and semi-precious stones, etc. ), industrial minerals (clay, sand, granite, etc. . ). Fossil fuels include oil, gases, natural gases, coal, lignite, peat and oil shale. By hydro c minerals are ground (including thermal) of fresh water and mineral water, which may contain I, Br, etc. In thermal waters used in the energy sector. Clay(Глина)

Minerals are solid, liquid and gas, which determines the specificity of their extraction and enrichment. Distinguish between simple and complex minerals. Of the latter, you can get a few components that are used in Norilsk ores extracted type Cu, n So, from the economy. Ni, Co, Pt and platinum elements, Se, Te. Constant improvements in technology led to increased numbers of recoverable mineral elements.

Hardness Refers to "scratchability" or resistance to being scratched. Harder minerals will scratch softer minerals. Geologists rank minerals according to hardness using the Moh's scale Moh's Hardness Scale (Commit this to memory) 1. 0 TALC 2. 0 GYPSUM 2. 5 FINGERNAIL 3. 0 CALCITE 3. 5 COPPER PENNY 4. 0 FLUORITE (Note the spelling!) 5. 0 APATITE 5. 5 STEEL KNIFE BLADE/GLASS PLATE 6. 0 ORTHOCLASE FELDSPAR 7. 0 QUARTZ 8. 0 TOPAZ 9. 0 CORUNDUM (RUBY) 10. 0 DIAMOND

Color Varies in many minerals, e. g. quartz VERY unreliable. Some minerals come in just one color; other are many colors/many varieties. Streak Refers to color of mark left by rubbing mineral against a streak plate (unglazed porcelain). Streak does not vary even if color does. Other Properties Some minerals are magnetic (i. e. , magnetite) Some minerals effervesce ("fizz") in dilute acid (calcite) Specific gravity (like density) galena has a high specific gravity.

Mineral Crystalline structure Cation Silicate Felsic Single chain Sheet silicate Non-silicate Habit Streak Hardness Key Terminology Chemical composition Ions Anion Mafic Silica tetrahedron Double chain Framework silicate Physical properties Luster Cleavage Moh’s Hardness Scale

What makes a mineral a Gemstone? n n There are over two hundred recognised gemstones. Most are minerals and are cut from naturally occurring crystals. To qualify as a gem, the specimen should be hard and tough to resist scratching and have beautiful clarity, colour or 'fire'. Value is based on rarity and rare quality.