Military Satellite Communications MILSATCOM Systems 25 26

Military Satellite Communications (MILSATCOM) Systems 25 – 26 Aug 2005 National Defense Industry Association Michelle Cinlemis HQ AFSPC

Overview • • Roadmap Global Broadcast Service (GBS) Wideband Gapfiller System (WGS) Advanced Extremely High Frequency (AEHF) System Transformational Communications Satellite (TSAT) System Terminals How Can Industry Help Summary HQ AFSPC/DRNM: MILSATCOM Overview for NDIA Aug 2005 August 2005 2

Military Satellite Communications 1960 - 2020 System Development Production Sustainment EHF Protected, Secure Global Information Grid TSAT AEHF Milstar II Milstar I Capacity ~ 4 Mbps Capacity Intersat link ~ 10 Mbps Beam coverage 9 beams X, Ka, Ku Wideband Defense Satellite Communications System “DSCS I” ~ 400 Mbps ~ 60 Mbps 37 beams ~ 40 Mbps ~ 10 Mbps 16 beams WGS DSCS III SLEP DSCS III RF Capacity ~ 3 Gbps Lasercom Capacity ~ 6 Gbps Intersat link ~ 20 Gbps Beam coverage ~ 90+ beams EPS DSCS II ~ 100 Mbps 3 beams ~250 Mbps 5 beams ~100 Mbps 5 beams ~2. 2 Gbps 19 beams ~1. 28 Mbps 3 beams Capacity ~ 1 Mbps Capacity Beam coverage 1 beam 6 19 0 71 19 979 1 82 19 997 1 94 19 995 1 00 20 003 2 01 20 003 2 20 06 08 20 13 20 15 20

Global Broadcast Service Architecture Description Provides worldwide, high-capacity, one-way transmission of video, imagery, and other large data files in support of joint military forces. n GBS packages aboard UFO satellites 8, 9, & 10 (Ka band) plus leased Ku band satellites to support CONUS and European areas GBS Theater Injection Point (TIP) Capabilities Ka and Ku-band Unprotected Comm n 96 Mbps per satellite capacity n 3 Satellite Broadcast Management/ Primary Injection Sites (Norfolk, VA; Sigonella, IT; Wahiawa, HI) n 2 Theater Injection Points – Quick delivery of theater-specific info. n COCOM control – Smart Push & User Pull n 300 + Receive Suites fielded to COCOMs HQ AFSPC/DRNM: MILSATCOM Overview for NDIA Aug 2005 Surface Receive Suites Primary Injection Point (PIP) Ground Receive Suites Sub Surface Receive Suites August 2005 4

GBS Functional Block Diagram Global Broadcast Service (GBS) Space Segment UFO Satellite Control (NAVSOC) UFO Satellites (3) Commercial Ku Payload Single User Data Sources DISN Primary Injection Point (PIP) Ka/Ku Receive Terminal Theater Injection Point (TIP) Locations Vary within Theaters Transmit Suites HQ AFSPC/DRNM: MILSATCOM Overview for NDIA Aug 2005 August 2005 Theater Data Sources Receive Broadcast Manager(s) (RBMs) End User LANS Receive Suite 5

GBS ORD 12 Jan 2005 • GBS ORD Key Performance Parameters • • • 65 N - 65 S worldwide coverage, WGS compatibility Unclassified – TS/SCI dissemination Rx at variable data rates Rx in Ka-band (20. 2 -21. 2 Ghz) & commercial Ku bands Frequent spot beam moves Additional requirements • • Refine Transportable Ground Receive Suite (TGRS) downsize requirements Migration to Internet Protocol v. 6 standards HQ AFSPC/DRNM: MILSATCOM Overview for NDIA Aug 2005 August 2005 6

New Key System Attributes for Current Increment Para # 4. 1. 2. 4. 6 Req. 123 KSA Ground-Mobile Receive Suites 4. 1. 2. 5 Req. 139 Transmit-Receive Suite 4. 1. 2. 4. 8 Req. 124 Man Portable/ Rucksack Portable Receive Suite 4. 5. 5 Req. 42 Automatic queue & priority driven spot beam pointing HQ AFSPC/DRNM: MILSATCOM Overview for NDIA Aug 2005 Threshold Receive Suites able to operate while on-the-move Suite capable of transmitting user’s request for information Man pack Receive Suite suitable for special ops Fully automated broadcast execution, beam pointing, & dynamic BW allocation August 2005 Objective Rationale/ Analytical References Threshold = Objective Satisfies Army requirement for communications on-the-move Threshold = Objective Provide a means for users without other connectivity to request needed information Reduced size and longer battery life Threshold = Objective Provides Special Ops forces a means to receive info via GBS Provide full automation to increase efficiency as the number and location of users continues to grow 7

Wideband Gapfiller System (WGS) Architecture Description Will supplement existing Do. D-owned Wideband SATCOM systems by providing military X and Ka-band communications n 5 planned satellites geo-sync orbit n 3 satellites funded n 2 satellites partially funded n. Augments DSCS and UFO(GBS) constellations WGS AISR Links: Ka-band GBS PIP Ka-band RF Links to ground Capabilities X and Ka-band Unprotected Comm n 2. 2 Gbps per satellite capacity n 1 WGS has throughput of entire DSCS constellation n Crossbands between X and Ka n Supports AISR requirements n 137 Mbs throughput, sat’s 1/2/3 n 274 Mbs throughput, sat’s 4/5 HQ AFSPC/DRNM: MILSATCOM Overview for NDIA Aug 2005 Theater Users: X-band Theater Users: Ka-band August 2005 Enemy Locations 8

WGS Key Performance Parameters • • • 65 N - 65 S 24 Hour Coverage 1. 2 Gbps Minimum Throughput Control Capabilities X & Ka-band Capable GBS Compatibility HQ AFSPC/DRNM: MILSATCOM Overview for NDIA Aug 2005 August 2005 9

Advanced EHF (AEHF) Description Architecture n. Provide secure, survivable anti-jam, anti-scintillation communications for strategic and tactical users n 24 -hour low, medium, and high data rate satellite n Assured mission-critical strategic networks n. Successor to Milstar with greater capacity – backward compatible with Milstar terminals AEHF Worldwide Protected Connectivity Nuclear Protection AEHF Anti-Jam Protection Supporting Critical C 2 Capabilities n Survivable comm up to 19. 2 Kbps n Protected comm up to 8 Mbps n Coverage: Global +/- 65 o latitude Fixed Users n Capacity: 430 Mbps per satellite Geographically Concentrated Users n 3 Satellites, plus TSAT n International Partners (UK, Canada, Battle Groups Mobile Users The Netherlands) n IOC 2010 – FOC 2013 HQ AFSPC/DRNM: MILSATCOM Overview for NDIA Aug 2005 Special Operations August 2005 Dispersed Users 10

What Changes Between Now & 2010: Why the 10 fold increase? Army Today Army 2010 Maneuver Limited by LOS Battlefield Digitization -5000 Cptrs 300 Digital Systems/Division EHF links BLOS Enclaves EHF Need: 30 Mbps/Corps New Digitally Integrated Wpns EHF Need - 220 Mbps/Corps Navy Today Navy 2010 “Maneuver” Limited by LOS EHF Links BLOS 200 Digital Systems/BG & ARG 2500 Digital Systems/ BG & ARG Comm. Vulnerable in Littorals Need Some Protected Comm EHF Need: 11. 6 Mbps/SG-ESG EHF Need - 18 Mbps/SG-ESG Air Force Today Air Force 2010 EHF focused on Strategic Increases JFACC’s ability to No AJ Comm. over Deep Targets control Air Assets RT Enroute targeting limited by LOS Supports Time Critical Targets EHF Need: 0. 552 Mbps EHF Need: 40. 25 Mbps/ MTW Milstar Throughput : 40 Mbps AEHF Throughput: 430 Mbps

Meeting Access 3 March 2005 – TSAT QPMR TL SB TN SL PS TR General Access (GN) Source Selection Sensitive Other Company Proprietary HQ AFSPC/DRNM: MILSATCOM Overview for NDIA Aug 2005 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY August 2005 12

Transformational Communications Satellite (TSAT) System Army Future Force Navy Sea. Power 21 AF Air Expeditionary Force Navy Sea. Power 21 Future Force “space to Mud” Army Future Force AF Air Expeditionary Force Future Force “Factory to Foxhole” TSAT Supports Service Vision • • Real Time Connectivity of ALL GIG Assets (Sensor to Shooter) Worldwide Persistent Connectivity of High/Low Resolution ISR Assets Communications On The Move to Small Highly Mobile Units Survivable communications for Strategic Forces and Homeland Defense TSAT is critical for current & future Do. D force structures ISR: Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance GIG: Global Information Grid HQ AFSPC/DRNM: MILSATCOM Overview for NDIA Aug 2005 August 2005 13

TSAT: Space Component of the GIG infrastructure HQ AFSPC/DRNM: MILSATCOM Overview for NDIA Aug 2005 August 2005 14

Transformational Communications Architecture Space Segment MUOS AEHF Commercial TSAT IC WGS User Terminal Segment AISR Ground stations/ Teleports TSAT Mission Operations System (TMOS) Terrestrial Segment User Terminals Gateways/ Ground stations Deployed Networks Backbone & User Networks Deployed Networks Power to the Edge HQ AFSPC/DRNM: MILSATCOM Overview for NDIA Aug 2005 August 2005 15

TSAT User Support - - space-based transport layer of the GIG Space Segment AEHF LC Users: RF Users (8, 000 Simultaneous links) Strategic SISR Five Satellite Constellation Tactical Users AISR COTM T 1 to a 1’ Antenna AISR (U-2/GH, Predator, MC 2 A) Ground Segment Satellite Operations Gateways Network Management SISR Legend Terrestrial Infrastructure: DOD, NASA, and IC RF Links Optical Links Flexible Secure Network HQ AFSPC/DRNM: MILSATCOM Overview for NDIA Aug 2005 August 2005 16

TSAT Brings Increased Capability 1994 MS I 2001 Milstar II 2007 AEHF 1. 02 hr 5. 7 sec 1. 07 sec <1 sec 22. 2 hr 2 min 24 sec <1 sec (120 Mbytes) SR* (1 Gbytes) 110 hr 880 hr 12 min 88 min 2 min 17 min <1 sec Comm On The Move*/*** No Service** 1, 500 Links 1’ antenna 1. 5 Mbps SATCOM EHF MDR EHF LDR Air Tasking Order 1. 1 Mbytes Visible Image* 8 x 10 image 24 Mbytes Radar Image Global Hawk* EHF XDR * Terminal Developments Required ** AEHF will close ~140 links/sat @ 32 Kbps to a 1’ antenna ***The TSAT CDD defines COTM as providing 0. 256 – 1. 5 Mbps to a 1’ antenna 2012 TSAT EHF XDR+ Internet-like Connectivity Facilitates Shorter Kill Chain HQ AFSPC/DRNM: MILSATCOM Overview for NDIA Aug 2005 August 2005 17

TSAT Mission Operations Focus on User Needs Level 1 - Oversight TC Service Providers Forum Quarterly UCCs, Users & Other Stakeholders Adjudication A TSAT Operations Management Centers Daily, Hourly, & by Minute Level 3 - Execution Daily, & up to Real Time TSAT Satellite Operations Centers Robust, Survivable, Self-healing, Standards-based, Dynamic, Networked! NOC Satellite Platforms (Bus) HQ AFSPC/DRNM: MILSATCOM Overview for NDIA Aug 2005 SATOPS COP/SA & PBNM Global NETOPS Center & Other PB NM Level 2 - Management /S OP C TSAT System & Network Management Centers Teleports & Payload Earth Gateways Components Terminals System & Network Elements August 2005 Mobile TSOE/TMOS Capability 18

TSAT Supports SATCOM Terminal Evolution Goal: Close a T 1 link to a 1 - 1 1/2 foot antenna by 2012 Based on Spring 2004 NS 4 R (PB 05 terminal fielding data) Enables mobile, smaller terminals -- comms on the move -- HQ AFSPC/DRNM: MILSATCOM Overview for NDIA Aug 2005 August 2005 19

TSAT Status • • • 20 Jan 2004 – Defense Space Acquisition Board for Key Decision Point B 21 Jan 2004 – TSAT Capabilities Development Document (CDD) Mar 2004 – Began Cost As an Independent Variable activities (ongoing) Sep 2004 – TSAT Independent Program Assessment Oct 2004 – Began TSAT CDD Update (ongoing) 22 Oct 2004 – TSAT Interim Program Review April 2005 – TSAT CONOPS May 2005 – TMOS RFP release June 2005 – Interim Space Segment Design Review HQ AFSPC/DRNM: MILSATCOM Overview for NDIA Aug 2005 August 2005 20

Terminals HQ AFSPC/DRNM: MILSATCOM Overview for NDIA Aug 2005 August 2005 21

Family of Advanced Beyond “Line-of-Sight” Terminal Program Facts § Provides connectivity to protected and wideband satellite § § § § Program Mission Description § § § x x Program Status Develops an architecture to support the family of satellite communications terminals for airborne, ground-fixed & ground transportable applications. First increment will provide EHF capability. Terminals will be developed for multiple aircraft beginning with bomber fleet (B-2 & B-52) and the RC-135 aircraft AEHF capabilities will be added to existing Milstar CPTs HDR-RF Air provides additional SATCOM capabilities for operation Wideband Gapfiller Satellites (WGS) and Transformational satellites (TSATs) AMCAS provides users the capability to simultaneously operate with multiple satellites Agile Combat Spt x Global Strike x Space & C 4 ISR v. MFP HQ AFSPC/DRNM: MILSATCOM Overview for NDIA Aug 2005 systems Will develop a “Family of Terminals” – various configurations, each adapted to specific roles & missions High capacity for data, imagery, & video Provides only survivable (through all levels of conflict) two -way BLOS communications Allows receipt of EAMs and FDMs & transmission of report -back messages Upgrades all current Milstar CPTs to AEHF capability Interoperable with all EHF terminals and satellites Replaces current UHF Systems on B-2, B-52 & RC-135 § Phase: System Development & Demonstration § Contractor: Boeing Anaheim CA (Awarded Sep 2002) § Next Milestones: PDR – Oct 05, CDR Dec 05 § IOC: FY 10 (Increment 1), FY 11 (Increment 2 a) § FOC: FY 12 (Increment 1), FY 17 (Increment 2 a) x x Global Mobility Nuclear Response August 2005 x x Global Persistent Attack Homeland Security 22

MILSATCOM Overview System of Systems Schedule FY Wideband – 5 primary DSCS – 3 GBS packages on UFO + commercial – 5 WGS (also include GBS capability) 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 17 WGS (Wideband Gapfiller System) FY 09 Feb 07 Mar 06 FY 10 Sep 06 IOC = FY 07 / FOC = FY 12 TSAT (Transformational Satellite Communications System) Mar 13 Milstar Mar 15 Mar 16 Mar 17 Mar 14 IOC = FY 16 / FOC = FY 19 AEHF (Advanced EHF) Interim Polar (Hosted LDR) Apr 10 Apr 09 Apr 08 IOC = FY 10 / FOC = FY 13 Enhanced Polar (Hosted XDR) FY 05 FY 07 UFO (UHF Follow On) FY 13 FY 15 MUOS (Mobile User Objective System) – 11 Navy UFO – 5 Navy MUOS Jun 05 16 GBS (Global Broadcast Service) – 5 Milstar – 3 Advanced EHF Narrowband 15 DSCS (Defense Satellite Communications System) – 5 TSAT for protected and wideband – Also lasercom and onboard Internet-like networking – 3 Interim polar – 2 Enhanced polar 14 Time now Transformational Protected 13 Sep 09 Launch Available Sep 10 Sep 11 Sep 12 On-orbit spare Bar thickness ~ indicates relative capacity (within, but not between, the 4 categories)

How Can Industry Help? n Sub-Contractor Management n Shared Destiny n Interoperability with allies/coalition partners n Information Assurance n Self Policing n Parts Reliability n Requirements Definition n Engineering Models n Sustainment Costs n Integrated Space Capabilities

Sub-Contractor Management n More work being done by sub-contractors, with prime contractor oversight n Many times includes a significant part of integration, testing and certification n Trend appears to be cost-driven and depends on the existence of the space “brain trust” at the subs n How does industry assess the existence and extent of necessary expertise resident in their subs? n How does industry determine how much oversight each sub needs? n How is this oversight coordinated among subs of differing levels of expertise to ensure consistent quality of product and process?

Shared Destiny & Interoperability n What does industry think of “shared destiny” award fees? n The government has begun to use various “shared destiny” award fee concepts where a portion of a company’s award fee is dependent on the overall performance of a group of contractors n Interoperability with allies/coalition partners n Interoperability with allies and coalition partners a major goal of the Do. D n Do. D is exploring the use of shared technology and cooperative developments to achieve its goals n What concerns does industry have about sharing technology with international partners? n What suggestions does industry have on ways to achieve this without losing competitive advantage?

Information Assurance (IA) n Does industry have suggestions on how emerging IA issues can or should be incorporated into existing developments? n IA policy sometimes lags the need for implementation of certain measures, which means the corrections have not been foreseen or budgeted. How is this problem overcome in industry?

Other Thoughts for Industry n Self Policing n Industry needs to be good at self policing (quality, manufacturing, engineering, finance, etc) – n Industry functionals must ensure programs are adhering to company practices and set up early indicators of process escapes n Parts Miniaturization n As parts continue to be miniaturized, industry needs to identify ways to improve the government’s confidence in parts reliability n With software, need to take requirements definition down to a lower level than with hardware

Other Thoughts for Industry (Con’t) n Make greater use of high-fidelity engineering models to prove out functionality, intergration and layout n Sustainment costs are unbearable -- industry needs to come up with smart ideas to reduce the cost of sustainment n Industry needs to help the government develop opportunities to fuse both existing and future systems into integrated space capabilities.

Summary • Worldwide LDR (0. 002 Mbps/link) available through 2017 • Worldwide MDR (1. 5 Mbps/link) available through 2017 • Worldwide X band available through 2016 • XDR (8 Mbps/link) available 2009 with AEHF SV 2 • GBS available through 2020 • Terminals migrating to Joint Family of Terminals • TSAT delivers unprecedented net-centricity to the warfighter Warfighter Needs Integrated/Transformational SATCOM Capabilities HQ AFSPC/DRNM: MILSATCOM Overview for NDIA Aug 2005 August 2005 30