Micro. Loan Foundation Improving poverty outreach through buy-in and operational change Daniella Hawkins SPTF webinar 13 th December 2011
Webinar agenda Introduction to Micro. Loan Foundation Social Performance Assessment Achieving management buy-in Achieving institutional capacity Achieving institutional change Q&A
Introducing Micro. Loan Foundation • Aims to significantly reduce poverty in rural communities in sub. Saharan Africa through the provision of loans, training and through facilitated access to savings. • Distributing loans to 27, 000 women per year, mainly in Malawi but also in Zambia. • Provides mostly group-based business and agricultural loans. • Training provided in group solidarity, business management and Micro. Loan processes. • Separate arm of Micro. Loan called Micro. Ventures provides training and individual loans to add value to businesses and help develop longer-term businesses.
Ensuring operations meet the social mission The steps required: 1. 2. 3. 4. Social performance assessment Achieving management buy-in Achieving institutional capacity Achieving institutional change
Webinar agenda Introduction to Micro. Loan Foundation Social Performance Assessment Achieving management buy-in Achieving institutional capacity Achieving institutional change Q&A
Social performance assessment • The role of social performance assessment in relation to poverty outreach improvement • Areas for improvement: o Clarify who target clients are and why potential clients are excluded o Ensure new client profile data integrated into MIS o Carry out periodic surveys to collect poverty data o More actively focus on including the very poor
Webinar agenda Introduction to Micro. Loan Foundation Social Performance Assessment Achieving management buy-in Achieving institutional capacity Achieving institutional change Q&A
Management buy-in • Step 1: Collection of compelling data • Step 2: Presentation of data to management • Step 3: Management engage with data
Management buy-in Step 1 • Purpose: Collection of compelling quantitative data to understand who Micro. Loan clients are and who is being excluded • Tool used: Grameen Foundation’s Progress out of Poverty Index (PPI) for Malawi • Process: field testing the Malawi PPI, testing operationalisation issues
Management buy-in Step 2: Presentation of data to management Poverty status of new Standard Loan clients compared to national Malawi average 100. 0% 85. 9% 90. 0% 80. 0% 90. 0% 74. 0% 70. 0% 60. 0% 53. 5% New Standard loan clients 50. 0% National poverty average 40. 0% 30. 0% 20. 0% 10. 0% Likelihood of being below the $1. 25/day poverty line Data as on 19/10/10. New clients sample size: 353. National poverty statistics: Likelihood of being below the $2. 50/day poverty line UNDP 2000 -07
Management buy-in Step 3: Management engage with data Barriers Organisational culture and staff incentives Lack of recognition at management level that significant number of potential clients are excluded from accessing Micro. Loan’s services. Lack of management data of profile of clients reached (including poverty level). Loan staff belief that the poor are ‘too difficult’ to reach due to their rural location. Loan staff belief that the poor are not able to repay reliably. Loan staff incentives based on portfolio size, making larger loans for the less poor more likely. Management concern that Micro. Loan’s financial sustainability and increased poverty outreach are incompatible. Proposed solutions Addressed through management workshops and collection of PPI data. Improved poverty data collection and assimilation of data reporting into management decision making. Train loan staff in Micro. Loan’s social mission and ways of improving outreach. Demonstrate that the poorest are able to pay reliably via new product (see ‘Product design’ section below). Amend loan staff incentives to ensure that staff financial targets do not work counter to Micro. Loan’s social mission. Increased poverty outreach increases opportunity for client graduation to other products over time to increase interest income.
Management buy-in Product design (of Standard Loan product) The minimum loan amount of K 6, 000 (approx. $40) may be inaccessible to the poorest. Pilot a new product aimed at the poorest with no/very small minimum loan size. The compulsory savings requirement to access a loan may not be feasible for the poorest. Pilot a new product aimed at the poorest which does not have a requirement for savings to access a loan. One group per community policy reduces the opportunity for initially risk-averse poorer community members joining the group over time. Situate the new product aimed at the poorest in communities where Standard Loan group already exists to enable initially risk-averse community members to access loans and to enable groups to meet together for mentoring support. Client self-exclusion The poorest are more risk-averse and therefore less likely to attend Micro. Loan’s introductory community meetings when setting up a new group. The poorest lack confidence and feel unable to service a loan. The new product aimed at the poorest to be piloted should approach client targeting differently including more actively using the village headman/women to identify the poorest in his/her community. The new product aimed at the poorest to be piloted should build client confidence with additional mentoring support, and allow confidence and skills to grow over a period of a number of loan cycles before graduation to the Standard Loan.
Webinar agenda Introduction to Micro. Loan Foundation Social Performance Assessment Achieving management buy-in Achieving institutional capacity Achieving institutional change Q&A
Achieving institutional capacity • • • SPM Champion o Initiated management buy-in o Oversees SPM activity SPM Officer o Undertakes day-to-day SPM activity including managing poverty outreach programme o Reports direct to Operations Manager SPM data entry officer o Enters PPI data
Webinar agenda Introduction to Micro. Loan Foundation Social Performance Assessment Achieving management buy-in Achieving institutional capacity Achieving institutional change Q&A
Operationalizing client poverty assessment • Good quality client profile data to be available for informed management decision making. • Integration into operations and management systems • Integration into information systems and reporting
Enhancing staff attitudes and organisational culture • Loan staff workshops • Branch meeting guidelines • Improved reporting structures • Amended staff incentives
Adapting products to meet clients’ needs • Pilot taskforce to feed into pilot development • Development of a new product aimed at the poorest o ‘Chiyambi’ meaning ‘Beginning’ in Chichewa o Product design changes
Poverty status of new Standard Loan clients compared to Chiyambi Loan clients and national Malawi average 120. 0% 95. 7% 100. 0% 85. 1% 80. 0% 60. 0% 74. 6% 90. 0% 74. 0% New Standard loan clients 51. 7% New Chiyambi loan clients National poverty average 40. 0% 20. 0% Likelihood of being below the $1. 25/day poverty line Likelihood of being below the $2. 50/day poverty line Data as on 15/3/11. Standard sample size: 1, 177, Chiyambi sample size: 112. National poverty statistics: UNDP 2000 -07
Summary of resources required Resource Staffing Number of days required SPM Consultant 1 week plus follow up support SPM Champion 10 days per month for minimum 6 months Operations Manager 25 days for workshop, reporting and accountability, and new product development, plus 1 day per month monitoring SPM Officer 4 days for workshop plus 9. 5 days per month for operationalizing poverty assessment and new product development SPM data entry officer 11 days per month Regional Managers 2 days for reporting and accountability Branch Managers 2 days for reporting and accountability plus 1 day per month if involved in pilots Pilot taskforce Chair 2 days per month Pilot taskforce 1 day per month Other resources Monitoring costs, workshop and meeting costs, incentive cash prizes
Webinar agenda Introduction to Micro. Loan Foundation Social Performance Assessment Achieving management buy-in Achieving institutional capacity Achieving institutional change Q&A
Thank you! Any questions? daniella. hawkins@microloanfoundation. org. uk www. microloanfoundation. org. uk
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