Metro Ethernet L 2 L 3 Architectures

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Agenda Æ Market Dynamics Æ Infrastructure & Technology Options Æ Standards Æ Metro Ethernet Control Planes Æ Metro Ethernet Services Æ Summary

The Service Provider Transport Network Architecture Control Planes and Network Management Integration SP Latin America • • Metro Network Connects Customers to Services DSL Fixed Wireless Frame Relay ATM Leased Lines Cable Ethernet Core Routing Access Edge Routing Service POP Grooming Customer Network The Services Bandwidth Barrier Core Transport Interconnects Po. Ps Service Adaptation and Packet Switching Packet Services: • SDH • DWDM • IP/RPR • Gig Ethernet © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. • • VPNs • Web Hosting Qo. S • Voice over Packet App Hosting • Packet Transport Content Hosting • SDH • Mesh • DWDM • IP/MPLS POS 3

Issues Facing Subscribers and Network Operators in the First Mile Subscribers: Business and Residential • • Access is still slow Too much hand-holding, provisioning takes days Few bandwidth options: kilobit, E 1, or E 3, nothing in between If there is no service, subscribers don’t need higher bandwidth Network Operators • • Basic net structure is TDM and 64 k bandwidth increments Need flexible bandwidth, just-in-time provisioning Multiple types of NEs Need to support new services, generate revenue SP Latin America © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 4

Economic and Standard Driver Cost of delivering bandwidth • LAN applications • MAN applications • WAN applications Souce: BCR Sept, 2000 by Peter Sevcik, Net. Forecast, Waltham, MA SP Latin America © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 5

End Customer Benefits from 1 M to 100 M Two Network Infrastructure Changes; Two Customer Equip Interface Changes Legacy TDM • Flexibility & Choice ÆWide choice of bandwidths ÆPay for what you need Ethernet ÆKeep your equipment and change bandwidth One Network Infrastructure Change One Customer Equip Interface Change SP Latin America © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 6

Agenda Æ Market Dynamics Æ Infrastructure & Technology Options Æ Standards Æ Metro Ethernet Control Planes Æ Metro Ethernet Services Æ Summary

Traditional Metro Infrastructure Pre-Internet STM-16 Backbone Ring Transit Switch Digital Cross Connect Business Ring Local Switch Metropolitan Ring STM-1 STM-4 Local Switch SP Latin America © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 9

Traditional Metro Infrastructure Internet Era STM-16 Backbone Ring Digital Cross Connect Business Ring STM-1 SP Latin America © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Metropolitan Ring STM-4 10

Traditional Metro Infrastructure Issues • Rigid Bandwidth Hierarchy • No Statistical Multiplexing • No Burst Support • No L 2 and L 3 Integration • No Multicast Support • No Qo. S SP Latin America © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 11

Next Generation SDH Infrastructure Option STM-16 Next. Gen SDH Backbone Network Backbone Ring Digital Cross Connect Business Ring Metropolitan Ring STM-1/4/16/64 Metropolitan Ring STM-4 STM-1 SP Latin America STM-1/4/16/64 Business Ring © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 12

Metro Ethernet Infrastructure Option New Metro Ethernet Networks OC-48 Regional Ring OC-48 Vo. IP Gateway Video/IP Server OC-48 Data 3/1 Digital Cross Connect OC-3 OC-12 Regional Metro Eth Access Ring OC-12 Voice/TDM OC-48 Regional Ring th E ro s et ces Ac OC-48 M Existing Networks for Voice Growth Me Ac tro ce Eth ss OC-3 Access Ring OC-48 3/1 Digital Cross Connect OC-3 Access Ring OC 3 SP Latin America OC-12 Access OC-12 Ring OC-12 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 13

Two Technology Options • Option 1: Ethernet Transport/Backhaul • Option 2: RPR Transport/Backhaul • Both provide Ethernet customer facing interfaces (UNI) SP Latin America © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 14

Metro Access with EFM/ETTX Alternative Ethernet Transport/Backhaul OSP CO Vide o Vo. IP 1000 BASE-LX 100 BASE-FX ONT 1000 BASE-X Dat a CPE SM or MM fiber 1000 BASE-LX 100 BASE-FX Cat 5 Gateway PC TV ONT Residential Business Vid PC PC PC 1 Gbps < 10 km 100 Mbps < 2 km OSP= Outside plant SP Latin America © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 100 Mbps < 100 m ONT= Optical network terminator 15

Metro Access with EFM/ETTX Alternative Ethernet Transport/Backhaul POP/HUB Access Aggregation Layer Subtended Ring Customer Access Layer SP Latin America GE Hub&Spoke © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. GE Rings 16

The RPR (Resilient Packet Ring) Alternative Powered by Dynamic Packet Transport Regional Metro IP s es cc A IP o r et M M et ro IP A cc es s • Dynamic Packet Transport (DPT), the marketleading Resilient Packet Ring (RPR) IEEE 802. 17 solution • Based on the Cisco-developed Spatial Reuse Protocol (SRP) – RFC 2892 SP Latin America © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 17

The RPR (Resilient Packet Ring) Alternative Reliable IP/MPLS-aware Optical Transport Regional Metro IP s es cc A IP o r et M M et ro IP A cc es s • Flexible architectures: Optical rings and stars, SRP/node re-ordering • Carrier-class reliability: <50 ms recovery; IPS/L 2 Path Restoration • Multi-layer Awareness: L 1(optical monitoring); L 2 (SRP stats); L 3 (IP Statistics) • Plug-and-Play operation: DPT features (topology discovery/ adds); Ethernet subscriber interfaces • STM 4, STM 16 speeds, doubled, 1 Gbps, 5 Gbps SP Latin America © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 18

The RPR Ring Packet Flow Ring B O-Tx MAC I-Rx L 3 I-Tx I-Rx I-Tx O-Rx Ring B L 3 MAC Ring A SRP-LC Ring A O-Rx MAC O-Rx O-Tx SRP-LC Ring A MAC L 3 I-Tx I-Rx MAC SRP-LC SP Latin America Ring B MAC O-Rx Ring A © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. O-Tx Ring B SRP-LC 19

L 3 Switching Hi Priority Lo Priority Rx Queue Hi Priority Lo Priority The RPR Node Packet Flow Tx Queue Transit Buffer Hi Priority Lo Priority O-Rx SP Latin America O-Tx Hi Priority Lo Priority I-Rx Transit Buffer SRP MAC I-Tx Ring A SRP MAC Ring B © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 20

The RPR Multicasting Support Source • Packet flow ÆSourced onto ring with multicast bit set GSR Cisco 75 XX ÆReceived by appropriate routers on ring Cisco 75 XX ÆStripped from ring by source GSR Cisco 75 XX SP Latin America © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 21

Metro IP/Ethernet Architecture Optimize the Metro Optical Infrastructure IP over ATM B-ISDN IP over SONET/SDH IP over Optical Multiplexing, Protection, and Management at Every Layer IP ATM IP IP SONET/SDH ATM SONET/SDH IP Optical IP-aware Optical Lower Cost, Complexity, and Overhead SP Latin America © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 22

Agenda Æ Market Dynamics Æ Infrastructure & Technology Options Æ Standards Æ Metro Ethernet Control Planes Æ Metro Ethernet Services Æ Summary

Resilient Packet Ring (RPR) Standards January 2002 IEEE 802. 17 Proceedings—The Darwin Proposal • A new proposal-Darwin, was presented and is based on Cisco developed SRP technology (IETF informational RFC 2892). It retains the features and benefits of SRP with the addition of enhancements for broader industry application. It continues work that was published as the Gandalf proposal. • Darwin was proposed as the basis for the first working group draft. • The Darwin proposal has support from over 20 companies http: //www. ieee 802. org/17/documents. htm SP Latin America © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 24

Resilient Packet Ring (RPR) Standards IEEE 802. 17 Working Group Timeline • As found in http: //www. rpralliance. org/articles/Timeline. pdf ÆNov 2001 – Proposal Draft ÆJan 2002 – First draft ÆMar 2002 – Last Addition to draft ÆJul 2002 – Working Group Ballot ÆSep 2002 – Last technical change ÆNov 2002 – IEEE 802 Sponsor ballot ÆMar 2003 - Standard SP Latin America © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 25

IEEE 802. 3 ah EFM Standards Layer Diagram Media Access Control (MAC) Full Duplex Ethernet Media Independent Interface (MII) optional 1000 BASE-X PHY Eo. VDSL PHY EPON PHY Optical PMD Copper PMD Optical PMD http: //grouper. ieee. org/groups/802/3/efm/public/index. html SP Latin America © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 26

IEEE 802. 3 ah EFM Standards Prospective Schedule for IEEE 802. 3 ah Task Force 2000 EFM SG Formed 2001 2002 LMSC Ballot PAR Drafted PAR Approved 2003 802. 3 ah Formed Working Group Ballot Standard • EFM SG (Ethernet in the First Mile Speed Study Group) • PAR (Project Authorization Request) • 802. 3 ah—the name of the project and the name of the sub-committee of IEEE 802. 3 chartered with writing the Ethernet in the first mile standard SP Latin America © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 27

Agenda Æ Market Dynamics Æ Infrastructure & Technology Options Æ Standards Æ Metro Ethernet Control Planes Æ Metro Ethernet Services Æ Summary

Control Plane And Data Plane • Network functions separated into 2 planes • Control Plane ÆRouting protocols, creates FIBs ÆBuilds adjancey tables ÆWhat the Processor does • Data Plane ÆForwards packets ÆHigh Speed ASICSs ÆFIB tables installed SP Latin America © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 29

Metro Ethernet Planes Diff (Co. S) Services TLS (L 2 VPN) Internet Access IP VPN (L 3 VPN) Packet Telephony IEEE 802. 1 Q Spanning Tree Protocol SP Latin America © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 30

Flat Metro Ethernet Switching System Transparent LAN Svc UNI 802. 1 Qin. Q/STP Control Plane 3550 Metro Network Gb. E Enterprise Campus B SP Latin America 3550 10/100 Mbit Ethernet 4000* © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. UNI Enterprise Campus C Gb. E 4000* 3550 31

Metro Ethernet Planes => Scalability Diff (Co. S) Services Internet Access TLS (L 2 VPN) IP VPN (L 3 VPN) Packet Telephony IEEE 802. 1 q / UTI/Eo. MPLS / MPLS VPN Spanning Tree Protocol & IP/MPLS SP Latin America © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 32

Scalable Metro Ethernet Switching System Directed VLAN Svc Eo. MPLS Control Plane 802. 1 qinq Tag IP VPN Service Ethernet VC Svc 802. 1 qinq Tag MPLS Control Plane Eo. MPLS Control Plane 802. 1 q Tag UNI 3550/ 802. 1 q Tag 3550/ 4000 GE GE Enterprise Campus Metro Network 3550/ 4000 7600 MPLSenabled Network GE 3550/ 4000 Metro Network 7600 GE 12000 Enterprise Campus GE UNI SP Latin America © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 33

Metro IP/Ethernet (RPR) Planes Diff (Co. S) Services Internet Access TLS (L 2 VPN) IP VPN (L 3 VPN) Packet Telephony IP / UTI/L 2 TPv 3 / Eo. MPLS / MPLS VPN IEEE 802. 17 RPR SP Latin America © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 34

Metro IP (RPR) System Ethernet Access Ethernet VC Svc IP VPN Svc IP Service Eo. MPLS or L 2 TPv 3 CP MPLS Control Plane IP Control Plane DPT/RPR 10720/ UNI 7600 SP Latin America © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 12000 35

Hybrid Metro IP/Metro Ethernet Switching Eo. MPLS or L 2 TPv 3 CP MPLS Control Plane IP Control Plane Ethernet VC Svc IP VPN Svc IP Service UNI 802. 1 q Tag 3550/4000 GE Enterprise Campus SP Latin America 3550/ 4000 DPT/RPR 12000 10720/7600 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 36

Discussion (1) • TLS is required when customers have a need to interconnect individual L 2 networks to form a single flat L 2 network where connectivity is controlled by the Spanning Tree Protocol • TLS assumes L 2 capabilities in SP network which can lead to scalability problems there Æparticipation of SP switches in STP (performance, stability) Æincrease of number of hops (customer has to add number of hops in SP network to those in his own network to check whether requirements of max. 7 for STP are still met) Æknowledge of customers‘ MAC addresses by SP switches (number potentially huge!) • SPs should thoroughly understand their customers‘ real needs, i. e. , find out whether they really need TLS, or whether EVCS would be better suited (sometimes TLS is falsely used as a synonym for all the Ethernet-based approaches presented) SP Latin America © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 37

Ethernet Transparent LAN Service – 802. 1 Qin. Q Access (L 2) 802. 1 Qin. Q Core (L 2) 802. 1 Q Access (L 2) 802. 1 Qin. Q Enterprise Site B Enterprise Site A 802. 1 Qin. Q L 2 Ethernet Enterprise Site C Enterprise Site D 802. 1 Q Trunks to Customer Defined VLANS 802. 1 Qin. Q To the Enterprise this network look like a shared flat earth 802. 1 Q Ethernet Domain A SP Latin America © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. B C D 38

Discussion (2) • Enterprise networks are typically built using routers between (small) L 2 segments (e. g. spanning a floor of a building) • Interconnection of enterprise sites virtually always uses gateway routers into the SP network => EVCS is most appropriate L 2 service to interconnect enterprise sites • EVCS can be provided using Eo. MPLS or L 2 TPv 3 mechanisms across a L 3 network, thus avoiding scalability problems inherent to L 2 networks in SP environment • Ethernet Service is not necessarily LAN Emulation SP Latin America © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 39

Ethernet Virtual Circuit – Eo. MPLS Access (L 2) Ethernet Core MPLS Access (L 2) Ethernet MPLS PE MPLS 10/100/Gigabit Ethernet Circuit Eo. MPLS Tunnel in Core Enterprise Campus A Enterprise Campus B Ethernet Mapped Circuit To the Enterprise this network is a pair of Pt to Pt 10/100/Gbit/s Bridged Ethernet Links A SP Latin America © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. B 40

Ethernet Virtual Circuit – L 2 TPv 3 (UTI) Access (L 2) Ethernet Core IP Access (L 2) Ethernet IP 10/100/Gigabit Ethernet Circuit IP Tunnel in Core Enterprise Campus A Enterprise Campus B Ethernet Mapped Circuit To the Enterprise this network is a pair of Pt to Pt 10/100/Gbit/s Bridged Ethernet Links A SP Latin America © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. B 41

Layer-2 Transport across MPLS • Two relevant drafts by Luca Martini Ædraft-martini-l 2 circuit-trans-mpls Ædescribes label distribution mechanisms for VC labels Ædraft-martini-l 2 circuit-encap-mpls Ædescribes emulated VC encapsulation mechanisms • Relevant for the transport of FR, ATM AAL 5, ATM cell, Ethernet (Port Trunking), Ethernet 802. 1 q (VLAN), POS, TDM, Cisco HDLC & PPP protocol data units Æacross SP Latin America either an MPLS or an IP backbone © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 42

Virtual Circuit FEC Element 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 VC TLV (0 x 80) C VC-type VC info length Group ID VC ID Interface Parameters C: Control Word (1 bit) – Control word present if bit set VC-type (15 bits) - Type of VC e. g FR, ATM, VLAN, Ethernet, PPP, HDLC VC info length (8 bits) – Length of VCID field and interface parameters Group ID (32 bits) – Represents a groups of VCs. Can be used for mass label withdrawal VC ID (32 bits) – Connection identifier used in conjunction with the VC-type to identify a particular VC Interface Parameters (Variable) – Edge facing interface parameters, such as MTU SP Latin America © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 43

Layer-2 Transport Control Word 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 Tunnel Label (LDP or RSVP) VC Label Control Word Rsvd EXP 0 TTL VC Label (VC) Tunnel Label EXP 1 TTL (set to 2) Flags 0 0 Length Sequence number Layer-2 PDU • When transporting layer-2 protocols over an IP or MPLS backbone: The sequence of the packets may need to be preserved; Small packets may need to be padded if the minimum MTU of the medium is larger than actual packet size; Control bits carried in header of Layer-2 frame may need to be transported SP Latin America © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 44

Transport of Ethernet over MPLS • Three main requirements for transport of Ethernet frames Æ802. 1 q VLAN to 802. 1 q VLAN transport; Æ802. 1 q VLAN port to port transport; ÆEthernet port to port transport • 802. 1 q VLAN to VLAN transport ÆVC-type 0 x 0004 within draft-martini-l 2 circuit-trans-mpls; ÆVC-type 0 x 0005 port-to-port Ethernet trunking & port-to-port SP Latin America © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 45

Ethernet 802. 1 q VLAN Transport MPLS VLAN 41 PE 1 1. 0. 0. 4 VLAN 56 Customer Site PE 1 1. 0. 0. 8 VLAN 41 VLAN 56 Customer Site 802. 1 q to 802. 1 q VLAN Transport SP Latin America © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 46

Eo. MPLS Encapsulation Details • Ethernet PDUs are transported without the preamble, SFD and FCS but including all VLAN information such as VCID • The control word is optional C bit is set by default in Cisco implementation • If the control word is used then the flags must be set to zero The VLAN tag is transmitted unchanged but may be overwritten by the egress PE router 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 Rsvd 0 0 0 0 Length Sequence number Optional Ethernet PDU SP Latin America © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 47

IP VPN, L 2 TP, UTI • Cisco Product: “UTI/L 2 TPv 3” • UTI is a high performance transparent tunnelling protocol. It is aimed at 150 Mb/s to 10 Gb/s level two tunnelling applications Æ Encapsulation: L 2 TPv 3 Æ IETF standardization: L 2 TPv 3: data & control planes http: //www. ietf. org/html. charters/l 2 tpext-charter. html Æ Cisco Pre-Standard’s technology: UTI 11/01: UTI matches L 2 TPv 3 latest draft UTI: Universal Transport Interface high-performance transparent encapsulation protocol optimized for the encapsulation of one protocol over another. SP Latin America © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 48

UTI/L 2 TPv 3 Encapsulation UTI Header Payload UTI Payload Dependent Header UTI Payload Independent Header 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | TUNNEL IDENTIFIER | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | TUNNEL Key | + + | (64 bit signature) | -+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ IP header • One of the formats that L 2 TPv 3 will support is the existing UTI encapsulation Æ draft-ietf-l 2 tpext-l 2 tp-base-01. txt SP Latin America © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 49

Basic UTI/L 2 TPv 3 tunnels UTI tunnelled serial interface R 3 UTI tunnelled LAN pos 1 R 1 tu 1 pos 2 IP Network pos 3 e 2 e 1 LAN 1 pos 4 R 2 tu 2 LAN 2 • Crossconnect any interface with any other interface through an IP network SP Latin America © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 50

Why UTI/L 2 TP rather than GRE? • UTI/L 2 TPv 3 is more scalable to high performance (10 G) Æ To identify a GRE tunnel you have to do a source + destination IP address pair lookup. This is very perf consuming and not needed for L 2 Transport Æ GRE header has many options which are complex to program in HW ÆScales to 10 gbps • Leverage L 2 TP control plane and deployment experience Æ IETF since 96, IOS implementation since 98 Æ Similar Objective (Eth, FR, PPP over IP) Æ Experience to be leveraged SP Latin America © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 51

Agenda Æ Market Dynamics Æ Infrastructure & Technology Options Æ Standards Æ Metro Ethernet Control Planes Æ Metro Ethernet Services Æ Summary

New Generation of Services. . . ü Totally Digital ü Totally Integrated ü One Single Provider Downstream Upstream Broadband Access 3 Vo. IP Terminals Vo. IP 128/128 Kbps 2 Digital TV MPEG 3072/64 Kbps 2 Personal Computers WEB 512/128 Kbps 4 Monitoring Systems 32/128 Kbps 384/384 Kbps 7680/1280 Kbps 6144/128 Kbps 1024/256 Kbps 128/512 Kbps Digital TV Online Services Telephony SP Latin America © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Surveillance 53

…But the Today’s Services are • Ethernet Virtual Circuit • Flexible Speed IP VPN • Voice over IP • Content Services • High Speed Internet SP Latin America © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 54

Layer 2 (Eo. MPLS or UTI/L 2 TPv 3) EVCS Service • Customers are located on different floors and connected to the HQ via UTI or Eo. MPLS • UTI or Eo. MPLS tunnel is configured on each interface the customer is homing on VPN Solution Center Office Tower Customer A’s Corporate HQ Customer A UTI tunnel Floor 2 Customer B Cisco 10720 IP/MPLS Core Cisco 10720 Customer B’s Corporate HQ Cisco 10720 Eo. MPLS tunnel Floor 1 SP Latin America © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 55

MPLS-based IP VPN Service IP VPN over MPLS Backbone Customer A’s Corporate Intranet VPN Solution Center Po. P CE CE P PE Office Tower 1 Cisco 10720 Customer B CE Office Tower 2 SP Latin America © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. PE Cisco 10720 IP/MPLS Core P PE Cisco 10720 CE Customer B’s Corporate Intranet 56

Variable Bandwidth Service • Customer A of 1 Mbps up to 100 Mbps 15 Mbps • Hub Customer B Variable bandwidth Service in increments 10 Mbps Using ‘CAR’ on both Input and output (Ethernet interface) to limit bandwidth to Switch each Customer C 5 Mbps Router Customer D Customers fa 2/2 fa 2/3 1 Mbps Router Customers fa 2/1 Metro IP Access Ring fa 2/4 Regional IP Transport ring Backbone 10720 Router Customers SP Latin America © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Customers 57

Agenda Æ Market Dynamics Æ Infrastructure & Technology Options Æ Standards Æ Metro Ethernet Control Planes Æ Metro Ethernet Services Æ Summary

Metro Landscape Diversity Ent/SMB Customers SP Segments Services ILEC/PTT IXC/T 1 ISP Metro Optical Transport System Metro IP System Metro Ethernet Switching System SP Latin America ESP L 2 Enet VPN Gb. E PL IP VPNs Storage Internet FR/ATM VPN TDM PL Access Wavelengths Systems Technologies Consumer Retail SP IP DPT/RPR © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. EFM Ethernet WDM SONET/ SDH 59