Message Ministry and or Teaching of Jesus 3 15 2018 Teaching of

Message/Ministry and/or Teaching of Jesus 3/15/2018 Teaching of Jesus - 00 1

Introduction to Jesus Please read the course disclaimer Consider it carefully 3/15/2018 Teaching of Jesus - 00 2

Sources for the Life and Teaching of Jesus The four canonical gospels 3 Synoptics Fourth Gospel References in Acts and letters Josephus Roman historians Rabbinic materials Non-canonical gospels 3/15/2018 Teaching of Jesus - 00 3

What are the gospels? The gospel genre Memoirs (apomnëmoneumata) Acts (praxeis) Lives (bioi) Foundation Narrative Euaggelia Foundational events of the Christian faith Kerygmatic perspective A term coined by Mark for written form 3/15/2018 Teaching of Jesus - 00 4

What are the gospels? Four gospels Three gospels, not one gospel The rejection of the harmonistic approach The reason for the gospels The need of the Christian communities The need to proclaim the gospel 3/15/2018 Teaching of Jesus - 00 5

What are the synoptic gospels? How gospels arose The rise of the gospels (AD 50 -80) The data Similarities in order between Mark, Matthew and Luke Close verbal similarities between Mark and parts of Matthew and Luke Less close verbal similarities between teaching sections in Matthew and Luke Material in Matthew and Luke with no parallel in any other gospel 3/15/2018 Teaching of Jesus - 00 6

What are the synoptic gospels? What Jesus said and did was remembered and retold A collection of teaching was put together (= Q) A bit later Mark was written collecting mostly narrative Finally Matthew and Luke combined Mark and Q and their own traditions 3/15/2018 Teaching of Jesus - 00 7

Alternative Hypothesis What Jesus said and did was remembered and retold The telling became standardized into the basic story plus the teaching The basic story was written as Mark The story (expanded) plus the teaching was written as Matthew and Luke 3/15/2018 Teaching of Jesus - 00 8

The role of Jesus for the early church Jesus as foundation story Jesus as interpreter of Jewish tradition Jesus as model of Christian life The teaching of Jesus The life-style of Jesus as model of Christian ministry Jesus' teaching on ministry Jesus' example of ministry 3/15/2018 Teaching of Jesus - 00 9

The Virgin Birth Redactionally this truth is variously expressed 3/15/2018 Teaching of Jesus - 00 10

Luke expresses it precisely Dialogue between Mary and the angel (1: 34 -38) Mary protests that she has not had sexual intercourse The angels responds: God can work the impossible Luke's account revolves around God's visiting his people and reversing their fortunes 3/15/2018 Teaching of Jesus - 00 11

Matthew is more indirect He explores the legal nuances of the event Mary is discovered to be pregnant before the wedding night This required a divorce Deut 22, especially 22: 23 ff was likely not enforced m. Gittin divorce; m. Sotah the adulteress A divorce required two witnesses • Not to divorce his "wife" would be to cover sin and thus partake in it, and Joseph was a "righteous" man 3/15/2018 Teaching of Jesus - 00 12

Matthew’s indirect story Only a direct command of God prevents Joseph from acting The virginity of Mary is further stressed by the remark in 1: 25 Matthew's account revolves around the "fulfillment" of Isa 7: 14 Matthew also concerns himself with the question of legitimacy and legality 3/15/2018 Teaching of Jesus - 00 13

The Matthean birth narrative There is no birth narrative as such in Matthew, but a series of incidents surrounding the birth of Jesus The arrangement of the incidents may be linked to a chain of testamonia Fact which ties all together is that Herod the Great is king 3/15/2018 Teaching of Jesus - 00 14

The Genealogy Matt 1: 1 consciously formulated to imitate the formulae of Genesis The genealogy is an edited form of 1 Chron 1 -3 (LXX) Four women are mentioned, preparing the way for Mary Names are omitted The last division has 13 names, either because Mary was counted or because a name was dropped in transmission Matt 1: 16 is carefully worded to protect both Davidic descent and the virgin birth 3/15/2018 Teaching of Jesus - 00 15

The schematic form (14 x 3) may have a meaning Waxing and waning moon = rise and fall of Israel's fortunes (Fenton) Gain, loss, regaining of royalty (Plummer, Allen) David repeated 3 times (Hill) The genealogy varies from the Lucan genealogy One or both are creations of the evangelist for theological purposes One is a descent via Mary and the other via Joseph One is the royal line and the other Joseph's actual line 3/15/2018 Teaching of Jesus - 00 16

Luke’s theme = the inclusion of the outcasts and the poor The baby is born in poor circumstances Hired shepherds were “Jews who had made themselves gentiles” Only shepherds receive the visitation The content of the visitation is peace 3/15/2018 Teaching of Jesus - 00 17

In Matthew theme of the birth is the coming of the Magi Herodotus claims they were a Median clan which became a priestly class under the Persians They are clearly pagans, for they refer to "the King of the Jews" Point = pagans come from a distance to worship the baby Jesus They come from the east 3/15/2018 Teaching of Jesus - 00 18

The Star The presence of the star is often traced historyof-religions motifs Num 24: 17 Stories of astronomical phenomena in connection with the birth of pagan greats Jewish new Moses theme The nature of the star The star is seen "at its rising" and then it apparently is not seen again until after the Magi leave Jerusalem The nature of the star is unknown 3/15/2018 Teaching of Jesus - 00 19

Responses to the birth: Matthew In Matthew the Jews respond with unbelief Herod is troubled (Cf. 14: 26) The whole Sanhedrin is gathered The quotation cited is from neither the MT or the LXX In Matthew the response of the gentiles is worship The meaning of the gifts • The giving of gifts = allegiance and submission • Were the gifts symbolic? 3/15/2018 Teaching of Jesus - 00 20

The Flight into Egypt Dream motif (Cf. 1: 20; 2: 12, 13, 22 and Cf. 2: 19) The flight itself does not use supernatural means The verb anachoresin is used of Moses' flight in Exod 2: 15 = new Exodus motif Massacre of the Innocents Reminds one of Egypt in Exod 1 -2 Only 20 or 30 children would have been involved Jer 31: 15 + Gen 35: 19 3/15/2018 Teaching of Jesus - 00 21

The Return to Israel Further use of the dream motif Joseph withdraws from a place of unbelief to a place of safety with the gentiles (Galilee of the gentiles) The scripture citation does not exist in the OT 3/15/2018 Teaching of Jesus - 00 22