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Menn 3 Menn 3

Why are speech errors interesting? Why are speech errors interesting?

Why are speech errors interesting? They give insight into mental processing More insight than Why are speech errors interesting? They give insight into mental processing More insight than looking at the brain

What are slips of the tongue? What are slips of the tongue?

What are slips of the tongue? Are the errors of aphasics slips of the What are slips of the tongue? Are the errors of aphasics slips of the tongue? Who makes them then? How often? Is not completing a sentence a slip of the tongue

What are slips of the tongue? If you recorded everything you said in a What are slips of the tongue? If you recorded everything you said in a day how many would you find?

What are slips of the tongue? If you recorded everything you said in a What are slips of the tongue? If you recorded everything you said in a day how many would you find? Famous people get recorded a lot They make lots of errors Is this representative of regular Joes?

Barak Obama I've travelled to almost all of the 57 states. Why did he Barak Obama I've travelled to almost all of the 57 states. Why did he say this? “Let’s not play games, ” Obama stated. “What I was suggesting – you’re absolutely right that John Mc. Cain has not talked about my Muslim faith. And you’re absolutely right that has not come. ” Stephanopoulos immediately interrupted Obama, stating, “Christian faith. ” “My Christian faith, ” Obama quickly said. “Well, what I’m saying is that he (Mc. Cain) hasn’t suggested that I’m a Muslim.

Mitt Romney made an unfortunate slip of the tongue during a fundraiser Tuesday, when Mitt Romney made an unfortunate slip of the tongue during a fundraiser Tuesday, when he mistakenly said "sheik" instead of "Sikh" while commenting on the tragic shooting in Wisconsin. Why did he do this?

What is a tip of the tongue state? What is a tip of the tongue state?

What is a tip of the tongue state? Characteristics of word available but not What is a tip of the tongue state? Characteristics of word available but not word letters in word sounds in words with similar meaning context the word is used in

What is a mondegreen What is a mondegreen

What is a mondegreen Misparsing the string of sounds Lady Mondegreen ~ laid 'im What is a mondegreen Misparsing the string of sounds Lady Mondegreen ~ laid 'im on the green Surely Good Mrs. Murphy shall follow me all the days of my life ~ Surely goodness and mercy shall. . . Olive, the other reindeer ~ all of the other reindeer Burning all the strings of Hell along ~ Burning out his fuse up here alone

What is a mondegreen Misparsing the string of sounds you've got mud on your What is a mondegreen Misparsing the string of sounds you've got mud on your face, front disc brakes ~ a big disgrace police have a dog ~ feliz navidad the girl with colitis goes by ~ kaleidoscope eyes and there's a wino down the road. I should have stolen Oreos. ~ and as we wind on down the road, our shadow's taller than our souls

What is a malapropism? What is a malapropism?

What is a malapropism? Getting two similarly pronounced words confused The speaker usually doesn't What is a malapropism? Getting two similarly pronounced words confused The speaker usually doesn't recognize the error as an error

What is a malapropism? Getting two similarly pronounced words confused The speaker usually doesn't What is a malapropism? Getting two similarly pronounced words confused The speaker usually doesn't recognize the error as an error For all intensive purposes < for all intents and purposes the windshield effect < the wind chill effect antidotes < anecdotes The United States has a huge aerosol of nuclear weapons that act as a detergent against attack from our enemies. The angry wife took back her cheating husband - on one contrition - that he cut off all contracts with other

Common malapropisms chronological liar Common malapropisms chronological liar

Common malapropisms chronological liar mute point Common malapropisms chronological liar mute point

Common malapropisms chronological liar mute point irregardless extra century perception a wolf in cheap Common malapropisms chronological liar mute point irregardless extra century perception a wolf in cheap clothing a pigment of his imagination he was held hostile a woman of great statue the bondage between mother and child

Common malapropisms chronological liar mute point irregardless supposably Where do they come from? What Common malapropisms chronological liar mute point irregardless supposably Where do they come from? What did Freud think about them?

Woman in Spain to missionaries: Soy catolica, apostolica, protestante I'm an apostolic, Roman Woman in Spain to missionaries: Soy catolica, apostolica, protestante I'm an apostolic, Roman protestant

What speakers are not normal? What speakers are not normal?

What speakers are not normal? Kids still learning language What speakers are not normal? Kids still learning language

What speakers are not normal? Kids still learning language Adults still learning second language What speakers are not normal? Kids still learning language Adults still learning second language

What speakers are not normal? Kids still learning language Adults still learning second language What speakers are not normal? Kids still learning language Adults still learning second language People with language problems-impediments, dyslexia, aphasia, apraxia People with bad hearing

Process of speaking Message level-deciding what to say Process of speaking Message level-deciding what to say

Process of speaking Message level-deciding what to say Functional level-finding words to say it Process of speaking Message level-deciding what to say Functional level-finding words to say it – Cat, snake, fight

Process of speaking Message level-deciding what to say Functional level-finding words to say it Process of speaking Message level-deciding what to say Functional level-finding words to say it – Cat, snake, fight Positional level-getting the words together in sentences – A snake and a cat are fighting

Process of speaking Message level-deciding what to say Functional level-finding words to say it Process of speaking Message level-deciding what to say Functional level-finding words to say it – Cat, snake, fight Positional level-getting the words together in sentences – A snake and a cat are fighting Phonological encoding level-getting the sounds to say the words – /ə kæt ænd ə sneik. . . /

Process of speaking Message level-deciding what to say Functional level-finding words to say it Process of speaking Message level-deciding what to say Functional level-finding words to say it Positional level-getting the words together in sentences Phonological encoding level-getting the sounds to say the words – /ə kæt ænd ə sneik. . . / Speech gesture level-getting words into physical speech

Message level Concept of message without words What the story line is Who did Message level Concept of message without words What the story line is Who did what to who/what Pragmatic information used Information about semantic roles of concepts and lemmas passed on to functional level

Message level Pragmatics How speech is related to context Who are you talking to? Message level Pragmatics How speech is related to context Who are you talking to? How much time do you have to say it? What is the current conversation about? What was just said by the other person? What did you just say? How do you want the person to react? What are your beliefs and those of the other person?

Message level Pragmatics Meaning doesn't exist outside of a context What does “You have Message level Pragmatics Meaning doesn't exist outside of a context What does “You have a green light” mean? It could mean that you have green ambient lighting. It could mean that you have a green light while driving your car. It could mean that you can go ahead with the project. It could mean that your body has a green glow. It could mean that you possess a light bulb that is tinted green

Message level Pragmatics Sentences with same meaning but different context Excuse me sir, do Message level Pragmatics Sentences with same meaning but different context Excuse me sir, do you have a pen? Excuse me sir, have you a pen? Could I borrow a pen? Could you lend me your pen? Can I use your pen? Give me your pen. Gotta pen? Yo, dude, gotta pen? Pen!

Message level Pragmatics Who would have problems with the pragmatic aspects of speech? Message level Pragmatics Who would have problems with the pragmatic aspects of speech?

Message level Pragmatics Who would have problems with the pragmatic aspects of speech? People Message level Pragmatics Who would have problems with the pragmatic aspects of speech? People from different culture Different language may be problem Different culture (UK vs. Australia)

Message level Pragmatics Who would have problems with the pragmatic aspects of speech? People Message level Pragmatics Who would have problems with the pragmatic aspects of speech? People from different culture Different language may be problem Different culture (UK vs. Australia) People with poor social skills Aspergers, austism, aphasia Temple Grandin-Autism http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=1 q. PFAT 4 p 8 Lc

Process of speaking Message level-deciding what to say Functional level-finding words to say it Process of speaking Message level-deciding what to say Functional level-finding words to say it Positional level-getting the words into sentences Phonological encoding level-getting the sounds to say the words Speech gesture level-getting words into physical speech

Functional level Concept vs. meaning Picture yourself flying without a plane through the clouds Functional level Concept vs. meaning Picture yourself flying without a plane through the clouds and looking down on what you see on the ground Can you do it without words? You are using concepts When you add words then meaning is important

Functional level Lemma Meaning of word You can have meaning in your head but Functional level Lemma Meaning of word You can have meaning in your head but not phonetic form (tip of tongue) so meaning is separate from phonetic form

Functional level Lemmas have many phonetic forms walks, walking, walked, walk Lemma for CAR Functional level Lemmas have many phonetic forms walks, walking, walked, walk Lemma for CAR could include car, cars, red one, it, that one

Functional level Lemmas have many phonetic forms Lemma for CAR could include walks, walking, Functional level Lemmas have many phonetic forms Lemma for CAR could include walks, walking, walked, walk car, cars, red one, it, that one Lemmas include information about part of speech, frequency, things it co-occurs with, emotions attached to it, motor plan for pronouncing it, memories associated with it, opposites

Functional level Activation concept > lemma > things linked to lemma > phonetic/motor make Functional level Activation concept > lemma > things linked to lemma > phonetic/motor make up of lemma

Functional level Categorization is central human cognitive ability many speech errors involve substitution between Functional level Categorization is central human cognitive ability many speech errors involve substitution between things in same category names of siblings opposites animals (farm, wild, domestic, dangerous, cute) (Silvia) So are you going to hang out with your wife this weekend? (Dave) Are you crazy. She's the last person I want to be with. (Silvia) Mike, will you just stop!

Functional level Going from concepts in message level to lemmas in functional level involves Functional level Going from concepts in message level to lemmas in functional level involves activations of lemmas. Activation of lemmas also activates closely associated lemmas This causes substitution errors

Blends show retrieval of two words at same time regardless + irrespective = Blends show retrieval of two words at same time regardless + irrespective = irregardless person + people = perple coup + boon = coon • She’s (Condoleezza Rice) got the patent resumé of somebody that has serious skill. She loves football, she’s African-American, which would be kind of a big coon. A big boon. Oh my God – I totally, totally am sorry for that. I didn’t mean that.

Semantic function Function is not part of speech Noun, adjective, determiner, verb, conjunction Function Semantic function Function is not part of speech Noun, adjective, determiner, verb, conjunction Function is not grammatical function Johnsubject painted the houseobject The housesubject was painted by Johnobject of prep. Function is what semantic role the words plays in sentence Johnagent painted the houseundergoer The houseundergoer was painted by Johnagent

Semantic function At message level you envision John painting the house At functional level Semantic function At message level you envision John painting the house At functional level you choose lemmas for John, paint, and house You also assign part of speech to lemmas, and semantic roles to lemmas Things associated with lemmas are activated Still no sentences or phonetics assigned to words

Where is language? Mainly left hemisphere Where is language? Mainly left hemisphere

How do we know it's in the left? Autopsies of aphasics Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation How do we know it's in the left? Autopsies of aphasics Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation – Using magnetic pulses to temporarily disrupt brain function – Video

How do we know it's in the left? Wada test – Temporarily disable one How do we know it's in the left? Wada test – Temporarily disable one hemisphere with injection

How do we know it's in the left? Dichotic listening – present different words How do we know it's in the left? Dichotic listening – present different words to each ear at same time

How do we know it's in the left? Either A or B shown to How do we know it's in the left? Either A or B shown to left eye (right hemisphere) A-The boy kisses the girl B-The girl kisses the boy A-The girl is drinking B-The girl will drink A-The dog jumps over the fence B-The dogs jump over the fence

How do we know it's in the left? Either A or B shown to How do we know it's in the left? Either A or B shown to left eye (right hemisphere) B-The girl kisses the boy A-The girl is drinking B-The girl will drink A-The dog jumps over the fence A-The boy kisses the girl B-The dogs jump over the fence Subjects had to choose picture of the sentence they saw. They couldn’t distinguish A from B

How do we know it's in the left? Either A or B shown to How do we know it's in the left? Either A or B shown to left eye (right hemisphere) A-The girl is drinking B-The girl will drink A-The dog jumps over the fence B-The girl kisses the boy A-The boy kisses the girl B-The dogs jump over the fence Subjects had to choose picture of the sentence they saw. They couldn’t distinguish A from B What does this mean?

How do we know it's in the left? Measure brain activation with MRI – How do we know it's in the left? Measure brain activation with MRI – This is your brain listening to words

How do we know it's in the left? Measure brain activation with MRI – How do we know it's in the left? Measure brain activation with MRI – This is your brain producing verbs

How do we know it's in the left? Split brain patients – Done to How do we know it's in the left? Split brain patients – Done to treat severe epilepsy

Is it in the left for everyone? It depends on which hand is dominant Is it in the left for everyone? It depends on which hand is dominant – % of people with left or right hemisphere language Lang. in left Lang. in right Right handed 95 5 Left handed 70 30

Is it all in the left? LEFT: Understanding meaning, speaking RIGHT: tone of voice, Is it all in the left? LEFT: Understanding meaning, speaking RIGHT: tone of voice, prosody, inflection, emotion, humor, metaphor

Right Hemisphere Aphasia People can’t perceive emotions, irony, sarcasm in voices. People can’t read Right Hemisphere Aphasia People can’t perceive emotions, irony, sarcasm in voices. People can’t read between the lines. Difficulty understanding metaphors, non-literal language, shades of meaning. Inability to see things from other person’s perspective. Difficulty switching topics in a conversation.