Meeting global educational needs: What kind of distance education can we afford? Greville Rumble September 2002
Global problems u u u u Projected increase in World population Knowledge obsolescence Extension of the age of learning Deficiencies in basic educational (literacy, health) Teacher shortages Lack of funds (public and private) Poor quality provision is all too common
Educational challenges u u u 135 m primary-aged children not in school 1 bn adults/adolescents illiterate or underliterate 2 bn individuals need retraining/ re-skilling of some kind World population projected to grow from 6. 1 bn (2001) to 9. 5 bn (2050) Nearly 1 in 2 people earn under US$2/day
Basic cost structure of early forms of DE Con. Variable Cost DE Variable DE Fixed Con. Fixed Students
Unit cost behaviour in early forms of DE Unit cost Con. DE
Development costs per Student Learning Hour (Hülsmann) u u u Print £ 350 Internet £ 700 Audio £ 1, 700 CD-ROM £ 13, 000 Video £ 35, 000 TV £ 121, 000 HEALTH WARNING: Don’t put too much trust in these figures! They need interpretation. But order of magnitude differences OK
Arizona Learning Systems: developing a 3 unit course ecourse (US$) u u u u Simple course outlines/assignments: $6000 Text provision: $12, 000 Text and reference materials, $18, 000 With images, $37, 500 With audio and video, $20, 000 With simulations, $250, 000 With virtual reality, $1, 000
Costs of e-delivery u Provider’s document delivery costs come down u Library of Virginia costs for delivering 4 pp document: Surface mail customer US$19 u Personal request at the Library US$12 u Electronic delivery of existing electronic version US$0. 90 u u Student’s costs go up u Needs hardware/software platform u Needs Internet access u Pays cost of printing
Comparing course costs Average cost per student (Inglis), (1999) u u u Students 50 100 150 200 Print (Aus$) 169. 84 125. 38 110. 56 103. 15 Online (Aus) 217. 71 171. 63 156. 27 148. 59
Korea National Open University Costs per student (US$) u u u Variable TV # students 1000 Production 80 k US$ per student 80 Drop-out (%) 60% US$ finisher 200 Radio 1000 35 k 35 60% 88 Web 30 13 k 434 10% 482
Solving the problem: UK e-University business proposal u u u Course fees - related to development costs Students buy own textbooks etc. Students fund own equipment and web use Students pay for library access provided through firms such as Xan. Edu and Questia Students pay firms such as Tutor. com for tuition and support, on usage basis Students pay to register to take examinations
Solving the problem Lowering the costs of e-education u Produce print and e-version simultaneously u u u Use HTML - accessible through Macintosh, Windows and Linux operating systems Use Bulletin Boards rather than e-mail/computer conferences u u u MS Word 7. 0 HTML via MS Front Page 97 reduces call on tutor’s time Distribute materials on disk/CD-ROM (eliminate expensive student connect time) Use freeware Julian Monge-Nájera, Universidad Estatal a Distancia, Costa Rica
Greville Rumble greville. rumble@btinternet. com greville. rumble@talk 21. com
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