Media Globalization Foreign Journalism Berdak Bayimbetov USA

Media Globalization Foreign Journalism Berdak Bayimbetov

USA – gigantic information producer American media companies are dominating global media products.

Global Print Media – Newspapers • • • The International Herald Tribune USA Today International The Financial Times of London The Economist The Wall Street Journal

Global Print Media – Magazines • Reader’s Digest – 49 editions in 200 countries • Time (International) – 190 countries • Newsweek (International) – 500 000 readers • Cosmopolitan – 41 countries • Popular Mechanics (Spanish version)

Global Broadcasting • 150 countries broadcast internationally – BBC World Service – Voice of America – Radio China International – Deutsche Welle – Radio France International – Growing rapidly: global news, sports, and music channels (CNNi, CNBC, BBC World, MTV, ESPNi)

International TV • • MTV CNN Discovery BBC National Geographic Deutsche Welle Euro. News

Largest film producing countries Country Movies per year 1. India: 946 2. United States: 611 3. Japan: 310 4. China: 212 5. France: 203 6. Italy: 134 7. Spain: 133 8. United Kingdom: 132 9. Germany: 121 10. Russia: 120

Many movies created in the U. S. make more money on international sales yet more movies are created in India than in the U. S. Highest-grossing films Rank Title Total gross Year 1 Avatar $2, 782, 275, 172 2009 2 Titanic $2, 185, 372, 302 1997 3 The Avengers (Мстители) $1, 511, 757, 910 2012 4 Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 $1, 328, 111, 219 2011 5 Transformers: Dark of the Moon $1, 123, 746, 996 2011 6 The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King $1, 119, 929, 521 2003 7 Skyfall (007: Координаты «Скайфолл» ) $1, 108, 561, 013 2012 8 The Dark Knight Rises (Темный рыцарь: Возрождение легенды) $1, 081, 041, 287 2012 9 Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest $1, 066, 179, 725 2006 10 Toy Story 3 $1, 063, 171, 911 2010

BBC, a radio and television system funded by British government, is known for its global news coverage. It has 250 full-time correspondents, compared to CNN’s 113.

A few more facts • Mexican and Brazilian soap operas (telenovelas) reach as many countries as some popular U. S. television shows and are more popular in Latin America, Eastern Europe and Central Asia. • CNN (Time Warner) can reach one billion people in most countries. • MTV (Viacom)-Asia, Europe, United States, Russia, Brazil, Latin America, Canada, Japan, Africa, and Australia-is the world’s largest television channel. It can be tuned in a 419 million homes (more than one billion viewers) in 164 countries in 18 languages.

A few more facts • The Wall Street Journal‘s international editions reach about one million people, mainly in Europe, Asia, and South America. • Reader’s Digest publishes more than 49 international editions that are distributed to 19 million readers in nearly 200 countries.

Global Media • Role of the media in various countries – Developmental – develop and build; support government; provide technical information – Communist – propaganda, persuasion, and education – Social responsibility – inform, entertain, government watchdog and adversary, consumer support, free marketplace of ideas • Less-developed countries – developmental journalism

American media products led the global scene for several reasons. • The media products are created in a language (English) that is spoken by more people worldwide than any other language. • Freedom of expression has worldwide appeal. The freedom available in the U. S. allows a wide range of books, movies and television shows to be created, with limited interference by the government.

American media products • Audience diversity in the U. S. inspires media companies to create a range of products. The chance for these products to be successful in other countries is greater than those produced in less diverse societies. • Companies have the abilities to produce popular entertainment because of the big-business structure of the American economy.

Emerging Global Media Globalization of mass media content is expected to increase. The six media conglomerates: • Time Warner, • Disney, • News Corporation, • Viacom/CBS, • NBC Universal Vivendi • Bertelsmann (together own more than 80 -90 percent of the U. S. media products market) are developing new ways to distribute media content worldwide.

The Internet and Globalization • New technologies are opening the way for more companies to seek global audiences directly with no middlemen at low cost. (e-books, streaming radio/television) • The Internet also has provided an avenue for people to be media creators instead of passive users with blogs, podcasts, and personal websites. • Media scholars are studying if the Internet will give small companies the chance to complete on the international level with conglomerates.

Government control Technology has been eroding the power of nations to control mass media content. Media control • Many countries’ governments have been able to control media content, but citizens are finding ways to create and get information, especially via the Internet. • Web-based publishing versus traditional publishing or terrestrial television versus satellite television • For example, citizens who live in a country that bans certain information can find it on websites hosted outside that country.

Government control • Or citizens in countries that ban certain television programs can get television reception from orbiting satellites via a blackmarket receiver. • On the other hand, countries such as China are still able to control the Internet in many ways. The Chinese government has extracted agreements from U. S. Internet firms to contain e-mail message content as a condition of doing business. • In order to do business in China, U. S. Internet firms must agree to restrict online content. • Consistent with Chinese laws, Google, Yahoo and Microsoft restrict e-mail, news and discussions online. • Google and Yahoo censor their Chinese search engines. Microsoft bans certain words on Chinese blogs that it hosts.

Examples of restrictions Most countries only censor sites in their local language, so CNN is accessible just about everywhere. In Iran, you can read any BBC site except BBC Persian. In Turkey and Arab countries also possible to open any kinds of web sites in Russian.

Globalization – Good or bad? Pros and Cons…

Anti-Globalization • The anti-globalization movement, or counter -globalization movements around the world. • Supporters believe that by the late 20 th century those they characterized as “ruling elites” sought to ways of the expansion of world markets for their own interests.

Pros – Media and Culture • Globalizations of communications sees great quantities of information shared around the world • The best of cultures can be shared and understood on a global scale • There is cultural intermingling and each other is trying to know about the other’s cultural preferences and in the process of doing so, we are actually coming across things that we like and in the course of time adopt it

Pros – Economic aspect • Employees of a transnational corporation may be well paid compared to other workers in the country • Sharing of technological innovations is fast and fair • A wide range of products are available at affordable prices due to free trade

The dark side of globalization Open borders, the free movement of goods, capital and people, decentralization and deregulation- all essential features of our globalized economy, have brought great benefits. But they have also created a new range of international issues. Here are some: • International terrorism • International drug trafficking • Arms trafficking • People smuggling

Outcome of Globalization Your car is Japanese. Your pizza is Italian. Your beer is German. Your wine is Spanish. Your democracy is Greek. Your coffee is Brazilian. Your tea is Chinese. Your watch is Swiss. Your fashion is French. Your shirt is Indian. Your shoes are Thai. Your radio is Korean. Your vodka is Russian - and then you complain that your neighbor is. . an immigrant?