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me elco ck W do rad gs!!! B ldo ul B 200 6 -20 07 MRS. CONTRERAS Language Arts 9 th Grade – Eng I Gifted/Honors Room C 209

Weekly Forecast 4/16/07 – 4/20/07 • Monday – Virginia Wolf "Professions for Women" pg 1156. Study and take quiz on grammar concepts 141 -150. • Tuesday – James Joyce "Eveline" pg 1166. Test (Heart of Darkness) • • Wednesday – Test (FCAT Writing Prompt). Thursday – Early Release. "The Sea-Wolf" Introduction - Ch 4. Peer-edit FCAT Writing Prompt from 4/18. • Friday – "The Sea-Wolf" Ch 5 -9. Peer-edit FCAT Writing Prompt from 4/18

Home Learning By Monday, 4/23: • Read The Sea Wolf Chapter 10 - Chapter 24. • Bring grammar hdts 151 -156 & 235 -240 next week to class for Finals Review! Have a great week!

Extended Home Learning Assignment (Due 5/7/07). • In an effort to enhance student writing skills and performance, all students are to rewrite (retype) all essay writing samples editing flaws and incorporating feedback provided. This assignment includes all hand-written essays in class as well as both research paper(s). Staple updated final draft on top of previous drafts. • Recap Sheets must be updated and placed on top of all drafts which must be compiled in date order. • A student reflection must be attached to the top evaluating your written work this year. Obviously this should take into consideration the feedback that has been provided throughout the course of the year.

Class Response… Monday Recall the events in the selection "Professions for Women. " Then answer each question in one or two sentences. 1. According to Woolf, who or what is the Angel in the House? 2. When Woolf talks about killing the Angel in the House, what does she mean? 3. Name one of the benefits of being a professional writer, and why it is a benefit according to Woolf. 4. What audience is the speech "Professions for Women" written for? 5. Explain what Woolf means by the following statement: "This I believe to be a very common experience with women writersthey are impeded by the extreme conventionality of the other sex. "

Grammar Quiz… Monday 1) What are the four main parts of verbs? 2) How are regular verbs formed? 3) How is the present participle formed? 4) What do the present and past participle require? 5) How do irregular verbs differ from regular verbs? 6) Provide present participle, past and past participle for the verb to be. Conjugate in first person. 7) What do verbs do?

Grammar Quiz… Monday 8) What is present tense & how is it formed? 9) What is past tense & how is it formed? 10) What is future tense & how is it formed? 11) What is present perfect tense & how is it formed? 12) What is past perfect tense & how is it formed? 13) What is future perfect tense & how is it formed?

Grammar Quiz… Monday Grading Scale: 1 -3 A 4 -6 B 7 -9 C 10 -12 D 13+ F

Professions for Women Lilie Martinez Period 5 4 -16 -07 Courtesy of Yahoo! images English 1 - Honors

About the Author-Virginia Woolf • Born January 25, 1882 in London to Sir Leslie Stephen and Julia Prinsep Stephen. • In 1895, at the age of 13, the sudden death of her mother from influenza and that of her little sister two years alter led to the first of Virginias nervous breakdowns. • The death of her father in 1904 provoked her most alarming collapse and she was briefly institutionalized. • Throughout her life, she was overwhelmed by drastic mood swings. They affected her social functioning, however, her literary skills remained intact. • Now a day it is that she had was bipolar, and that this later led to her suicide. • Along with her sister and two brothers, they formed the Bloomsbury group.

About the Author-Virginia Woolf Cont… • In 1912 she married writer Leonard Woolf. • In 1922 she fell in love with Vita Sackville; they began an affair that lasted throughout most of the 1920 s. • She then fell back into depression, perhaps due to the destruction of her homes in London due to the ongoing war. She became totally unable to work. • On March 28, 1941, Woolf drowned herself by filling her pockets with stones and walking into the River Ouse near her home. Courtesy of Yahoo! Images >

Plot Sequence • Virginia Woolf introduces herself as a women employed in the profession of Literature (Applebee, 1158). • Few significant obstacles in the way between her and writing (1158). • Describes writing as an honorable and harmless occupation; not costly (1158). • She became a journalist when she sent what she wrote to an editor; he paid her for it (1158 -1159). • Very inexperienced and therefore spent her earnings on a Persian cat (1159). • She wanted to write a review on a book, but first she had to battle with the Angel in the House (1159). - Angel in the House : a long verse novel; it represented an idealized view of a women’s role in the family(1159). ~Sympathetic ~Unselfish ~Pure ~Excelled in difficult arts -The Angel in the house is an example of an obstacle.

Plot Sequence… • She says the Angel comes between her and her pen “I took my pen in hand to review that novel by a famous man, she slipped behind me and whispered : ‘My dear, you are a young women. You are writing bout a book that has been written by a man. Be sympathetic; be tender; flatter; deceive, use all the arts and wiles of our sex. Never let anybody guess that you have a mind of your own. Above all, be pure. ’(11591160). ” • Woolf then turned around and caught her by the throat. If anything happened regarding that manner she would blame it on an act of self-defense(1160). • The angels fictious nature was of great assistance to her, due to the fact that it is harder to kill a phantom than a reality(1160). • Killing the angel in the house was part of the occupation of a women writer(1160). –To destroy the obstacle.

Plot Sequence… • No one knows what exactly is a women, until she expresses herself in art and professions(1160). • After Woolf purchased her Persian cat, she grew ambitious and wanted a motor car(1160). -Allusion to Frankenstein • She became a novelist for the purpose of acquiring the motor car(1160). • Woolf believes that there is nothing more delightful than telling stories(1162). • She had 2 adventures in her professional life. 1. Killing the Angel in the house (solved) 2. Telling the truth about her own experiences as a body. (not solved) – due to immensely powerful obstacles against women {Ex: ghost-prejudices to overcome} (1163).

Plot Sequence… • Even when everything seems clear, something gets in the way (1163). • No matter what we always have to have our aims and fight for them in a constant battle against the obstacles that face us (1163). • By excelling and prospering in what your goals are “[y]ou have won rooms of your own in the house hitherto exclusively owned by men. You are able, though not without great labor and effort, to pay the rent…[b]ut this freedom is only the beginning; the room is your own, but it is still bare. It has to be furnished it has to be decorated; it has to be shared. ” However, the rest is all in your hands, your choice of decoration, etc (1163). – This concept only applied to women and form part as an obstacle in their professional goals and aspirations.

Literary Criticism 1 “-that selfless, sacrificial women in the nineteenth century whose sole purpose in like was to soothe, to flatter, and to comfort the male half of the world’s population. ‘Killing the Angel in the House, ’ wrote Virginia Woolf , ‘was part of the occupation of a women writer. ’ that has proved to be a prophetic statement, for today, not only in the domain of letters, but in the entire professional world, women are still engaged in that deadly contest in their struggle for social and economic equality. ” -- Mitchell A. Leaska • Women are still viewed inferior to men in today’s society.

Literary Criticism 2 “Virginia Woolf loved women, emotionally and physically. She neither lived nor wrote from a traditional point of view, so to impose a rigid grid of heterosexual interpretation upon her life and her texts is to leave undeveloped their rich homoerotic texture. . . emphasis on her obsession with her mother, her breakdowns, and her avant-garde lifestyle focused much critical attention on her pathologies, her need for care- taking by other, and her eventual suicide. ” –Pamela J. Olano • She concentrated so much on women, some people interpret that as lesbianism. Which, might be due to the lack of women in her life and her depression for the mothers and sisters death.

Research Paper Outline n Thesis Statement: Throughout the speech, Woolf states the reality in women’s obstacles towards profession by depicting the worthless and inferior status and value of women in society of the nineteenth century. I. All through the speech, Woolf restates the constant battle between the Angel in the House and females who are trying to up bring themselves in order to form part of an honorable society. A. The Angel in the House is a long verse novel which represented an idealized view of a women’s role in the family. 1. The basic women ideals of the time- sympathetic, charming, unselfish, excelling in the difficult arts, sacrificed herself daily, purity. 2. Women were a nurturing caregiver to her husband as well as her children. 3. In reality, no one knew what women consisted and was capable of due to the limitations of Victorian ideals. Women were not only viewed differently by also with a source of detestation. A. In Woolf’s case, she was restricted to do what she loved. 1. Virginia states that writing was a reputable and harmless occupation. 2. Virginia was writing a review on a male-written book the Angel in the House didn’t stop tormenting her. 3. Women were impeded by the extreme conventionality of the other sex II.

Research Paper Outline cont. . III. Virginia states that no matter how much one tries to succeed, there would always be something in the way. A. Women status quo in society would some day be reached, as said by Woolf 1. No matter how superior circumstances can get, there will always be barriers and restrictions. 2. Virginia depicts men as self-absorbed and proud on the limitations placed upon women by society and that of old traditions IV. Virginias constant struggle for women’s equality in society, lead others to belief she was homosexual. A. Virginia Woolf loved women, emotionally and physically. 1. This might be due to the lack of women in her life and her depression for the mothers and sisters death. 2. The absence of male figures in her writings. 3. Her homosexual personality and way of thinking was reflected in all her works and actions.

Interactive Questions ØWhat did Woolf have to do to the Angel in the House? ØWhy did Woolf have trouble reviewing a male author’s novel? ØWoolf tells her audience, “you have rooms of your own in the house hitherto exclusively owned by men…but this freedom is only the beginning. . . (1163). ”Apply what you know to determine what has to be done. ØCompare the obstacles of a women’s writing to its rewards. ØWhat if Woolf never would of killed the Angel. If any, what pros and cons would it have? Explain. ØDo you think the Angel in the House has permanently destroyed the image of women? Explain your opinion.

Works Cited • http: //www. smith. edu/libraries/libs/rareboo k/exhibitions/penandpress/case 4 c. htm • http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Virginia_woolf • Applebee, Arthur N. , et al. The Language of Literature. Evanston, IL: Mc. Dougal Littell Inc. , 2003.

Class Response… Tuesday Recall the events in the story "Eveline. " Then answer each question in one or two sentences. 1. At the beginning of the story, what is Eveline planning to do? 2. As the story continues, what kinds of doubts does Eveline express about her plan? 3. Identify some of the reasons Eveline gives for wanting to leave Dublin. 4. What promise did Eveline make to her mother before her mother died? 5. At the end of the story, what does Eveline decide to do?

Eveline Presented By: Indira Marin Period 5 ”Writing in English is the most ingenious torture ever devised for sins committed in previous lives. “ —James Joyce

The Author • James Augustine Joyce (1882 – 1941) was an Irish writer, widely considered to be one of the most influential writers of the 20 th century. • James Joyce was born in Dublin, Ireland as the son of John Joyce. • After graduation in 1902 the twenty-year-old Joyce went to Paris, where he worked as a journalist, teacher and in other occupations in difficult financial conditions. • He spent a year in France, when he got back home he received a telegram saying his mother was dying. • Not long after her death, Joyce was traveling again. • During his career Joyce suffered from rejections from publishers, attacks by critics, and misunderstanding by readers.

• Joyce faced financial and health problems while at work on "Ulysses. " • Between 1917 and 1930 he endured a series of 25 operations for eye diseases. Despite these problems he continued to work. • He was helped by a large grant from Edith Rockefeller Mc. Cormick, and by a series of grants from Harriet Shaw Weaver, which by 1930 had amounted to more than $23, 000. • The generosity of this resulted from their admiration of his work, and their sympathy with his difficulties. • Today his name is forever linked with that of Dublin

James Joyce Courtesy of Goggle Images

Eveline • “She [Eveline] sat at the window watching the evening invade the avenue. Her head was leaned against the window curtains, and in her nostrils was the odour of dusty cretonne. She was tired” (Little 1168). When saying she is looking out of the window is a classic symbol of her wanting to escape, it also indicates that she is feeling trapped in a way (Levin). There is now evidence as we closely examine James Joyce’s words that Eveline had a lot on her shoulders. • ‘Eveline’ starts off her looking out the window and thinking of the life she used to have. For example, “a field where they used to play”(1168). This gives the reader the idea Eveline has grown up a lot since that time and also that she might even miss her old lifestyle in a way. • She tells of how her “father use to hunt children out of the field with his blackthorn stick”(1168). • Then she comes to the present time when she and her siblings were all grown up and her mother was dead (1168). This shows that a lot of things have changed in her life. • She starts looking around her home and notices all the things that have always been there but she hasn’t really paid much attention to them because “she had never dreamed of being divided. ”(1168)

Eveline Courtesy of Goggle Images

• She starts looks at a photograph of a priest who had been a school friend of her fathers but she had never really known the man, and whenever Eveline’s father showed the picture to people he’d say, “he is in Melbourne now”(1168). This shows somewhat of a discomfort between her father and the priest. Something along the lines of jealous that the father stayed in Dublin while his friend went off to better and bigger things. • Eveline begins to weigh her options of staying home or leaving it she thought in a new home things would be different; she’d get the respect she really deserved from everyone around her. • She also thought about what would they say of her in the Store she worked in (1168). Indicating, that it was not proper at this time for a woman to just leave her family alone and run off with a man. Therefore Eveline had her reputation as well on the line. • Eveline then thought about how it would affect her family. • Her father used to give her Palpitations. “When they were growing up he had never gone for her, like he used to go for Harry and Ernest, because she was a girl; but latterly he had begun to threaten her and say what he would do to her only for her dead mother's sake”. Also, he was, known to take Eveline's entire wages(1169). This shows some of the reasons why Eveline might want to leave her home.

• With her mother’s death Eveline was left the only woman in the household. This left her with plenty of chores to do such as buying groceries, taking care of her ungrateful father, and looking after two young children as if they were her own (1169). It was a “miserable life” she’d say. • Eveline began to think of life with Frank, who is the man she was courting. • Frank was a very “kind, manly, and open-hearted” man. • Her father didn’t approve of their relationship which caused them to meet secretly and make their love grow even more(1169). • Frank asks Eveline to run away from her ‘safe’ home and go and live him to Buenos Aires(1171). She believed that Frank I in a way save her from a life she wasn’t really happy with.

• Eveline debate on leaving with Frank for a long time and at the end came to the conclusion that she should leave with him (1170). She states, “She had the right to happiness” • The next day she went to the North Wall to get on the ship to leave to Buenos Aires. She was standing next to Frank holding his hand (1171). • Suddenly she began to have doubts about leaving everything behind, she felt a ‘nausea through her body’ (1171). • Frank clenched her hand to go up to the ship but Eveline refuses and holds on to the rails tightly. • Frank is calling her Eveline but she does not decided to leave with him and they part.

Research One • “The fact that she is staring out of the window is a classically symbolic of the will to ‘escape’ as it automatically infers her feeling that she is ‘trapped’. This is seen similarly in other of ‘Dubliners’ stories and likewise in ‘Jude the Obscure’. The darkness of evening in combination with the foul smell contribute to the generally bleak and static atmosphere which are apparent as a major part of the depressing undertones of the book as a whole”.

Research Two • “In that time period, females were still viewed as less than the worth of men, unable to vote or hold positions of power, thus Eveline's father wasn't proud of her as he was of his sons. Eveline's father also made her give up her work wages. Consequentially, she was always broke and was aided by her brother, as her father wouldn't ever help out, saying Eveline "squandered" his hard-earned money. ”

Research Three • “Joyce’s Dubliners deals with ‘snapshots’ of early nineteenth century, predominantly lower class, Dublin life. Like many of these stories Eveline explores a girls hopes and dreams and her attempts to escape from her current life in search of something better. The relationship Eveline has with her family members distinctly shows that she feels alone in her present lifestyle. Her mother and Ernest, her eldest brother and ‘favourite’ are both dead - in itself tragic- along with Harry, her other brother, who was ‘nearly always down somewhere in the country’ and her father who is an alcoholic. ”

Thesis Statement Women’s social status during this time was an incredibly underprivileged and disadvantaged one, people below aristocracy in general were treated very poorly, never the less the women suffered the most, this affected Eveline to a great extent in the decisions she takes in her life.

Outline Thesis Statement: Women’s social status during this time was an incredibly underprivileged and disadvantaged one, people below aristocracy in general were treated very poorly, never the less the women suffered the most, this affected Eveline to a great extent in the decisions she takes in her life. I. Women’s social status during the time, when ‘Eveline’ takes place was an incredibly underprivileged and disadvantaged one, most people below aristocracy in general were treated very poorly, never the less the women were the ones who suffered the most. A. Eveline only knows of the Dublin lifestyle 1. Eveline is a nineteen year old girl, that knows nothing of life but her narrow view of the world that has she learned growing up in Dublin with her family A. Store where she works at would say appalling thing about her. II. She was not a very fortunate, terms relating to money. Moreover, Eveline was basically working in the shops just for her father because she gave her shillings to her father She [Eveline] always gave her entire wages-seven shillings- and Harry always sent up what he could…” (Little 1169). Seven shillings in that time is extremely scarce, and very hard to live off of.

When her mother died, Eveline being the only woman in the house hold caused poor Eveline to be in charge of almost every aspect of their home. also take care of her ungrateful father and two other siblings It is very obvious that she is not happy with her life of a housewife without a husband Her work as a woman never really seemed to be done. These generally negative descriptions make the reader empathize with her desire to leave and consequently making her failure even more tragic. IV. Any sane woman would die for the chance to runaway from her troubles and go live with her love in a place where she would be “respected”. Frank "was very kind, open-hearted" and after the "excitement" of being courted Eveline "had begun to like him". Frank can also give her a new life in Buenos Aires, and "perhaps love, too" and "she had the right to happiness. 1. “She had consented to go away, to leave her home. Was that wise? She tried to weigh each side of the question. In her home anyways she had shelter and food; she had those whom she had known all her life about her” (Little 1168).

Eveline had her reputation as well on the line. 1. She states that, “What would they say of her in the Stores…” (Little 1168). V. Unquestionably women’s social status during the time, when “Eveline’ takes place, was an incredibly underprivileged and disadvantaged one, most people below aristocracy in general were treated very poorly, never the less the women suffered the most, this affected Eveline to a great extent in the decisions she takes in her life. A. Eveline was tempted by his offer and was close to accept it, but she did not at the end, and decided to stay in Dublin and not take the risk. 1. In doing so, Eveline takes a bold decision that will probably impact her for the rest of her life.

Questions • What happened to Eveline’s mother? • If you were in Eveline’s situation, would you leave to Buenos Aires? • How do you think woman’s social position affected Eveline’s decision? • How did Eveline’s father parenting skills effected Eveline in the future? • Predict Eveline’s future, being as she didn’t leave with Frank.

FCAT Writes… Wednesday Many students acknowledge a nearsidedness or limited understanding when it comes to their own prejudices (preconceived judgments/opinions). Think about one area in which you’ve struggled with your own prejudices. Now write to explain how you could become more tolerant in this area.

Class Response… Thursday 1) Describe Humphrey Van Weyden’s character. Cite the text. 2) Describe Wolf Larsen’s character. Cite the text. 3) Describe the concept of “Social Darwinism”.

The Sea Wolf by Jack London Presentation by Tyler Borges World literature Honors Gifted Period 5 April 19, 2007

Book Introduction • The introduction to the Sea Wolf is a short overview of the life of it’s author, Jack London. • Jack London was San Francisco-born in 1876 • He was the illicit son of Flora Wellman and W. H. Chaney. He never knew the latter. • He spent his teenage years as an oyster pirate, a seaman, a Yukon prospector, and a tramp. It instilled in him a sympathy for the class of working people. • Nonetheless he did receive an education thanks to Ina Coolbrith. She was a librarian and poet laureate of California, who lent him books from her own collection. • London got married and for a year was at the University of California. Afterwards is when he made up his mind to devote himself to writing, his heroes of which were Kipling and Stevenson.

Introduction • He came to enthusiastically believe in socialism, and “at the same time he was also attracted to Nietzsche’s doctrine of the superman who ruled the ‘slave mass’. -a theory he claimed later to repudiate in the Sea Wolf” (1904). • Publication of his many works followed soon afterwards, such as The Son of the Wolf (1900), The Call of the Wild (around 1903), White Fang (1906), and The Iron Heel (1907) and Martin Eden (1909). • Jack London was very well known and very well-paid by the year 1913. • For all the worth of this wealth London spent his final years in despair, dying at age 40 in 1916. Besides a case of uremia, is possible he killed himself by drug overdose.

Chapter 1 • The narrator reflects that his journey began when he had gone to visit a friend, Charley Furuseth, and was returning one January Monday morning (London 1). • He was on a ferry steamer called the Martinez as it went from Sausalito to San Francisco. A fog was heavy in the bay; that’s where the danger was (1). • “I took up my position on the forward upper deck, directly beneath the pilot house, and allowed the mystery of the fog to lay hold of my imagination (1). ” • He affects on how only certain people know about navigation and the sea, and how that is convenient for people who know a lot less (1). • The narrator sees a stout gentleman reading an essay he wrote on Poe (2).

Chapter 1 • A red-faced man on artificial legs enters the cabin and after pacing back and forth ends up by the narrator. He Looked like he was enjoying something and the narrator figured he had spent much time at sea (2). • The red-faced man remarks that weather puts strain on people, though the narrator does not agree, figures sailing is easy, and that it has to do with “mathematical certainty” (2). • The red-faced man counters and asks if the other can mathematically figure out the actions of the water, as in speed and direction (2). • A bell-buoy can be heard, the ship quickly changes course as the pilot turns the wheel rapidly, and the ship’s whistle sounds (2). • The newcomer describes and interprets the new whistles that sound off, like from a ferry-boat or a schooner (2).

Chapter 1 • The ferry-boat blows repeated blasts on the whistle, and the whistle from the schooner, which is mouth-blown, sounds terrified (3). • The man with a red face continues to interpret “the speech of the horns and sirens”. He says to the left one could hear a steam siren. On the schooner, it sounds like the whistle blower has a frog in his throat as the vessel goes opposite the tide (3). • “A shrill little whistle, piping as if gone mad, came from directly ahead and from very near at hand. gongs sounded on the Martinez (3). ” • “Our paddle-wheel stopped, their pulsing beat died away, and then they started again. ” A shrill whistle shoots through the fog and travels to one side as it grows fainter (3). • The narrator doesn’t understand; his companion and explains (3).

Chapter 1 • The ship with a shrill whistle has been launched and is being sailed by daredevils, he explains, who run amuck on the sea and make a loud noise just so everyone knows they are there and to watch out because they can’t watch out for themselves (3). • The red-faced man gives way to indignant pacing while the narrator reminisces on the romance of fog that some people want to explore. Men grope blindly through what they can’t see and succumb to uncertainty and fear (3). • The narrator is pulled into the mystery himself until his companion pulls him back (3). • The wind is blowing in the wrong direction and a vessel sailing speedily in their direction can’t hear them (4). The narrator correctly guesses that it is a ferry boat (4). • The fog seemed to subside a little bit as the bow of a steamboat emerged into sight, trailing bits of fog (4).

Chapter 1 • The pilot stares out of the pilot house and tries to find the invisible danger among the fog (4). • The pilot of the other boat seems calm as if he accepts destiny and is trying to figure out exactly when the collision will happen. He doesn’t notice when the pilot of the Martinez gets white with rage at him (4). • The red-faced man tells the narrator to hold onto something sturdy but he can’t get a hold before the vessels actually collide (4). • The narrator didn’t see the steamboat during the collision and almost instantaneously a boat he was on keeled over and timber crashed. He was thrown on his back and heard women scream before he could even scramble back to his feet (4 -5). • It was a narrator who remember the life preserver is it headed them to everyone (5).

Chapter 1 • The red-faced man put the life preservers on all the women, Showing an instance teamwork with the narrator (5). • In describing how he remembers the incident the narrator points out a hole in the cabin, through which the fog is coming, the upholstered seats that show people suddenly left them, the man who had been reading asking if danger was afoot, and the work of fitting women with life preservers (5). • The fact that the women are screaming so much puts the red-faced man in a furious state. It puts the narrator in mind of pigs at the slaughterhouse or rats in a trap (5). Maybe this points out how the human mind can work under pressure or in a terrified condition. • The narrator is horrified and brings himself on deck where he hears and sees man rushing to get boats in the water. He compares it to things he read in books (6).

Chapter 1 • Every paying is in a state of utter chaos as tackles stop working and boats fill with water (6). It can be compared to things going wrong, even horribly wrong, when it is most needed for them to go right. It’s like when the printer malfunctions before a report is due. • People are hopeful that the offending vessel will send boats of rescue to them (6). • The narrator sees it is utter chaos as he goes below deck. People are leaping into the water and then quickly clamoring to be taken up but are not heeded. The narrator gets caught up in the panic and jumps overboard himself, immediately realizing how cold (and salty) the water is. It grips like death (6). • It becomes evident that the offending vessel has actually sent boats to rescue them. While listening to the sound of approaching orders the narrator wonders at how he is still alive (6).

• • • Chapter 1 The waves continue to break over him. It gets increasingly difficult to distinguish between noises. People scream for a last time and he realizes the Martinez has gone down (6). He must have drifted off into unconsciousness because he suddenly comes to with fear, and quickly realizes he is alone and can hear nothing but the waves about him (6). He remarks that he is in solitary panic, which is worse than a panic in a crowd (6 -7). He wonders if he is floating outwards to sea and wonders if his life preserver will continue to keep him afloat or lose its buoyancy when it becomes saturated with water (7). He goes somewhat mad for a while and lets loose a scream similar to those of the women before the boat sank. With numb hands he beat the water (7). His mind goes blank, and when he comes to again he sees a huge vessel coming near(7).

Chapter 1 • As the vessel passes him water is sent surging over his head. He can neither get a form hold in the wood with his nails or call out to be noticed that way (7). • As a ship dips in the hollow of a wave, the narrator catches a glimpse of those who are on deck, including someone at the wheel, and another who passes an “unpremeditated glance” at the sea (7). • The latter absentmindedly sees the man in trouble in the water, just as the narrator was fretting that he wouldn’t, and takes command of the ship, making it sail from view in the fog (8). • Unconsciousness was beginning to take over the narrator again when it warns were heard striking the water and coming closer to him. Just before darkness completely encased him, he was asked why he didn’t “sing out” (8).

Chapter 2 • Humphrey van Weyden is long in returning to consciousness. The first thing he experiences is blackness in which he is swinging like a pendulum. He hears a rhythmical, loud banging. He’s sure it’s a dream as he flies through time and the heavens (8). The blackness reminds one of the similar experience of Wolf Larsen as his deteriorating health leaves him blind (816). • All of a sudden, the movement increases in rapidity, as the swings become shorter and more hasty. He goes from swing to counter swing with such rush as it unnerves him (8). • Fire seems to torment him as he feels like he’s being dragged through scorching sands. This particular point would give even more proof that though the narrator is apart from the physical, visible world, he recalls factors from that world and applies it to his experiences. If this were not expressed, one might think he was dead.

Chapter 2 • Sparks fly past him, as if he and the swinging system are dropping into a void (80). • He catches his breath and opens his eyes to see two men over him (8). He is on a ship at sea, which explains the swinging, that is causing a frying pan to clang from its hanging point (the gong) (8 -9). One of the men, a Scandinavian, above him is chafing his skin with rough hands that draw blood until he is told to stop by the other man, a Cockney (9). • The Cockney asks how the narrator is doing, putting Humphrey Van Weyden in mind of a person seeking tips. for reply Humphrey Van Weyden struggles to stand. When he can he reaches across the hot stove to the clanging frying pan and lodges it in the coal box (9). • The Cockney smiles at this and offers him coffee, which though disgusting is revivifying (9).

Chapter 2 • Humphrey thanks Mr. Yonson, the one who had been chafing his chest, though he does ask if he thought the action was a bit much (9). • Mr. Yonson holds up his calloused hands, the reason for Humphrey’s discomfort, and tells Humphrey that his name is actually Johnson (9). • Humphrey asks the cook the Cockney if any dry clothes are available for him. The Cockney replies that there are if he doesn’t object to wearing his (the cook’s), which he goes to retrieve(10). • When he leaves Humphrey asks Johnson what boat he is on, where it’s going. He finds he is on the Ghost which is bound for Japan on a seal-hunting expedition. He also asks who the Captain is so he could talk to him, and is told it is Wolf Larson, who is angry today (10)

Chapter 2 • The Cockney returns with the clothes and tells Johnson that he better be onboard deck so as not to fall short of the Captain’s favor. Johnson leaves and Humphrey’s left with the Cockney, who gives him an outfit of wet ship’s clothes (10). • The Cockney comments about how Humphrey’s skin is soft like a lady’s, which only furthers Humphrey’s dislike of him, started from the start (11). • Humphrey thanks the Cockney, whose name is Thomas Mugridge. Thomas becomes smug, as if expecting a tip. or so Humphrey thinks (11). • Mugridge steps aside and allows Van Weyden out on deck, where he observes the weather and more closely the attention given to a man lying on the floor amidships (12). The man is having trouble breathing and is periodically doused with salt water by one of the sailors (12 to 13).

Chapter 2 • Humphrey notices the man who had seen him in the ocean and caused him to be rescued. What strikes him most about this man is strength that it’s hard to add currently described and seems associated to primitive creatures (13). • It’s as if the strength shown here only advertises the immense store of the potency contained in this one person (13). • Humphrey gets a signal from the cook that makes him realize that this person with the immense strength is the person he must talk to. he is the captain (13). • Just as he is starting forward, he views the scene of the dying man writhing an effort to get air, and finally dying (14). • Surprisingly, after the man dies, Wolf Larsen the Captain lets loose a stream of curses upon the man, completely shocking the narrator, who until then had not known death to be so terrible (14).

Chapter 2 • It is as if Wolf Larsen was containing his anger. Then when the man died he let himself express the anger, so that then he would not have to deal with the comeback of the other man. • Throughout all this the dead man stares placidly and seems to smile sardonically and defiantly, as if knowing he was above the goings-on (15).

Chapter 3 • Suddenly Wolf Larsen stop swearing and calls the cook (15). • He gives a cook an odd order, to stop stretching his neck so much or his health will deteriorate. The cook Thomas Mugridge is now needed as mate and can not afford to be lost. he quails at the question of whether or not he understands; he does (15). • The rest of the crew are now uninterested and go about their own conversations (15). This will point out that human interest can only be held for so long and only by certain media, such as the talk everyone can hear. • Humphrey takes notice of the crew especially the hunters who he later realizes are “a very superior breed to common sailor folk”(15). • Wolf Larsen now calls another sailor, Johansson, and orders him to sew up the deceased man in canvas(15).

Chapter 3 • Johansen consents, and asks what to put on the feet of the dead man (15). It turns out that coal will be used, once found by Thomas Mugeridge (16). • Wolf Larsen asks the hunters if there is a Bible amongst them. There is none. Nor is there any amongst the watch below (16). • Upon hearing this Wolf Larsen decides to have the funeral without any proper burial service unless Humphrey knows it by heart (16). • He asks Humphrey if he is a preacher or not, and Humphrey does not immediately answer because he is observing the physical makeup of the Captain (16 -17). When he does answer, he says no (17). • Wolf Larsen asks what it is he does for a living, sneering when Humphrey says he is a gentleman and in a way confides that he is living off his father’s income, or so the captain interprets it (17 -18).

Chapter 3 • Wolf Larsen seems to muse aloud as he tells Humphrey he is not self-sufficient, he relies on others (18). The civilization or society where Humphrey was raised seems to give individuals an opportunity to thrive monetarily upon the efforts of those preceding people such as parents. This is in a way social Darwinism, or at least related to it, because here is an example of helping those who are not fit to survive on their own, frowned upon by extreme social Darwinists (thinkquest 1). • In a quickness almost inconceivable, Wolf Larsen takes hold of Humphrey’s hand examines how soft it is. It is good, he remarks, for very little except washing dishes and doing other fairly easy tasks (18). • Humphrey now takes the chance to tell the captain that he wishes to return to shore and promises to pay for damages in time loss and trouble (18).

Chapter 3 • Wolf Larsen gives Humphrey an odd look and seems to mock him with his eyes. He would rather keep Humphrey upon the boat for the castaway’s sake, to make him into something that can live on its own (18). If this is social Darwinism and we know Wolf Larsen wants to stay on top, why would he want Humphrey to become more successful in life? • Humphrey does not take notice of this as he sees potential salvation in another boat that is going the opposite direction (18 -19). • He observes that the boat may be heading to San Francisco, upon which the captain agrees but seems to cast aside as he calls the cook out again to bring a certain boy to him (19). • Mugridge returns with a boy who turns out to be George Leach, a name the captain does not believe to be Irish, though the boy looks it (19). • Wolf Larsen insults him (19).

Chapter 3 • Wolf Larsen goes on to figure out how the boycott to be on his ship, who supplied the monetary means, and how old he is (1920). • He assigns the boy to be a boat-puller, a sort of promotion, as he sees it, and he promotes other people as well. Leach is determined not to take the promotion and fall into this new position (20). • again showing great speed and strength Wolf Larsen rushes forward and strikes the boy in the stomach with his fist, causing a sympathetic shock in Humphrey’s own stomach (20 -21). • Humphrey’s attention has now turned back to the nearby ship, who according to Wolf Larsen is the pilot less, San Franciscobound Lady Mine (21). • Humphrey barely hesitates and rushes to the side of the ship he is on and tries to grab the attention of those on board the other ship (21).

Chapter 3 • At any moment Humphrey expects to be killed by a single blow for the captain who stands behind him (21). • When he finally succeeds in gaining their attention, Wolf Larsen intervenes by making Humphrey seem like a crazy person. The people on the other ship see this as true and continue on their way (21 -22). This must mean that Wolf Larsen is, for some reason, determined to keep Humphrey on the ship and force him to become more than what he is now. • Humphrey is asked if he will finally accept his duties. He tries one more time to convince the captain monetarily to return him to shore. But Wolf Larsen will have none of that. All that is left for Humphrey to do is submit to the will of this cruel captain (22). Again looms the subject of social Darwinism, as the fittest and strongest put the weakest and lowest into servitude beneath them.

Chapter 3 • Attention returns to the dead man and the funeral still at hand (23). • Until now Humphrey has always seen death as sacred. The funeral proceedings convince him otherwise (23). • Humphrey notices the tension that the captain causes among the crew (23). • After the ship is quickly doused by a huge wave of salt water, and amongst some confusion, the funeral proceeds simply in dropping the dead man overboard and letting it get weighed down in the water by a sack of coal (24 -25). • As the ship goes farther and farther from the coast, Humphrey looks toward California through the heavily falling rain (25).

Courtesy of yahoo images

Chapter 4 • Humphrey is trying to settle in to his new environment, dealing with the fact that he is now worth virtually nothing to the rest of the crew members (25). • He is finding a increasingly difficult to cope with Thomas Mugridge, who was showing him the things he needs to do in his new position (25). • Humphrey knows next to nothing about domestic labor and never ceases to amaze Thomas, who is hateful in not knowing himself the life Humphrey’s more used to and what it means to be knocked down so low (25). People raised in separate spheres of society, one higher, one lower, would probably never get such a chance to see how the other one lives. If they do it would be no wonder that they would be ignorant of each other’s customs.

Chapter 4 • Humphrey relates an incident where he was setting things in place for a meal on board when the crew was met with a huge wave of salt water (26). • Before the wave actually collides with the ship someone notifies in odd vernacular that it is coming. Humphrey doesn’t understand what this means and hesitates, watching people dive for cover behind the galley door or up in the sails. Wolf Larsen yells down and commands him to grab hold of something but the wave comes in too quickly for action (26). • Humphrey is swept up by the wave and in its terrible strength is painfully dashed upon many hard things before he is released (26). • He realizes his leg is badly hurt when Thomas calls to him in fury about how he is such a slob, blowing up even more at Humphrey’s expression of pain (26 -27).

Chapter 4 • Humphrey goes around finishing the task at hand, knowing he has gained an injured knee and a nickname, “Hump”, for the way Wolf Larsen addressed him before the wave hit (27). • Later Wolf Larson tells Humphrey to not worry about his leg so much, for through the cripple he may learn to walk. Humphrey points out that it is a paradox, impressing the captain, who plans to talk with him later (27). • With relief Humphrey retires to his own bunk, contemplating how his treatment would be better if he were still on land, complete with trained medical official and strict instructions for bed rest (28). • Humphrey sees that life on the Ghost can be savage and childish, childish in an argument over something so small as a young seal’s instincts (28 -29). • Humphrey also points out the nauseating habit of the crew to smoke (29).

Chapter 4 • Humphrey feels utterly out of place in this new environment where everyone is of a lower intellectual status than himself. Also, as he is has used his head more than his body, he is completely unfit at this point for the physical labor bound to come (29 -30). • He imagines the people he left behind in San Francisco how well they must be living right now, then drearily returns his attention to the environment he is now in. his imagination runs amok through the long, long night (30).

Author and social context • As stated in the introduction Jack (John Griffith) London was born in 1876 in San Francisco (Stasz 1). This is probably why he chose to set his main character, Humphrey Van Weyden, as a native of San Francisco. • He was the son of Flora Wellman, who had a wealthy background, and possibly William Chaney, an astrologist, lawyer, and journalist. His parents were unmarried and he never met his father (1). The comfortable monetary lifestyle of his mother may have given London the model for the well-todo Humphrey Van Weyden, and his possible father the characteristics of the writer and intellect. • Ex-slave Virginia Prentiss was an extremely maternal figure to Jack London while his mother was ill (1). • Late in the same year that her son was born, Flora took John London, a Civil War veteran, as her husband (1). • The three settled in Oakland after moving around the Bay. Their young Jack finished grammar school there (1). • The family was working class but not very impoverished (1).

author and social context • The author to be did not become Jack London until his adolescent years, during which he took jobs of hard labor, such as oyster pirating, working with the fish patrol (1). • Afterwards he journeyed through the Pacific on a ship bound for seal hunting (1). This alludes to the topic of the sealing schooner in the book. Perhaps it had a lasting effect on the author to have been employed in one of his most notable literary works. • “He joined Kelly’s army of unemployed working men, hoboed around the country, and return to attend high school at age 19 (1). ” • He came to know socialism, many times ran for mayor, and as a studious reader submitted many works to publications but was seldom successful (1). • He wrote as an escape route from the horrible life of working in a factory (1).

Author and social context • The winter of 1897 was spent in the Yukon. The time here allowed Jack London metaphorical gold for the works he was to publish in 1899 and afterwards (1). • After that point Jack London became dedicated and disciplined in his writing, producing many a work that gave him great fame (2). • Through his many works he discussed alcoholism, capitalism, leprosy, Hawaiian popularizing, socialism, women’s suffrage, and prohibition (2). • Social Darwinism prominent during Jack London’s time. This topic he chose to use in his works, especially the Sea Wolf where survival of the fittest is the major theme (2). • At times London could be contradictory to himself. He accepted social Darwinism, yet feared the ruining of cultures that social Darwinism would bring(2).

Author and social context • He supported movements for women’s rights and yet was patriarchal to his daughters and wives (2). • When London became interested in agriculture he wrote to support it and the building of his Beauty Ranch in Glen Ellen. He used natural resources there like rock and lumber to build his Wolf House, as the Arts and Crafts philosophy had inspired him (2). • In 1900 London married Bess Maddern, with whom he had daughters Joan and Bess (3). • He was following a theory he co-wrote in a book which said that his mate was to be chosen not for love but for good breeding. Interestingly enough, Bess agreed on this point. They divorced sometime later, after London had been following an affair with Charmain Kittredge (3).

Author social context • It was 1905 when Landon married his “Mate Woman”, who he inspired to write (3). • Jack Leno was 30 when his kidneys developed a disease whose origin was unknown (3). • He finally died on November 22 of 1916 from renal failure (3). • After he died it was believed that he had died from suicide as an alcoholic and a womanizer, though recent findings downplay this myth (3). • He remained wide known because his many works were translated into several languages (3). • His works were more extensively read in countries outside of the United States (3).

Social context • Social Darwinism was prominent when Jack London was alive. • The belief in social Darwinism became the most popular during the late Victorian era and was mostly observed in the U. S. and Europe (thinkquest 1) • The belief was that society should only be populated by those fittest for survival (1). • If someone was weak it was only right for them to die (1). • It was at the expense of the weak that the strong lived (1). • Not only was social Darwinism natural, was also correct (1). • Since humans wanted to survive at the expense of others, it was widely used in areas such as colonialism and the military. In the latter, casualties were knocked off as simply weeding out undesirable genes (1).

• Social Darwinism went hand-in-hand with the “white man’s burden” (2). Wouldn’t this put one in mind of the Heart of Darkness, in which people invaded and exploited new worlds and used natives as people lower than themselves? • Also part of the thinking process of extreme social Darwinism was a restraint of giving out help to the poor, monetarily or otherwise (2).

Literary Criticism • It was first-hand experiences of Jack London and the society in which he grew up and lived that gave literary fodder for works of literature like the Sea Wolf that are still so well renowned (Quirk and Scharnhorst 1026). • Many of the thoughts portrayed in central character Wolf Larsen are reflective of London’s own thoughts (Reesman 4). • Life is a continuing struggle for survival and a place to call one’s own, and annihilation of people considered lower than others can become fascinating enough to inspire the effort to write about them (Needler 1). • Things of absolute natural being and topics of the dangerous hardly ever cease drawing attention and capturing the mind of the reader, as long as the elusive is always pursued (Knott 1).

Literary Criticism • In writing works like the Sea Wolf, London was trying to send a message to humanity about denial of philosophy and how what is gained can ultimately be lost (Sinclair 4). • Perhaps the domineering actions of wolf larsen are multifaceted; he could be making war against peace, or perhaps he truly does intend to disrupt a sense of social order all together (Yavetz 1).

• • Outline Thesis statement: Portrayed throughout The Sea Wolf is the continuing theme of desertion, as one and many a man turn away from civilized society, and the more important definition and value of life. Through unfortunate events, Humphrey Van Weyden is forced to leave behind the ordered society of the United States. • The social order is a system of classes to which certain people belong. – Humphrey Van Weyden is of the more intellectual, higher class. – Those qualified to do so take positions or careers that allow ease of living for others.

Outline • Individuals are torn from civilization. – First the captive tries to persuade the commander of the other ship monetarily into hearing his case and taking him back to shore. – Wolf Larsen intervenes, causing the other captain to act by sailing off. • Wolf Larsen subverts the social order. – He imposes his own sense of order. – He upsets the social order as defined by the world beyond his ship

• Outline In the character of Larsen we see the value of life reduced to its lowest form. • Wolf Larsen likens life to a lowly thing. – He asserts that life is nothing more than yeast particles moving about for the sake of moving. – All the yeast bits are trying to survive being eaten by each other. • Wolf Larsen’s healthy condition decreases and abandons him. – He suffers from severe headaches that leave him “feeble”. – Slowly he becomes paralyzed, until inwardly he is alive, without he is motionless and dead.

Works cited • Knott, John. “Edward Abbey and the Romance of the Wilderness. ” Literary Resource Center. 1996. Thomson Gale. 18 Apr. 2007 <http: //galenet. galegroup. com> • Needler, George Henry. “An excerpt from Nibelungenlied. “ Literary Resource Center. 1904. Thomson Gale. 18 Apr. 2007 <http: //galenet. galegroup. com> • Reesman, Jeanne. “American Naturalism in Short Fiction. ” Literary Resource Center. Winter 1997. Thomson Gale. 18 Apr. 2007 http: //galenet. galegroup. com • Sinclair, Upton. “About Jack London. ” Literary Resource Center. 1917. Thomson Gale. 18 Apr. 2007 http: //galenet. galegroup. com • Stasz, Clarice. “Jack [John Griffith] London. ” Sonoma. 19 Aug. 2001. unclear. Yahoo. 18 Apr. 2007 http: //london. sonoma. edu/jackbio. html

Works Cited • Benjamin Bloom. “Bloom’s Taxonomy. ” Learning Skills Program. 1984. Pearson Education. 18 Apr. 2007 http: //www. coun. uvic. ca/learn/program/handouts/bloom. html • “Social Darwinism. ” Thinkquest. Unknown. Yahoo. 18 Apr. 2007 http: //library. thinkquest. org/C 004367/eh 4. shtml • Yavetz, Zwi. “Caesar and Ceasarism in the Historical Writing of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Century. ” Literary Resource Center. 1983. Thomson Gale. 18 Apr. 2007 http: //galenet. galegroup. com • Artist not listed. “Sea Wolf Audio Cover. ” 2001. Online image. Audio Books Online. 18 Apr. 2007 http: //audiobooksonline. com/shopsite/158788612 X. html • Artist not listed. “Jack London. ” year unknown. Online Image. Viajeros. com. 18 Apr. 2007 <http: //viajeros. com/article 189. html>

Bloom Questions • Knowledge: What circumstances left Humphrey Van Weyden on the Ghost? • Comprehension: Interpret Larsen’s remark about Leach’s mother. • Application: Can you apply the method used to keep Humphrey on board to some experience of your own? • Analysis: What events would have happened if the men from the Lady Mine had become more interested in taking Humphrey to shore? • Synthesis: How many ways can you see that Humphrey and Larsen are similar? • Evaluation: How would you have handled life on the Ghost?

Jack London • courtesy of • Yahoo • Images

Class Response… Friday 1) Respond to Hump’s recollection of events on the Ghost (30).

Jack London- Google Images The Animal Inside of You (Sea Wolf-Chapters 5 -9) The Sea Wolf By Jack London- Google Images Justin Ruiz English I Gifted/ Honors Period 4 4/20/07

Chapter 5 • Humphrey’s first night in the steerage, was his last (London 31). • He was sent to change cabins with Johansen, due to Johansen’s talking and shouting at night (31). • Hump’s second day on the Ghost (31): • Thomas Mugridge, the cook aboard the Ghost, wakes up one of the hunters and has a shoe tossed at him which gives him a bruised and swollen ear after which he is nicknamed “cauliflower ear” (31).

Chapter 5 • Humphrey realizes that he is missing some money that he had left in his clothes (one-hundred and eighty-five dollars)(31). • He goes to talk to the cook about it, and the cook responds in a hostile manner that he did not expect (31). • “Look ’ere, ’Ump, ” he began, a malicious light in his eyes and a snarl in his throat; “d’ye want yer nose punched? If you think I’m a thief, just keep it to yerself, or you’ll find ’ow bloody well mistyken you are. Strike me blind if this ayn’t gratitude for yer! ’Ere you come, a pore mis’rable specimen of ’uman scum, an’ I tykes yer into my galley an’ treats yer ’ansom, an’ this is wot I get for it. Nex’ time you can go to ’ell, say I, an’ I’ve a good mind to give you what-for anyw’y” (31, 32).

Chapter 5 • The cook then puts up his fists and Humphrey runs away scared (32). He earns the name Hump from then on after the cook’s speech. • Hump was picking up ashes as he noticed Wolf Larsen and Henderson in a deep conversation. He notices Johnson (a sailor) who makes a sudden motion with his head. Hump mistakes it for a good morning, and throws the ashes overboard, and the wind blew the ashes back to Wolf and Henderson (33). • After the incident, Wolf Larsen kicks Humphrey violently (33).

Chapter 5 • He goes into Wolf’s state-room, and surprisingly saw a rack full of books (33, 34). • “I believe that life is a mess, ” he answered promptly. “It is like yeast, a ferment, a thing that moves and may move for a minute, an hour, a year, or a hundred years, but that in the end will cease to move. The big eat the little that they may continue to move, the strong eat the weak that they may retain their strength (35). • The quote above shows his way of looking at life as a race to see who survives longer; a race in which everyone ends up dying in the end. The quote means it's a matter of how long you can survive.

Chapter 5 • “For, look you, they dream of making lucky voyages which will bring them more money, of becoming the mates of ships, of finding fortunes - in short, of being in a better position for preying on their fellows, of having all night in, good grub and somebody else to do the dirty work. You and I are just like them. There is no difference, except that we have eaten more and better. I am eating them now, and you too. But in the past you have eaten more than I have. You have slept in soft beds, and worn fine clothes, and eaten good meals. Who made those beds? and those clothes? and those meals? Not you” (36).

Chapter 5 • In this specific moment, Wolf is telling Hump that he has not worked for any of the things he has in life. Everything was always handed to him and he was never forced to do things for himself. “They made the clothes, but they shiver in rags and ask you, the lawyer, or business agent who handles your money, for a job. ” (36). He is the one with all the money when he hasn’t done anything, while the ones making everything he uses live in poverty and beg him for jobs to get money to survive.

Chapter 6 • Hump learns new things about the Ghost and its carriers: • The Ghost is considered the fastest schooner in both the San Francisco and Victoria fleets (38). • Wolf Larsen has an unpleasant reputation. He dismasted the Ghost in a gale on Bering Sea. • Most of the sailors signed on the boat without knowing anything about the boat or the captain (38).

Chapter 6 • Louis, one of the very best boat-steerers, signed on because he was drunk (39). • Wolf shot four of his men, and that same year he killed a man with a blow of his fist (38). • He had guests come on his boat with their wives. He left the men behind and left the wives ashore on an island to walk the mountains on their straw sandals that couldn’t even hang together for a mile(38).

Chapter 6 • ‘Jock’ Horner is quiet and easygoing guy who killed his boat-steerer. • Smoke- was stealing on an island was chained in a mine, hand foot, to his mate whom he sent up in the buckets to the top of the mine, “a piece at a time he went up, a leg to-day, an' to-morrow an arm, the next day the head, an' so on” (40).

Chapter 6 • There was a clumsy-looking, country boy named Harrison, and Johansen called out to him to go out to the halyards (eighty feet above the deck). There was a breeze and waves which could “snap a man off like a fly from a whip-lash. • Harrison almost falls because the boat jumped and he lost his grip. Somehow he manages to save himself with his legs, hanging head downward (44). • Johansen urges him to go back and finish his task of shifting over the fore-gaff-topsail (44).

Chapter 6 • Standish, a hunter, speaks to Wolf regarding Harrison. He says "that's my boat-puller, and I don't want to lose him” (45). • To this Wolf replies, "He's your boat- puller when you've got him in the boat; but he's my sailor when I have him aboard, and I'll do what I damn well please with him" (45). • Following Wolf’s comment Standish tries to argue back but Wolf answers, "I've told you what's what, and let it stop at that. The man's mine, and I'll make soup of him and eat it if I want to" (45).

Chapter 6 • In those words you can see the cold heartedness in Wolf. You notice that he does not care for Harrison’s life is worthless to him and Wolf will do as he pleases with him, without caring if he dies or not. Harrison’s life was worthless to the other sailors as well and nobody tried to stop what was going on, except for Standish. But I’m sure that if that was not his boat-puller he would have been no more than amused.

Chapter 6 • When he finally shifted over the topsail he was too frightened to go down. His eyes were wide and staring, and he was trembling violently, helpless with fright (45). • Half an hour passed, and Johnson crossed the deck, sprang forward and began to climb but he was caught by Wolf and ordered to get down (46).

Chapter 6 • Wolf Larsen and Hump were talking about what had just happened with Harrison when Wolf says that, out of cheap things, life is the cheapest and that it has no value. He adds that there is an overflow of lives and when one dies a thousand more are born (48).

Chapter 7 • This is when they finally catch the north-east trades, which are winds that take them without them having to do much work after that (49). • After they catch the trade winds it seems as though everything is peaceful on the boat and everyone is just enjoying the ride, with Wolf even adding some poetry to it. (50) • You see some irony in Hump’s conversation with Wolf where Wolf says he’s happy to live life and Hump quotes him saying “life is valueless” (50).

Chapter 7 • Hump notices that Johnson enjoys spending time watching the Ghost chop the water under the press of sail (50). • “Of course life is valueless, except to itself. And I can tell you that my life is pretty valuable just now - to myself” (50). • This is Wolf answering that life is valueless except to the person that is living it, in which he says “I can tell you that my life is pretty valuable just now - to myself”. That his life is precious to him, and that his life is the only one that matters to him, as it should be for everyone else, too, according to Wolf.

Chapter 8 • Hump thinks sometimes Wolf is mad but that he is a great man and a genius that has never arrived. Also, that he is the perfect type of the primitive man, born generations too late. He describes him as an individualist, who is very lonely, adding that there is no congeniality between him and the rest of the men on board, who are more like children to him (52). • Hump realizes he has yet to see him really angry but he does not wish to (53).

Stack of playing cards- Google Images Chapter 8 • Wolf started playing a game of cards called Nap with Mugridge (53). • They clinked their glasses, lit their cigars and played cards for money(53). • It seemed that Wolf was cheating because he won steadily (53, 54). • Mugridge made several journeys to his bunk for money, but he never brought more than a few dollars (54).

Chapter 8 Money- Google Images • After a few hands and some whiskey, the cook could hardly see the cards or sip up straight but Wolf seemed unaffected by the drinks although he drank glass after glass and had fuller glasses (54). • Mugridge lost all his money and Hump was ordered to take him onto the deck, and was told to tell Johnson to douse him with a few buckets of salt water (54). • As Wolf was counting his earnings he says, "One hundred and eighty-five dollars even, " he said aloud. "Just as I thought. "The beggar came aboard without a cent“ (54).

Chapter 8 • "And what you have won is mine, sir, " Hump claims; to which Wolf responds, "Was mine, " you should have said, not "is mine, " saying his grammar is tangled (54). • "It is a question, not of grammar, but of ethics, " Hump answered (54). Wolf is impressed by his use of the word ethics because it was the first time that he had ever heard a man say that word, and he believes Hump and himself are the only men who know the meaning of the word (55).

Chapter 8 • Wolf adds that he has been dreaming all his life to some day talk with men who used such language (55). • You can tell that Wolf is excited to have been able to make his dream come true and actually hold a conversation with some one of intelligence. Additionally, it is obvious that he did not come from a place that was very educated and he has not been around intellectual people.

Chapter 8 • Once again Wolf and Hump discuss the meaning of life (55, 56, 57, 58). • “Nor will the eternal movelessness that is coming to me be made easier or harder by the sacrifices or selfishnesses of the time when I was yeasty and acrawl” (57). • This quote is said by Wolf regarding his views on life. He sees life from a perspective where being good is pointless, as there is no reward in doing so.

Cleaning dishes-Google Images Chapter 8 • It was getting late and supper was not yet served. Hump is ready to go about his duties but Wolf tells Mugridge, "Cooky, you've got to hustle to-night. I'm busy with Hump, and you'll do the best you can without him“ (58). • That night, Hump ate with Wolf and the hunters, while Thomas waited on them and cleaned dishes (58). • Hump predicted that this privilege would bring him trouble later on(58).

Chapter 9 • Hump felt blessed being able to sit with Wolf and get rest and just talk as Thomas did all the work (58). • He was talking to Wolf and started questioning him and bringing up his beliefs as intensely as Wolf often did to others. This resulted in Wolf springing at him, grabbing his arm. He gripped him by the biceps with his single hand, and caused Hump to shriek aloud (59).

Chapter 9 • As Hump laid on the floor in agony, Wolf lit a cigar, sat down, and watched him as a cat watches a mouse (59). • Here you can see that you can never get too comfortable with Wolf because although he might invite you to sit with him and chat to save you from your duties, that won’t stop him from abusing you.

Chapter 9 • The next day, as Hump was peeling potatoes Wolf came over to ask how his arm was doing. Wolf picks up a potato from the pan and closes his hand on it, squeezes and the potato squirted out through his fingers (59). • This action made Hump realize what might have happened to him if Wolf had used full force on him (60). Peeling a potato-Google Images

Chapter 9 • When Hump when back to work, Thomas Mugridge’s intentions were to make him pay for the three days he had spent with Wolf. He cursed at him, and heaped his own work on Hump (60). • He even rose his fists but Hump, who is becoming animal-like aboard the Ghost, snarled in his face, and Mugridge backed away (60). • Mugridge notices Hump is no longer afraid of him so he intimidates Hump by carrying a knife with him at all times (60).

Chapter 9 Sharpening a knife. Google Images • The cook borrowed a stone and spent all day sharpening the knife while glancing at Hump (60). • Hump would later learn that Mugridge was indeed capable of using the knife but in the meantime, rumors were going around that "Cooky's sharpening his knife for Hump, " among the sailors, and some of them bothered Hump about it (61).

Chapter 9 • George Leach, was one of the sailors that doused Mugridge after the game of cards with the captain. He had done his task with such diligence that Mugridge had not forgiven (61). • Mugridge rips his right arm open from elbow to wrist with a quick slash of his knife (61). • Leach took it quite calmly, though blood was spilling all over the deck nonstop(61).

Chapter 9 • Leach said "I'm goin' to get you, Cooky, and I'll get you hard. And I won't be in no hurry about it" (61). • Mugridge's face was discolored with fear at what he had done and at what he might expect sooner or later from the man he had stabbed. • There were times that Hump wanted to throw himself on the mercy of Wolf but the look in his eyes stopped him from doing so, and there were times that he even contemplated suicide (62).

Chapter 9 • Wolf commanded Hump to resume his seat at the cabin table for a time and let the cook do all the work (62). It was at this opportunity that Hump spoke to Wolf about the situation that he and Thomas Mugridge had. • As they talk about the crisis he tells Wolf that he is afraid. Wolf tells Hump to boost Cooky to a part of his life that will make him better. The way they see life is that after you die, there is an afterlife in which you live happily forever. So by killing Mugridge, he would actually be helping him, giving him a better life (62, 63). • Wolf also tells him that if he boosts Cooky he will be promoted to Mugridge’s place (63).

Chapter 9 • Hump trades five can of evaporated milk for a knife (63). • He challenges Cooky by sitting face to face with him as they both sharpened their knives (64). • Cooky calls a truce and asks to shake hands but Hump refuses to do so (65). • From then on the cook became more humble and slavish to Hump than to Wolf Larsen (65). Knife-Courtesy Google Images

Bloom’s Taxonomy • Describe the way Wolf Larsen sees sacrifice and helping others. [knowledge] • What word best describes the conversations wolf and Humphrey have? [knowledge] • Explain what causes Thomas Mugridge's anger towards Humphrey. [comprehension] • Tell of the first time when you see a change in Humphrey's attitude. [comprehension] • How is Humphrey's change in attitude an example of Social Darwinism? [application] • Why is the way Wolf Larsen treats his crew significant ? What conclusion can you draw from it? [application]

Bloom’s Taxonomy • How is Wolf Larsen similar to Humphrey and how are they different? [analysis] • What is the cause of change in Wolf Larsen's attitude towards Humphrey? [analysis] • What do you predict will happen to the main characters aboard the Ghost? [synthesis] • What do you think happens when you combine Humphrey's ideas with Wolf Larsen's? [synthesis] • What would you suggest to improve Humphrey's relationship with Thomas Mugridge? [evaluation] • Do you agree with a certain character's points of view ? If so, whose and why? [evaluation]

Research Paper - Outline I. Introduction a. Define Social Darwinism. b. Thesis: In the book The Sea-Wolf by Jack London, Social Darwinism plays a major role in Humphrey Van Weyden's adapting to life on the Ghost. c. Talk about Humphrey Van Weyden’s evolution and support it with body paragraphs. II. Body Paragraph I – Beginning of the Book a. Introduce characters and their personalities in the first few chapters of the book. III. Body Paragraph II – Humphrey’s Weakness a. Humphrey’s knee incident leaves him badly injured. b. In the Ghost everyone is constantly getting hurt without complaining much. c. Humphrey is hurt and is grateful when he gets a three day rest when talking to Wolf.

Research Paper - Outline IV. Body Paragraph III – Humphrey’s Weakness a. As Humphrey is new to the boat, he leaves his pants hanging around somewhere and some money is stolen from them. b. When Humphrey confronts Mugridge about it, he ends up running away after the cook screams at him. V. Body Paragraph IV – The beginning of his progress. a. We begin to see his progress when Humphrey endures physical blows from Wolf. b. Because Wolf is bigger and more important aboard the boat, Humphrey can’t do anything but take the abuse. c. At this point in the book, Humphrey is basically everyone’s slave. He does as he is told and has no choice in the assignments he is given aboard the boat.

Research Paper - Outline VI. Body Paragraph V – Gaining Wolf’s friendship. a. Once Humphrey discovers Wolf is a self-taught man, they begin to talk and share their knowledge. b. Humphrey begins to spend time with Wolf, arguing about life and other topics. c. He eventually becomes comfortable enough that he even begins to talk back to Wolf, which shows the first shift in adapting to life on the Ghost.

Research Paper - Outline VII. Body Paragraph VI – Standing up to Mugridge. a. Through his friendship with Wolf, Humphrey no longer has to work for the cook. This makes the cook angry. b. Once Humphrey is sent back to work for the cook, Mugridge takes out his anger on Humphrey by bossing him around and screaming at him. c. Now is when we see Humphrey stand up for himself by snarling at the cook, which showed he is no longer afraid of others on the boat and made the cook back off.

Research Paper - Outline VIII. Body Paragraph VII – Frontal confrontation. a. The cook begins to sharpen a knife as an attempt to intimidate Humphrey. He proves he will use the knife when he cuts Leach’s arm open. b. Humphrey understands the danger and shows he is the fittest by obtaining a knife in a deal with Louis, the boat steerer. c. The knife he got is sharpened the same way as Mugridge’s and he confronts him by sitting in front of him sharpening the knife even more. This is the final step in the transformation of Humphrey’s character due to Social Darwinism.

Research Paper – Outline IX. Conclusion – Social Darwinism’s effect on the book. a. All of the changes shown in the examples can be attributed to social Darwinism. b. If not for Humphrey learning from social Darwinism to stand up for himself he would have been dead long ago since he was definitely not “the fittest” when he was picked up by the boat.

Book Critic #1 Jack London is a realist of such strength that at times he is repellent. Yet, sometimes one is forced to question whether he writes as he does because such themes appeal to him, or whether he does not rather do so from sheer delight in his mastery over words. You read a book like The Sea Wolf much as you gaze upon some ghastly accident, in a sort of horrified fascination that holds your eyes against your will. His technique is not always of the best; but he is always emphatically, splendidly, triumphantly himself. Whether it was necessary that such a book as The Sea Wolf should ever have been written is quite a separate question; but there is not another American writer of today to whom we could point and say, He might have written it. Frederic Taber Cooper, The Individual Note: `The Game ', in The Bookmans, New York (copyright, 1905, by George H. Doran Company), Vol. XXII, No. 1, September, 1905, pp. 35 -6. Reprinted in Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism, Vol. 9.

Book Critic #2 Jack London has never written anything nearly so good as his Call of the Wild, though the early chapters of The Sea Wolf are brilliantly executed. When I began to read that story, the scenes at the start, I thought I was at last reading the great American novel but when I came to the love scenes and the seal scenes, then I knew I was not. Jack London is a man of letters; he has the true gift of style, so rare and so unmistakable; if he would forget his social and political creed, and lower his voice, he might achieve another masterpiece. William Lyon Phelps, Twentieth Century American Novelists (originally published as The Advance of the English Novel, in The Bookman, New York, Vol. XLIII, No. 5, July 1916), in his The Advance of the English Novel (copyright, 1915, 1916, by Dodd, Mead and Company, Inc. ), Dodd, Mead, 1917, pp. 267301. Reprinted in Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism, Vol. 9.

Book Critic #3 The pervasiveness of the swine/hog/pig motif is shown by reference to passages at p. 6 (women screamed like "the squealing of pigs under the knife of the butcher"); at 47 ("It is piggishness, and it is life. Of what use or sense is an immorality of piggishness? "); basically, from Wolf to those under him; everyone is associated with swinishness, but some wallow in the piggish side of their beings while others adapt to a swinish world. Wolf accepts his own piggishness, but he has determined to be the strongest among swine ("where there is room for one life, she [Nature] sows a thousand lives, and it's life eats life till the strongest and most piggish life is left" [62]), Baskett, Sam S. "Sea Change in The Sea-Wolf" American Literary Realism 24. 2 (1992): 5 -22. Labor, Earle, and Jeanne Campbell Reesman. Jack London. Rev. ed. New York: Twayne, 1994. London, Jack. The Letters of Jack London. Ed. Earle Labor, Robert C. Leitz, III, and I. Milo Shepard. 3 vols. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1988. --. The Sea-Wolf Ed. John Sutherland. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1992.

Book Critic #4 The novel is set aboard a sealing schooner called the Ghost in the Northern Pacific at the turn of the century. The plot chronicles the transformation of a bookish shipwreck victim into a strong and able sailor at the hands of a cruel but intellectually brilliant skipper, Wolf Larsen. Van Weyden serves as a foil for Larsen, a self-taught philosopher taken by the current intellectual trends of his time, most notably the rise of Social Darwinism. The novel's plot revolves in good part around the struggle between Wolf Larsen and Hump over whose philosophy of life is correct. Paradoxically, the struggle manifests itself through repeated physical conflict in which Hump is forced to develop his own physical powers. However, some occurrences in the book can be said to undermine the novel's apparent primary concern with the ideological struggle between Van Weyden's idealism and Larsen's Social Darwinism. Anderson, Sherwood. Winesburg, Ohio. 1919. New York: Penguin, 1976. Busch, Britton Cooper. The War Against the Seal. Kingston & Montreal: Mc. Gill. Queens University Press, 1985. Carlson, Patricia Ann, ed. Costerus 52. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1986. Chapelle, Howard I. The History of American Sailing Ships. New York: Norton, 1935. Foner, Phillip S. , ed. Jack London: American Rebel. New York: Citadel, 1947. London, Jack. The Sea-Wolf. 1904. New York: Signet, 1964.

Book Critic #5 The book is based on a soft, domesticated creature forced to become tough and self-reliant by exposure to cruelty and brutality. The creature’s name is Humphrey van Weyden. He was on board a ferry in San Francisco, which collides with another boat when he is picked up, not to be confused with rescued, by a boat named Ghost, whose captain is named Wolf Larsen was actually a real sailor that Jack had known. The boat Captain Larsen was on was made up of seal hunters bound for Japan. Humphrey is then forced to become a cabin boy and has to work and learn how to protect himself from the sailors onboard.

Book Critic #6 This book shows the typical attitude of the 19 thcentury scientific materialist. Wolf Larsen is the cruel captain of the ship named Ghost on which an innocent gentleman, by the name of Humphrey Van Weyden, finds himself. In this amazing example of strength and survival, you find out that Wolf sees life as survival of the fittest, where the strong eats the weak in order to avoid losing strength. Everyone goes through this confrontation that Humphrey has to face in the book in real life and, ironically enough, it turns out that the hero of the book is Wolf and not Humphrey.