МБОУ СОШ 3 им А С Пушкина

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МБОУ СОШ № 3 им. А. С. Пушкина Famous Scientists of Great Britain Работу выполнили: Федянцева Марина, Киричко Алина, 6 класс Руководители: учителя английского языка Тунина Татьяна Михайловна, Каргина Людмила Петровна

Great Britain made a great contribution to the science. Birthplace of the Industrial Revolution (by far the most important event of the last five-thousand years), Britain's contribution to the sciences, in particular physics, is almost rude in its profundity. We shall list several eminent British figures who helped change the course of human history.

С F. Powell (1903 -1969) Powell was a prominent English scientist noted for his techniques and discoveries in particle physics. He was a leader in the World Federation of Scientific Workers in the mid-1950 s.

In 1947 Powell’ s Bristol group identified a new particle in the cosmic radiation. Powell and other two scientists discovered sub-nuclear particle, which was produced directly in nuclear reactions. The discovery solved a complicated scientific problem and helped open a new era of particle physics. Powell continued to develop and apply the photographic method of Bristol. His laboratory became the source of new experimental discoveries. It was also an international training centre for physicists of many countries. In 1950 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for his development of the photographic method and his meson discoveries.

James Clerk Maxwell (1831 -1879) Maxwell, born of a well-known Scottish family, early showed signs of mathematical talent. At the age of 15 he contributed a piece of original work on the drawing of oval curves to the royal society of Edinburgh. The work was so well done that many refused to believe that such a young boy could be the author.

The most important work of Maxwell’s life was carried on between 1864 and 1873. He placed into mathematical form the speculations of Faraday concerning Magnetic lines of force. Maxwell’s theory showed that electricity and magnetism could not exist in isolation. Where there was one, there was the other, so that his work is usually referred to as the electromagnetic theory. Maxwell died before the age of fifty in 1879. When Einstein’s theories upset almost all of «classical physics» , Maxwell’s equations remained untouched as valid as ever.

Alexander Fleming (1881 -1955) Alexander Fleming, the discoverer of penicillin, was born in Scotland in 1881 at a farm. He began to go to school when he was five. In 1895 he went to London and decided to dedicate his life to medicine. At first Fleming wanted to become a surgeon but soon he got interested in bacteriology and decided that he was to find his future in research.

The great work that he did was done for the benefit of sick men and women. His discovery of penicillin did more to help suffering mankind than anything else for centuries. When he died in 1955 his old friend said: «. . . by his work he relieved more suffering than any other living man» .

Ernest Rutherford (1871 -1937) Ernest Rutherford is called the Newton of atomic physics. He was recognized by his fellow scientists as a man of colossal energy and tireless enthusiasm. As he himself remarked he lived in the «heroic age of physics» . His experiments led him to develop a magnetic detector, which at that time was the best detector of electromagnetic waves. аврт

E. Rutherford’s big triumph began when he turned his attention to radioactivity. His brilliant researches established the existence and nature of radioactive transformations. He also investigated the electrical structure of matter and the nuclear nature of atom. He was one of the founders of the atomic theory of physics and creators of the first atomic model. He stated that the atom consisted of a nucleus around which electrons revolved in orbits. His works didn’t lose their importance till nowadays.

Science has been a driving force behind the evolution of the modern world. The hard work and dedication of scientists have led to the evolution of sophisticated automobiles and better medical facilities. Scientists belonging to countries like Britain have made immense contributions in the fields of physics and biology. Charles Darwin is one such genius belonging to the nation who proposed the famous theory which tried to explore the reasons behind the birth and evolution of living organisms. British physicist and mathematician Isaac Newton revolutionized the field of science through his incredible discoveries such as the ‘Newton’s Laws of Motion’ and others. Compiling a list of British scientists and their contributions towards science would seem to be never ending. Some of the discoveries and inventions of these scientists have even inspired many people to embrace science as a career .

Список литературы: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. GREAT RUSSIAN AND BRITISH SCIENTISTS. GREAT DISCOVERIES. (МУРМАНСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ Кафедра иностранных языков. НАУКА И ТЕХНИКА. ВЕЛИКИЕ РУССКИЕ И БРИТАНСКИЕ УЧЕНЫЕ. ВЕЛИКИЕ ОТКРЫТИЯ. ) dic. academic. ru

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Федянцева Марина, Киричко Алина Famous Scientists of GrB.ppt

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