MARPOL 73 78 Towards the Drafting of a National

MARPOL 73/78 Towards the Drafting of a National Implementation Plan for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Prepared by Abdulaziz M. Al-Suwailem KING FAHD UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM & MINERALS Prepared for Ministry of Transport

MARPOL 73/78 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (administered by IMO) First ever comprehensive anti-pollution convention dealing with ship-borne oil as well as other chemicals, harmful substances, garbage, sewage, and air pollutants. Concerned with jurisdiction, inspection, and enforcement. Objectives: To completely eliminate the intentional pollution of the marine environment by oil and other harmful substances; and To minimize the accidental discharge of such substances.

MARPOL 73/78: CONTENTS contains 20 Articles and 6 Annexes with Regulations Annex I : Prevention of Pollution by Oil Annex II : Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk Annex III : Harmful Substances in Packaged Form Annex IV : Sewage Annex V : Garbage Annex VI : Air pollution Annexes III, IV, V and VI are optional, but Saudi Arabia officially acceded to Annexes I–V on 23 May 2005. Therefore, Saudi Arabia is obliged to fully implement MARPOL 73/78, including Annexes I-V. Implementation approach is discussed below!

MARPOL 73/78: RATIFICATION (as of 2004) RUSSIA CANADA NORTH AMERICA EUROPE USA ASIA JAPAN KSA AFRICA 23 MAY 2005 BRAZIL SOUTH AMERICA AUSTRALIA

MARPOL 73/78: ENTRY INTO FORCE WORLD ANNEX COVERAGE SAUDI ARABIA Entry into Accession Force Entry into Force I Oil 1983 23 May 2005 23 August 2005 II Noxious Liquid 1983 23 May 2005 23 August 2005 III Packaging of Harmful Substances 1992 23 May 2005 23 August 2005 IV Sewage 2003 23 May 2005 23 August 2005 V Garbage 1988 23 May 2005 23 August 2005 VI Air Pollution 19/5/05 ----- Saudi Arabia is obliged to implement Annexes I–V.

MARPOL DEFINITIONS: VESSELS Ship covers vessels of any type whatsoever operating in the marine environment and includes: n hydrofoil boats, n air-cushion vehicles, n submersibles, n floating craft, n fixed or floating platforms, and n a vessel fitted with cargo spaces which are constructed and utilized to carry oil in bulk of an aggregate capacity of 200 m 3 or more. Oil tanker means a ship constructed or adapted primarily to carry oil in bulk in its cargo spaces and includes combination carriers and any chemical tanker when it is carrying a cargo or part cargo of oil in bulk.

MARPOL 73/78: Vessel Categories SHIPS 1 2 3 OIL TANKERS Based on tonnage Ships < 400 GRT Ships ≥ 400 GRT but < 10, 000 GRT Ships > 10, 000 GRT Based on travel Ocean going Ships Domestic Ships 1 Based on Gross Registered Tonnage Oil Tankers < 150 tons GRT 2 Oil Tankers ≥ 150 tons GRT Gross tonnage (GRT) is a measure of the internal capacity or volume of a ship, tug, or barge. It is a cubic or space measurement of all areas of a vessel with some allowances or deductions for exempt spaces such as living quarters.

SINGLE-HULL TANKERS Single Hull Double Hull

SINGLE-HULL TANKERS Segregated Ballast Tanks Segregated Ballast means the ballast water introduced into a tank which is completely separated from the cargo oil and fuel oil system and which is permanently allocated to the carriage of ballast or cargoes other than oil.

MARITIME ZONES INTERNATIONAL AIR SPACE TERRITORIAL SEA CONTIGUOUS ZONE INTERNAL WATERS BASELINE EEZ 12 NM 24 NM 200 NM HIGH SEAS

MARPOL DEFINITIONS: SPECIAL AREA Special Area means a sea area where, for recognized technical reasons in relation to its oceanographic and ecological condition and to the particular character of its traffic, the adoption of special mandatory methods for the prevention of sea pollution by oil is required, Under the Convention, these special areas are provided with a higher level of protection than other areas of the sea. List of ANNEX I (Oil) Special Areas: Red Sea Area Gulfs Area Gulf of Aden Area Mediterranean Sea Area Baltic Sea Area Black Sea Area Antarctic Area North-West European Waters

MARPOL DEFINITIONS: SPECIAL AREA ANNEX II (Noxious Liquid Substances) Special Areas: Baltic Sea Area Black Sea Area Antarctic Area With strict controls on tank washing and residue discharge procedures! ANNEX V (Garbage) Special Areas: Baltic Sea area North Sea Black Sea Area Antarctic Area (south of 60°S) Red Sea area Wider Caribbean Region, Gulfs area including Gulf of Mexico and Mediterranean Sea Area Caribbean Sea With strict controls on the disposal of garbage!

MARPOL 73/78

MARPOL IMPLEMENTATION Actions Mandated by MARPOL Inspect foreign ships visiting Saudi Arabian ports to ensure that they meet international standards. Monitor Compliance. Prohibit violations, make penalties. Carry out surveys as per MARPOL requirements for all ocean going ships registered in Saudi Arabia. Issue International Oil Pollution Prevention Certificates (IOPP) to surveyed ocean going ships. Provide adequate Reception Facilities to ships visiting Saudi Arabian Ports. Phase out single-hull tankers.

MARPOL IMPLEMENTATION Inspections Confirm possession of valid certificate on board. Examine ship condition, only if there “clear grounds” for believing that ship does not correspond “substantially” with the certificate). If requested by another state (including a coastal state), if there is sufficient evidence that the ship discharged harmful substances in “any place. ” General Inspection Procedure Checking of all Certificates required as per MARPOL Walk-through of the ship including deck, and have a visual check of the condition of all the equipment and machinery as well as hatch closing arrangement, air pipes and vent coatings.

MARPOL IMPLEMENTATION Possible Actions Under the provisions of the Convention, Port State may: Detain a ship until deficiencies have been rectified A vessel is detained when a deficiency is found which must be rectified before it sails. Permit a ship to sail with deficiencies subject to conditions Penalties Assess appropriate penalties for the contravention of Convention requirements, such as: immediate flag State detention of the vessel. withdrawal of the vessel’s Certificate of Registry. fine suspension or revocation of ship’s officers’ Certificates of Competency.

MARPOL IMPLEMENTATION Surveys Ships in international voyages shall be subject to surveys by officers of the Ministry of Transport to ensure that equipment, fittings, arrangements, and materials fully comply with the applicable requirements of MARPOL Regulation. International Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate (IOPP Certificate) The IOPP Certificate shall be issued to: Oil Tankers ≥ 150 GRT Ships ≥ 400 GRT by the Minister of Transport after survey of the ocean going ship for a period not exceeding 5 years as evidence of their compliance with the pollution prevention equipment and survey requirements of MARPOL Annex I.

MARPOL REQUIREMENTS Certificates and Documents required on board Ocean Going Ships No. All Ships Reference 1 International Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate Regulation 5 2 Oil Record Book Regulation 20 3 Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan Regulation 26 4 Record of oil discharge monitoring and control system for the last ballast voyage Regulation 15(3)(a) 5 Dedicated Clean Ballast Tank Operation Manual Regulation 13 A

MARPOL REQUIREMENTS Certificates and Documents required on board Ocean Going Ships… (cont. ) No. All Ships Reference 6 Crude Oil Washing Operation and Equipment Manual (COW Manual) 7 Condition Assessment Scheme (CAS) Statement of Compliance, CAS Final Regulation 13 G; Report and Review Record 8 Hydrostatically Balanced Loading (HBL) Operational Manual 9 Oil Discharge Monitoring and Control Regulation 15(3)(c) (ODMC) Operational Manual 10 Subdivision and stability information Regulation 13 B Regulation 13 G Regulation 25

MARPOL REQUIREMENTS Major Requirements on board Ocean-going Oil Tankers and Ships Equipment/ Certificates OIL TANKERS SHIPS ≥ 150 GRT ≥ 400 GRT < 400 GRT Oil Filtering Equipment Yes No Standard discharge connection Yes No Holding Tank Yes Yes Oil Record Book Yes No Marine Oil Contingency Plan Yes No International Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate Yes No

MARPOL REQUIREMENTS Reception Facilities All oil loading terminals, repair ports, or other ports that service oceangoing Ships ≥ 400 GRT and oceangoing Oil Tankers ≥ 150 GRT shall be provided with the following facilities: reception and treatment of all dirty ballast and tank washing water from oil tankers. sufficient capacity to receive the residues/mixtures and the needs of ships using them without causing undue delay to the ships involved. shall be equipped with oil transfer hose adapters designed to allow connection with the standard flange specified by the International Maritime Organization (IMO).

MARPOL REQUIREMENTS Oily waste reception facilities shall be available at: (a) all ports and terminals in which crude oil is loaded into oil tankers where such tankers have immediately prior to arrival completed a ballast voyage of not more than 72 hr or not more than 1, 200 nautical miles. (b) all ports and terminals in which oil other than crude oil in bulk is loaded at an average quantity of more than 1, 000 MT per day. (c) all ports having ship repair yards or tank cleaning facilities; (d) all ports and terminals which handle ships provided with the sludge tank(s) required by Regulation 17 of Annex I of MARPOL 73/78. (e) all ports in respect of oily bilge waters and other residues, which cannot be discharged in accordance with Regulation 9 of Annex I of MARPOL 73/78; and (f) all loading ports for bulk cargoes in respect of oil residues from combination carriers which cannot be discharged in accordance with Regulation 9 of Annex I of MARPOL 73/78.

MARPOL REQUIREMENTS A N N E X Category of Waste Reception Facilities required? Types of waste for reception I Oil YES Covers all types of wastes from the carriage of oil: as fuel, engine room slops, cargo (tank washings) or dirty ballast water. II Noxious liquid substances in bulk YES Chemical wastes derived from bulk chemical transportation, including residues and mixtures containing noxious substances. III Harmful substances carried by sea in packaged form NO ― IV Sewage from ships YES Raw sewage – retained in holding tanks for disposal in port or outside 12 nm; Partially treated sewage – retained in holding tanks for disposal in port or outside 4 nm. V Garbage from ships YES Garbage includes domestic (food and packaging) and operational (maintenance, cargo and miscellaneous) wastes. VI Air pollution from ships NO ―

MARPOL 73/78: Vessel Categories SHIPS 1 2 3 OIL TANKERS Based on tonnage Ships < 400 GRT Ships ≥ 400 GRT but < 10, 000 GRT Ships > 10, 000 GRT Based on travel Ocean going Ships Domestic Ships 1 Based on Gross Registered Tonnage Oil Tankers < 150 tons GRT 2 Oil Tankers ≥ 150 tons GRT Gross tonnage (GRT) is a measure of the internal capacity or volume of a ship, tug, or barge. It is a cubic or space measurement of all areas of a vessel with some allowances or deductions for exempt spaces such as living quarters.

Phase Out of Single-Hull Tankers MARPOL PHASE-OUT REQUIREMENTS

MARPOL 73/78 REQUIREMENTS Small Vessels There is no statutory requirement for ships below 5, 000 tonnes dead-weight to have double hulls.

PHASE OUT SCHEDULES Category of Oil Tanker Category 1: Oil tankers (Pre-MARPOL tankers without protectively located segregated ballast tanks) 20, 000 tons deadweight and above carrying crude oil, fuel oil, heavy diesel oil or lubricating oil as cargo, and 30, 000 tons deadweight and above carrying other oils Date or Year 5 April 2005 for ships delivered on 5 April 1982 or earlier Anniversary date in 2005 for ships delivered after 5 April 1982

Category of oil tanker Category 2: Oil tankers (MARPOL tankers with protectively located segregated ballast tanks) ü 20, 000 tons deadweight and above carrying crude oil, fuel oil, heavy diesel oil or lubricating oil as cargo, and ü 30, 000 tons deadweight and above carrying other oils Date or year 5 April 2005 for ships delivered on 5 April 1977 or earlier Anniversary date in 2005 for ships delivered after 5 April 1977 but before 1 January 1978 Anniversary date in 2006 for ships delivered in 1978 and 1979 Anniversary date in 2007 for ships delivered in 1980 and 1981 Anniversary date in 2008 for ships delivered in 1982 Anniversary date in 2009 for ships delivered in 1983 Anniversary date in 2010 for ships delivered in 1984 or later

Category of oil tanker Category 3: Oil tankers 5, 000 tons deadweight and above but less than the tonnage specified for Category 1 and 2 tankers Date or year 5 April 2005 for ships delivered on 5 April 1977 or earlier Anniversary date in 2005 for ships delivered after 5 April 1977 but before 1 January 1978 Anniversary date in 2006 for ships delivered in 1978 and 1979 Anniversary date in 2007 for ships delivered in 1980 and 1981 Anniversary date in 2008 for ships delivered in 1982 Anniversary date in 2009 for ships delivered in 1983 Anniversary date in 2010 for ships delivered in 1984 or later

Phase out schedule for ocean going single-hull ships registered in Saudi Arabia No. IMO Year of Build Gross Tonnage Dead Weight Category Phase-out Year (Anniversary Date) 1 8203799 1982 6400 10895 C 3 2008 2 8203804 1982 4159 7026 C 3 2008 3 7826829 1981 50764 88726 4 8114338 1982 6960 12010 C 3 2008 5 7920716 1980 5253 8647 C 3 2007 6 8214853 1982 3609 6187 C 3 2008 7 8220084 1983 9088 16266 C 3 2009 8 8223029 1983 3987 6718 C 3 2009 9 9123362 1982 9544 16187 10 9247077 2003 6400 10895 C 3 NO PHASE OUT 11 9203930 1999 28981 45000 C 2 NO PHASE OUT 12 9203928 1999 28981 44954 C 2 NO PHASE OUT 13 7385124 1983 NO DATA 14 7708302 1981 NO DATA 15 9639626 1983 NO DATA

Small Vessels: <5000 ton deadweight There is no statutory requirement for ships below 5, 000 tons deadweight to have double hulls. No. IMO Year of Build Gross Tonnage Dead Weight 1 7810442 1978 2977 4991 2 7652917 1969 427. 74 800 3 6524917 1965 1932 3180 4 7011149 1969 1682 3125 5 6918302 1969 2350 3463 6 7313640 1973 3335 4999 7 7903299 1979 2298 4419 8 7621073 1976 1006 2100 9 7229253 1972 2195 3408 10 8406456 1983 3175 4999 11 6925006 1969 1010 1324

SINGLE HULL PHASE OUT: EXTENSION Can any single hull tankers operate beyond the dates set? The revised regulation 13 G of MARPOL allows the Administration (flag State) to permit continued operation of Category 2 or 3 tankers beyond its phase-out date in accordance with the schedule subject to satisfactory results from the Condition Assessment Scheme (CAS) is an additional reinforced inspection scheme specifically developed to detect structural weaknesses of single hull oil tankers. Category 2 and 3 tankers with an age over 15 years to be allowed to continue beyond 2005 subject to CAS, but the continued operation must not go beyond the anniversary of the date of delivery of the ship in 2015 or the date on which the ship reaches 25 years of age after the date of its delivery, whichever is earlier.

STATES REGULATION TERMS Flag State Nation where a vessel is registered. Vessel is essentially granted nationality Obligations and Responsibilities: • Regular Inspection of its own ships • Issuing of IOPP Certificates to its own ships • Safety regulation • Regulation of ship manning and crew competence • Setting the standards for ship construction, design, equipment, and seaworthiness

STATES REGULATION TERMS Flag States and Classification n Most flag states are authorising classification societies to carry out inspections and issue certificates on their behalf on their fleet operating internationally n This is called Statutory Certification Flag states authorise Classification Societies recognised by them IMO has issued a Resolution with guidelines for such recognition

STATES REGULATION TERMS Port State Nation where a vessel intends to dock Obligations and Responsibilities: Boarding of ships and checking the status of certification Physical inspection to verify that ships are complying with international conventions Ensuring that adequate shore reception facilities are provided for the disposal of sludge, oily bilge water, and other residues, with specific requirements for ports and terminals where crude oil and other oils than crude are loaded. In case of serious deficiencies, ships may be detained until rectification has been carried out

STATES REGULATION TERMS Coastal State Nation within which a vessel passes through a territorial sea or Exclusive Economic Zone Responsibilities and Environmental Rights in the Territorial Sea: Enforcement of environmental protective rules decided by IMO Prohibition of pollution discharges Forcing foreign ships out of territorial sea in case of willful and serious pollution Designation of protected areas Designation of navigational routes

THE MARPOL REGIME Summing Up FLAG STATE COASTAL STATE Implement MARPOL regulations on own ships Implement MARPOL regulations in territorial waters PORT STATE Implement MARPOL regulations on ships docking at ports SHIPOWNER Ensure implemented standards being maintained

ANNEX I: OIL What will be regulated? Discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixtures from oil tankers and ships.

ANNEX I: OIL Discharge Restrictions Bases of restriction and regulated: the type of vessel (oil tanker or ship) gross tonnage route (while passing through special areas or a certain distance from the nearest land) Oil Tankers Ships ≥ 400 GRT Antarctic Area NO NO Within 50 miles from nearest land NO NO Minimal NO Special Area (SA) NO NO Minimal NO Outside SA and 50 miles away from nearest land Minimal AREA Ships Drilling Rigs and <400 GRT Other Platforms

ANNEX I: OIL Minimum Discharge For Oil Tankers: The instantaneous rate of discharge of oil content does not exceed 30 liters per nautical mile. The total quantity of oil discharged into the sea does not exceed 1/15, 000 (for old tankers) or 1/30, 000 (for new tankers) of total quantity of cargo. For Ships: The oil content of effluent without dilution does not exceed 15 ppm. The instantaneous rate of discharge of oil content is the rate of discharge of oil in liters per hour at any instant divided by the speed of the ship in knots at the same instant.

Li m it ax im um NOT ALLOWABLE ZONE M Not allowed, too slow! Lower oil content, OK! 150 300 450 600 750 Oil Content of Discharge (liter/hr) OIL TANKERS: Discharge Limits Faster, OK! ALLOWABLE ZONE 1 knot = 1 nm/hr 0 10 15 20 25 5 Ship Speed (knots) If running slowly, then reduce oil content of discharge! RULES: If oil content is higher, then speed up!

800 DATA POINTS 103 104 105 106 107 OLD Tankers 400 600 0. 07 0. 67 666. 7 0. 03 0. 33 333. 3 NOT ALLOWABLE ZONE (Area above each curve) NEW Tankers 100 Total Oil Discharged (MT) OIL TANKERS: Discharge Limits 0 103 104 105 106 Oil Cargo (MT) 107

ANNEX I: OIL Discharge Exceptions Inside Special Areas (Red Sea, Arabian Gulf): Discharge of clean or segregated ballast or processed bilge water from machinery spaces only if: The bilge water does not originate from cargo pump-room bilges. The bilge water is not mixed with cargo oil residues. The ship is proceeding en route. The oil content of the effluent without dilution does not exceed 15 parts per million. The ship has in operation oil filtering equipment.

ANNEX I: OIL Discharge Exceptions Outside Special Areas on an international voyage: Discharge of clean or segregated ballast or unprocessed oily mixtures which without dilution have an oil content not exceeding 15 ppm and which do not originate from cargo pumproom bilges and are not mixed with cargo oil residues. In case of emergency or accident Discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixture necessary for the purpose of securing the safety of a ship or saving life at sea. Discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixture resulting from damage to a ship or its equipment. Discharge of substances containing oil used for the purpose of combating pollution incidents to minimize the damage from pollution.

ANNEX II: NOXIOUS SUBSTANCES Four Categories of Noxious Substances Less Harmful Category Hazard to marine resources Harm to amenities or other or human health legitimate uses of the sea A Major hazard Serious harm B Hazard Harm C Minor hazard Minor harm D Recognizable hazard Minimal harm Discharge regulations in all areas n ship is proceeding en route n minimum speed 7 knots (self-propelled) or 4 For Categories A, B, and C knots (not self-propelled) n at least 12 nautical miles from the nearest land n discharge below the waterline n minimum water depth 25 meters

ANNEX II: NOXIOUS SUBSTANCES Discharge regulations with respect to Special Areas Outside special areas A Maximum concentration of tank washings 0. 1% by weight washings 0. 05% by weight n per tank max. 1 m 3 or 1/3, 000 B C Within special areas n the tank has been pre-cleaned, of the tank capacity in m 3 and the washings have been n concentration of the substance discharge to a reception facility in the wake astern of the ship n concentration of the substance max. 1 ppm in the wake astern of the ship max. 1 ppm n per tank max. 3 m 3 or 1/1, 000 n per tank max. 1 m 3 or 1/3, 000 of the tank capacity in m 3 n concentration of the substance in the wake astern of the ship max. 10 ppm max. 1 ppm

ANNEX II: NOXIOUS SUBSTANCES Discharge regulations with respect to Special Areas… (cont. ) In All Areas (inside or outside Special Areas) D ship is proceeding en route n minimum speed 7 or 4 knots n at least 12 nautical miles from the nearest land n max. one part of the substance in ten parts of water Chemical tankers shall have an International Pollution Prevention Certificate for the Carriage of Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk However, ships that have an International Certificate of Fitness for Carriage of Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk as per IBC Code, do not need such a certificate as they are deemed to comply under the IBC Code Chemical tankers shall also have a Procedures and Arrangements (P&A) Manual and a Cargo Record Book

ANNEX III: HARMFUL SUBSTANCES Harmful Substances carried in Packaged Form Applies to all ships A ship is subject to inspection where there are clear grounds for believing that the master or the crew are not familiar with essential shipboard procedures relating to the prevention of pollution by noxious liquid substances. Steps should be taken to ensure that the ship shall not sail until the situation has been brought to order. Identification of Annex III Substances bio-accumulated to a significant extent and known to produce a hazard to aquatic life or to human health ; bio-accumulated with attendant risk to aquatic organisms or to human health with a short retention of the order of one week or less; liable to produce tainting of seafood; highly toxic to aquatic life.

ANNEX IV: SEWAGE applies to all ships ≥ 400 GRT carrying 14 persons or more From Treatment Plants (TP) Comminuted and Disinfected Untreated n TP has been approved n Retained in holding approved by the Administration tanks n No visible floating n At least 4 nautical miles solids or discoloration of surrounding water from the nearest land n At least 12 nautical miles from the nearest land n Discharge rate approved by the Administration n Ship is proceeding en route minimum speed 4 knots

ANNEX V: GARBAGE Garbage means all kinds of victual, domestic, and operational waste excluding fresh fish and parts thereof Cargo associated waste, spilt cargo and cargo waste are also to be considered as garbage if none of the other Annexes is applicable

ANNEX V: GARBAGE applies to all ships, including yachts, fishing vessels and offshore platforms Discharge regulations with respect to Special Areas Within Special Areas Plastics Other garbage Food wastes Outside Special Areas Plastics Prohibited At least Prohibited 12 nm from the nearest land Lining, and buoyant packing materials Food wastes and other garbage At least 25 nm from the nearest land At least 12 nm from the nearest land, but 3 nm if passed Through a comminuter/grinder

MARPOL 73/78 Implementation in Saudi Arabia

MARPOL 73/78 Requirements for Implementation Develop and implement a national implementation plan. Report implemented measures and their effectiveness. Exchange information. Promote public awareness and education Recommended Phases of Implementation Phase 1: Determination of co-ordination mechanisms ED ! LL and organization of process. H CA AC Phase 2: Establishment of inventory and assessment of IS S PRO national infrastructure and capacity. ES P Phase 3: Setting of priorities and determination of OC P A PR -U objectives. S HI OM Phase 4: Formulation of a National Implementation Plan T TTand specific Action Plans. (NIP) BO Phase 5: Endorsement of the NIP and Action Plans

MARPOL IMPLEMENTATION Bottom-Up Approach National Legislation Phase 5 Phase 4 Phase 3 Phase 2 Phase 1 Top-Down Approach National Legislation 1 Saudi Arabian Approach 2 3 4 1 Draft a National Implementation Plan (NIP) and specific Action Plans (APs 2 Min. of Transport submits NIP and APs for review to the stakeholders 3 Stakeholders approve or recommend a revision of the NIP and APs 4 NIP and APs are endorsed to the National Government for legislation

MARPOL IMPLEMENTATION REQUIRED ACTIVITIES Development of a detailed inventory of ships and ports. Drafting of new legislation/regulation. Strengthening of compliance and enforcement of existing regulation. Training and capacity building activities on various issues. Development of a national marine pollution management strategy. Monitoring to ensure compliance and enforcement of regulations. Development of reception facilities at ports. Implementation of awareness-raising and education activities

MARPOL IMPLEMENTATION Key Factors in NIP Formulation availability of data to inform decisions, political commitment, meaningful participation of ship owners, access to resources: human, financial, and technical. Important Consideration sharing of responsibilities for developing specific Action Plans amongst: government agencies industry other stakeholders

MARPOL IMPLEMENTATION Key Organizational Structure PME Ship Owners (Marine Environment) (Compliance) Ministry of Transport (Focal Point) Ports Authority Coast Guard (Port Activities) (Enforcement) Other Stakeholders (e. g. General Public, etc. ) Arrows and connectors are coordinating mechanisms!

MARPOL 73/78: TASKING Major tasks of the key players in implementation Ministry of Transport national focal point for the MARPOL Convention main executing agency responsible for enabling activities leading to the development of a National Implementation Plan Presidency of Meteorology and Environment (PME) principal body for planning and coordination of activities related to environmental protection and improvement concerned with environmental pollution problems and provides for preventive and ameliorative measures to check environmental degradation

MARPOL 73/78: TASKING… (cont. ) Port Authority installation of reception facilities inspection of ships requesting use of ports Coast Guard enforcement and monitoring within territorial waters and the EEZ make apprehensions for ships in violation of MARPOL Ship Owners ensure compliance of ships with MARPOL requirements, in coordination with the Ministry of Transport (survey) monitor performance of own ships within and outside territorial waters

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