Market — Meaning in Economics Market is commonly

Market - Meaning in Economics §Market is commonly thought of as a place where commodities are bought and sold and where buyers and sellers are meet. §In fact, anything which has a price has a market. In economics to be called as a market, the idea of locality or place is not necessary. §There need be no physical entity corresponding to a market. It may for example, consist of network of telecommunications across the world, say shares are traded".

Classification of Markets • Market can be classified on different basis. There are different types of markets on the basis of geographical area, time, business volume, nature of products, consumption, competition, seller's situation, nature of transaction etc.

Classification Of Market On The Basis Of Geographical Area Market can be classified in Ølocal Øregional Ønational Øinternational

Local Market • The market limited to a certain place of a country is called local market. This type of market locates in certain place of city or any area and supplies needs and wants of the local people. Perishable consumer products such as milk, vegetables, fruits, etc are sold and bought in local markets.

Regional Market • The market which is not limited to a certain place but expanded in regional level is called regional market. Mostly, food grains such as wheat, paddy, maize, millet, sugar, oil etc are bought and sold in such regional market.

National Market • When demand supply of a commodity are spread over the entire nation, we have a national market. For example, wheat, sugar, medicines etc. Goods available in the local markets may also have national market.

International Or Global Market • Market cannot be limited to any geographical border of any country. If the goods produced in a country are sold in different countries, this is called international market. today, not any country of the world is self-dependent. All the countries are exporting the goods produced in other countries. The market of some goods such as gold, silver, tea, clothes, machines and machinery, medicines etc. has spread the world over.

Classification Of Market On The Basis Of time • On the basis of time, market can be divided in very short-term, long term and very long-term market.

Very Short-term Market • The market where shortly perishable goods are sold is called very short-term market. The market of milk, fish, meat, fruits and other perishable goods is called very short-term market. The price of short goods is determined according to the pressure of demand. When the demand for such goods is high, price rises and when demand declines, the price falls down. If the supply is low and the demand is high, the price rises higher. In such market supply cannot be increased.

Short-term Market • In the short term market, supply of products can be increased using the maximum capacity of installed machines of the firm. The goods cannot be produced according to the demand for adjustment of supply by expanding or changing the existing machines and equipment. In short-term market, price of the goods is determined on the basis of interaction between demand supply. But, as the supply cannot meet the demand, demand affects price determination in short-term market.

Long-term Market • In long-term market, adequate time can be found for supply of products according to demand. New machines and equipment can be installed for additional production to meet demand. As supply can be decreased or increased according to demand situation, price is determined by interaction between demand supply in long-term market. Market of durable products is ling-term market.

Very Long-term Market Or Secular Market • In secular market, produces can get adequate time to use new technology in production process and bring new changes in products. They become able to produce and supply goods according to changed needs, interest, fashion etc. of customers. Market research becomes helpful in doing so.

Classification Of Market On The Basis Of Volume Of Business • On the basis of volume of business, type and size, market can be classified in wholesale market and retail market. • Wholesale Market If a large quantity of products are purchased from producers and sold to different retailers, this is called wholesale market. In wholesale market, the products are not sold directly to ultimate consumers. But, if consumers want to buy in large quantity, they can buy from wholesaler. • Retail Market The market that sells small quantity of products directly to ultimate consumers is called retail market.

Based on competition: Based on competition, markets can be classified as perfect and imperfect markets : 1. Perfect Competition Market : There is a perfect competition among the buyers and sellers. Prevalence of the same price for the same commodity at the same time is the essential feature of this market. Buyers and sellers accept the price determined in the market.

Imperfect Competition Market In this market, competition is imperfect amongst the buyers and sellers. Different prices come to prevail for the same commodity at the same time. Imperfect market can take several forms. 1) Monopoly. 2) Duopoly 3) Oligopoly 4) Monopolistic Competition.

Monopoly • It is a market in which a single firm or seller controls the entire supply of the commodity which has no close substitutes. The price or output in a monopoly market is not influenced by other goods. Duopoly • It is a market where there are only two sellers. A change in the price and output by one seller affects the other. When a duopolist takes a decision, he takes into account the reaction of his rival.

Oligopoly • There are few sellers in this market dealing in differentiated products. As the number is small, each firm can influence the price and output decisions of its rival firms. Interdependence is one of the importance feature of the market. Homogeneity of goods may or may not exist Monopolistic Competition • In this market, many firms produce differentiated products. • The commodities produced are close substitutes of one another. • Thus in monopolistic competition the goods are produced with slight differences.