Marine Conservation as a Business The Arabuko - Watamu Experiences
Kenya’s MVCA
Arabuko / Watamu Biosphere
Population Density of Villages Adjacent to ASF
Tourism / Conservation Premise Provide net benefits that are equitably distributed and clearly linked to beneficial conservation outcomes
Watamu Marine National Park l Problem – a lack of management ¡ Insufficient l monitoring of park resources Ecosystem health unmonitored ¡ Poor policing and community relations Illegal fishing l Poor Security l ¡ Revenue loss / leakage ¡ No proactive investment
Assets l 4 hotels – over 1000 beds w/ strong performance l 3 dive operations l Pre-existing infrastructure l Community infrastructure dependant on marine resources l Strong business model
Solutions l Solution: ¡ Support from KWS HQ ¡ Private Sector Alliance of hoteliers & dive operators ¡ Identification of community participants ¡ Donor identification & Involvement ¡ Identification of critical resources
KWS HQ l KWS HQ ¡ Needed to see revenue increase to justify added investment / budget increase ¡ Needed community involvement and participation ¡ Needed “squeaky wheel”. ¡ To Provide: Legal enforcement - Men and materials l Access to Donors l Monitoring & Evaluation l
Private Sector Involvement l Private Sector Alliance – ¡ Agreed to maintain records of visitation ¡ Agreed open access to KWS ¡ Agreed to open access to community operators (with conditions)
Community Involvement l Community ¡ Agreed to safety equipment on boats ¡ Agreed to insurance cover ¡ Agreed to undergo interpretation training ¡ Established an umbrella forum (Watamu Association of Boat Operators) ¡ Capacity Development provided by KWS
Results / Impact l Results: ¡ ¡ ¡ Doubling of park revenue over one year – top revenue producing marine park in Kenya –surpassed Mombasa! Active community involvement in policing and revenue generation Donor support for l l ¡ community training and product development – Netherlands Wetlands Program KWS equipment and training Improved conservation monitoring – UNEP ICRAN
Specific Revenue Mechanisms l Bednight fee for hotels l User fees: ¡ Marine Entry Fee (citizen vs non-citizen) ¡ Boat Fees ¡ Ski / Fishing fees ¡ Picnic Fees ¡ Mooring Fees
Revenue Growth
On going activities l Netherlands: ¡ Continued Training for KWS staff Monitoring & Evaluation l Scuba diving l Revenue generation & management l ¡ Training l for community members System of “informal wardens” to support KWS policing. ¡ Improved community role in service delivery and monitoring
Future Plans l UNEP ICRAN – ¡ Capacity Development for KWS ¡ Equipment and assets for KWS ¡ Community Capacity development l WWF ¡ – Global 200 Marine Ecoregion l CI?
Factors to Success l Tourism Potential is High l Opportunity Costs are low l “Community” is well-defined and cohesive l External Investment and expertise are harnessed in comprehensible public – private partnerships. l Local Entrepreneurial Activities are encouraged.
Factors to Success / 2 l Linkages with conservation clear & understood l Benefits are performance related l Strong, non-corrupt leadership l Regulatory & Enforcement Mechanisms are strong l (M. J. Walpole & C. R. Thouless, 2003)
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