Mapping of burnt areas at global level: current possibilities offered by optical Earth Observation Systems J-M. Grégoire 1 & P. A. Brivio 1 2 Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit - Space Applications Institute - Joint Research Centre 2 Telerilevamento - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano January 31 st 2001 Space Applications Institute (jmg/Publi/Varese_2001/Seminar_Insubria. ppt) Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit
Why looking at burnt areas at global level ? Þ Just because we are all a little bit fire-bug ? Þ Because it’s one of the 4 elements ? Þ Or because it’s a scientific issue ? Space Applications Institute (jmg/Publi/Varese_2001/Seminar_Insubria. ppt) Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit
It’s a scientific issue for at least 3 reasons Þ Fire is a global scale phenomena Þ It has a direct impact on the vegetation cover type and condition, with consequences in terms of: - changes or maintenance of the vegetation cover - soil erosion - degradation, or maintenance, of the biodiversity Þ It has a direct impact on the chemistry of the lower troposphere, with 3 major consequences: - the emission of large quantities of green house gases and of aerosols - the modification of the radiative transfer at the biosphere-atmosphere interface - the acidification of precipitations Space Applications Institute (jmg/Publi/Varese_2001/Seminar_Insubria. ppt) Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit
Vegetation fires A global scale phenomena There is at any time a fire burning somewhere at the surface of the Earth Dwyer et al. , 1999, J. of Biogeography Space Applications Institute (jmg/Publi/Varese_2001/Seminar_Insubria. ppt) Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit
Burning has a direct impact on the vegetation cover type and condition Frequent burning is favouring the fire resistant species Palm savanna - Ivory Coast Space Applications Institute (jmg/Publi/Varese_2001/Seminar_Insubria. ppt) Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit
Burning has a direct impact on the vegetation cover type and condition Frequent burning is shaping the structure of the vegetation cover Gallery forest - Ivory Coast Space Applications Institute (jmg/Publi/Varese_2001/Seminar_Insubria. ppt) Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit
Burning has a direct impact on soil erosion Slash and burn agriculture - Vietnam/Laos border Soil is totally unprotected against the heavy storms at the beginning of the rainy season Space Applications Institute (jmg/Publi/Varese_2001/Seminar_Insubria. ppt) Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit
Burning has a direct impact on the vegetation cover type and condition, with deep impact on the biodiversity Maintenance of a given habitat Destruction of the habitat Suriname Bolivia (Amazon Basin) Space Applications Institute (jmg/Publi/Varese_2001/Seminar_Insubria. ppt) Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit
Vegetation fires have a direct impact on the chemistry of the lower troposphere Importance of biomass burning as “ anthropogenic emissions source of greenhouse gases and aerosols” (Kyoto Protocol) Species All human sources Biomass burning Global savannas fires (Tg/yr) % ---------------------------------------------------------CO 2 33700 a 13500 40 6070 18 CO 1600 a 680 43 240 15 CH 4 275 a 43 16 9 3 Aerosols 390 e 90 23 37 9 e Black carbon 90 60 67 3 3 ---------------------------------------------------------a: Houghton et al. , 1995 e: Scholes & Andreae, 2000 Space Applications Institute (jmg/Publi/Varese_2001/Seminar_Insubria. ppt) Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit
What is a vegetation fire ? What are we looking at ? Space Applications Institute (jmg/Publi/Varese_2001/Seminar_Insubria. ppt) Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit
Fire on the ground A narrow fire front running through the savanna Tropical woodland - Northern Australia Wet savanna - Cote d’Ivoire Space Applications Institute (jmg/Publi/Varese_2001/Seminar_Insubria. ppt) Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit
Fire as seen from low altitude air survey A fire front + a burnt area + a smoke plume Tropical woodland - Central African Republic Space Applications Institute (jmg/Publi/Varese_2001/Seminar_Insubria. ppt) Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit
Fire as seen from low resolution satellite imagery Northern Australia - June 1 st 1999 - 550 km x 550 km NOAA-AVHRR 4 pm SPOT-VEGETATION 10. 30 am Space Applications Institute (jmg/Publi/Varese_2001/Seminar_Insubria. ppt) Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit
The use of satellite remote sensing see second part by P. A. Brivio file: Insubria_Brivio. ppt Space Applications Institute (jmg/Publi/Varese_2001/Seminar_Insubria. ppt) Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit
Short-term perspectives Þ The Global Burnt Area 2000 initiative: GBA-2000 Mapping, from SPOT-VEGETATION S 1 imagery, of the areas burnt globally during the year 2000 Þ The WORLD FIRE WEB Network A system for globally mapping vegetation fires in near real-time, using the NOAA-AVHRR satellite Space Applications Institute (jmg/Publi/Varese_2001/Seminar_Insubria. ppt) Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit
GBA 2000: a network approach CSIRO(AU) - UTL(P) - NRI(UK) - CNR(I) - CCRS (CA) - CRG (CA) - IFI (RU) - SAI (EU) 62. 5 N-112 W 57 N-104. 5 W (CCRS) 63 N - 81 W 44 N - 55 W (CRG) 68 N - 45 E 60 N - 60 E (IFI) 60 N - 118 E 48 N - 140 E (IFI) 44 N - 10 W 36 N - 0 (UTL) 55 N - 115 E 40 N - 135 E (UTL) 10 S - 125 E 18 S - 146 E (GVM) 18 N - 93 W 7 N - 77 W (NRI) 18 N - 18 W 0 - 52 E (CNR) 5 S - 75 W 20 S - 45 W (UTL) 17 S - 21 E 28 S - 29 E (NRI) 10 S - 22 E 28 S - 42 E (UTL) 11 S - 125 E 21 S - 135 E (CSIRO) GBA test-sites (white rectangles; indicative position), with corresponding geographical coordinates (Ul; LR corners) Space Applications Institute (jmg/Publi/Varese_2001/Seminar_Insubria. ppt) Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit
The WORLD FIRE WEB Network 18 regional fire monitoring centres Year 2001 Space Applications Institute (jmg/Publi/Varese_2001/Seminar_Insubria. ppt) Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit
Some references Ahern F. , et al. , 2000, Forest fire monitoring and mapping: a component of Global Observation of Forest Cover. Publications of the European Commission, EUR 19588, Luxembourg, 253 pp. Barbosa P. M. , et al. , 1999, An assessment of vegetation fire in Africa (1981 -1991): burned areas, burned biomass and atmospheric emissions. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Vol. 13 , No. 04 , p. 933 -950. Brivio P. A. e J. -M. Grégoire, 1997, Gli incendi nella fascia tropicale del globo: aspetti metodologici nell'analisi dei dati da satellite. Rivista Italiana di Telerilevamento, n. 11, pp. 17 -26. Dwyer E. , et al. , 1999, Characterization of the spatio-temporal patterns of global fire activity using satellite imagery for the period April 1992 to March 1993. J. of Biogeography, Vol 27, pp 57 – 69. Grégoire J-M. , et al. , 1999, Satellite monitoring of vegetation fires for EXPRESSO: Outline of activity and relative importance of the study area in the continental context and global context of biomass burning. J. Geophysical Res, Vol. 104 , D 23 , 30, 691 -30, 699. Grégoire J-M. , et al. , 2000, The SMOKO experiment: development and test of a multi-systems approach to burnt area mapping from optical, thermal and microwave satellite data. Publication of the European Commission, EUR 19596 EN, 74 pp. Stroppiana D. , et al. , The Global Fire Product: daily fire occurrence, from April 1992 to December 1993, derived from NOAA-AVHRR data. Int. J. of Remote Sensing, Vol. 21, No. 6/7, April 2000, 1279 -1288. Thank you to Luigi Boschetti CNR/Milan mapping burnt areas from geostationnary satellites Edward Dywer SARMAP mapping fires from AVHRR Marta Maggi CNR/Milan mapping burnt areas from AVHRR and VGT data Simon Pinnock JRC/Ispra responsible World Fire Web network Daniela Stroppiana JRC/Ispra mapping burnt areas from VGT data and all the friends around the world who contribute to the World Fire Web and Global Burnt Area networks Space Applications Institute (jmg/Publi/Varese_2001/Seminar_Insubria. ppt) Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit
Скачать презентацию Mapping of burnt areas at global level current
a677ac1b5c61399c49289443503b0562.ppt