Map of Iraq n n n 60 of

Map of Iraq. n n n 60% of American HS seniors cannot locate Iraq on a map. In Biblical times the region was called Mesopotamia. The Gulf War was fought in 1990 in Iraq. Where can you find the Zagros Mts. ? Where is the “no-fly” zone located? Where is the UN peace keeping zone?

Country Facts (Republic of Iraq) n n Capital – Baghdad Population – 23, 331, 985 GDP - $57 billion GDP per capita $2500 n n (USA - $26, 980) Religion - Islam n n Terrorist links: Sponsors dissident activity overseas and supports various terrorist groups, allowing some to maintain offices in Iraq. Size: Not as big as Texas (YOU DON’T MESS WITH TEXAS!!!)

Iraq’s Neighbors n n n Syria Turkey Iran Kuwait Saudi Arabia Jordan (Identify the religions of each of these nations)

Downtown Baghdad ` his is the map that you see a live feed from T every night on television. Most of these marks are rubble now from Coalition bombing, trying to kill Saddam. Notice the ancient Tigris River running through the city. There are numerous sites that house Saddam.

Conflicts of the Middle East (1945 – Present) n Take note of the US spending. n n n How much? What countries? Past Presidencies have led to the decisions that Bush has made.

Religions of the Middle East n n List five countries and their main religion. This map on the next slide will show you conflicts without listing them.

Saddam Hussein n n Born in poor village of Tikrit, Iraq 1959 – helped in assassination attempt of Abd al-Karim Quasim Fled to Cairo, Egypt and entered Law School 1963 – returned to Iraq 1970’s –Vice chairman of Revolutionary council

Cont. . n n n Many reforms including (new hospitals, schools, and industries) 1979 – gained Presidency Led the Arab opposition of the Camp David Accords n n n Peace between Israel and Palestine, took place in USA 1980 – Iraq invades Iran (used chemical weapons) 1990 – wants Kuwait to help pay war debt, invades and is defeated by US –led forces.

Iraqi Weapons n n n Tactical aircraft Could hit as far as Bosnia -Herzegovina, Ethiopia, India, and Russia Scud Missiles Can reach Konya Turkish Airbase. (US) Incirlik Air base (US in Turkey_ n n All of Kuwait Prince Sultan air base (US – Saudi Arabia) Much of Persian Gulf Different types of Biological warfare.

Christianity n n n Based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ (Son of God) Proclaimed the state religion of Rome in 313. 2000+ years old The cross is the symbol of the religion. Catholics have Jesus on the cross (Crucifix)

Beliefs of Christians n n There is only one God created the world distinct from himself. God is judge of all human activity, he will help when you do wrong. Christians have only one life. Their sole may rest in heaven or be sent to hell.

Continued n n n Holy Book is the Holy Bible. Consists of Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) and the New Testament. Church is the place of worship. Altar faces the rising sun.

“Birth” of Christianity

Jesus Christ n n n Christ was born to the virgin Mary, around 4 BC (Holy Spirit) He was born in Palestine. (Middle East) Bethlehem He was Jewish and spoke Hebrew. He was killed in 30 AD by Crucifixion (painful and degrading) Resurrection: Rose from the dead before his descent into heaven.

CATHOLICISM n n n Largest of churches with nearly 1, 000, 000 members. Came from the western church of the Middle Ages “Bishop of Rome” or the Pope is Christ’s representative on Earth. St. was St. Peter (disciple)

CATHOLICISM, CONT. . n 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 7 Sacraments Baptism Confirmation Marriage Ordination {Classes for Priesthood} Penance {Prayer after Confession} Extreme Unction {anointing the sick, Last Rights} The Mass {Sermon}

Protestants n Reformation n n Martin Luther 2 Sacraments n n Baptism Communion Calvinist, Hugonots Anglican- Henry 8 n Various groups n n n n Luthern Baptists Methodists Presbyterian Reformed Episcopalian Christian Science Jehovah’s Witness Mormanism The Way International Unification Church Unitarian Etc…

VANISHING CULTURES The Ariaal of Kenya The Penan of Malaysia

Vanishing Cultures n n Buckling beneath growing global culture, indigenous people are becoming endangered people. The yardstick of cultural diversity is language – every 2 weeks a language dies, with it a unique way of thinking, communication, and living dies as well.

The Ariaal (Kenya) n n n Where do I find this tribe? Today, you can find the Ariaal people around Mount Marsabit. The tribe is 10, 000 strong, marked with a path of shrinking communal pastures.

Market Roads n n Ariaal women risk death everyday on the path to trade vegetables at market. Enemy tribesmen patrol the path to market. Increasing ethnic tensions, government and market pressure to sacrifice their cattle culture for the cash economy.

Religion n n Many Ariaal have left their traditional indigenous religion and found Catholicism. For nomads, the church’s clinics and schools are reasons to settle. Many students graduate “too smart” for herding and not smart enough for college Answer – Send to USA? ? ?

Wedding n n At a wedding, a warrior jumps to conquer hearts as high and rhythmically as possible. The entire village celebrates.

At a wedding, the elders collect blood from a cow for drink. The ritual will protect the marriage.

At the foothills of Mt. Marsabit, herders tend a herd of cattle. The cattle are the basis of the religion, if the cattle are lost, so is the culture.

Dependency is killing the culture. The hut is covered with burlap and cardboard boxes from Western relief agencies.

The Penan of Malaysia Located in the Sarawak Province on the Island of Borneo in Malaysia.

The Island was covered with Rainforest which is now being cut down for logging. The Baram River runs to the South China Sea. Silt is from the logging industry cutting down trees. This land in uninhabitable to the Penan People.

Various Shelters n n The top picture is a man (Penan who has settled) he lives in in a Long Lateri, a log house built by the government for workers. The bottom is a man sleeping in a Lamin. A house built on stilts and can be constructed in 1 hour from saplings and palm fawns. The bags are made to carry in the jungle.

Cleanliness and Dress n n Sisters check each other for lice. Parents join in as well as pet monkeys. How are they saving money and the environment? Asik, a headman in the Penan tribe rests. Notice his dress and his feet.

Feast – Everything is provided by the jungle. The feast was made for the photographer, who was leaving. It shows that generosity of the Penan people.