Managing Emergencies Well-designed plans before an event will aid in system and operational restoration more quickly PPT-074 -01 Bureau of Workers’ Compensation PA Training for Health & Safety (PATHS) 1
Main Topics Bureau of Workers’ Compensation PA Training for Health & Safety (PATHS) • Emergency Management • Plan Contents • Command & Control • Event Classifications Action Plans • Mapping • Protective Actions PPT-074 -01 2
Main Topics Bureau of Workers’ Compensation PA Training for Health & Safety (PATHS) o Special Considerations Response o Special Support o Borrowing from History o Unique Concerns o Recovery o Mitigation/Prevention PPT-074 -01 3
Generic Emergencies Most of us are used to emergencies; we’ve all suffered: § Car trouble § Electrical outage § Plumbing problems § General repairs § Other types which are always inconvenient! PPT-074 -01 4
Types of Emergencies The “Big Ones” fall into 2 categories: Natural or Man-Made PS: Even the small incidents can disrupt like large ones!! PPT-074 -01 5
Emergency Management The scope of emergency management in today’s world requires: § Considering possible events § Planning for situations of high probability as well as unique events § Providing for resources to meet the event § Recovering and restoring to normal PPT-074 -01 6
Facility Model The emergency response cycle for a facility can include: ü Preparation ü Warning ü Relocation ü Mobilization ü Monitoring Services PPT-074 -01 7
Facility Model ü Control/Stabilization ü Close-out/Termination ü Return to Normal Operations ü Damage Assessment & Recovery ü Plan Review & Modification Let’s simplify this…. . PPT-074 -01 8
Emergency Management Cyclic in Nature § Preparedness § Response § Recovery § Mitigation & Prevention PPT-074 -01 9
Emergency Management Methods § IEMS (Integrated Emergency Management System) § ICS (Incident Command System) PPT-074 -01 10
Plan PPT-074 -01 11
Aids to Planning Job assignment and identification Guidance Manuals PPT-074 -01 12
Plan Contents § Facility Overview § Hazards and Hazard Control Plan § Safety Systems In-place § Emergency Response Organization § Levels of Magnitude for Events PPT-074 -01 13
Plan Contents § Communication § Contacts § Procedures/Action Plans § Checklists § Plan Administration § Staff Training PPT-074 -01 14
Evaluate Emergency Possibilities Analyze your area(s) of responsibility Ask questions regarding: v What could happen and what would be the results? v How do we meet the needs? v Could your facility exist absent the infrastructure which has been damaged? PPT-074 -01 15
Hazards by Area o Determine Hazards for which procedures should be created o Internal events or external hazards which may intrude o Determine the main agency concerned with response: → → Fire Brigade Spill Team First Aid Team Security PPT-074 -01 Or maybe the “A” Team! 16
Emergencies by Agency Fire Response v Structures v Storage v Processes v Manufacturing v Transport (off-loading materials) v Labs v Parking lots PPT-074 -01 17
Haz. Mat Response § Chemical storage § Labs § Processes § Hazardous waste locations § Shipping/Receiving § Transportation § Manufacturing § Environmental events PPT-074 -01 18
Security § Disgruntled employees § Bomb threats § Full power outage § Control of mass media § Access control for -site responders off § Demonstrations § Securing vacated buildings § Active Shooter events PPT-074 -01 19
Develop Command Control § Duty Assignments § Job descriptions § When do they report? § Where do they go? § To whom do they report? § Who reports to them? § Radio channels PPT-074 -01 20
Emergency Titles and Duties § Incident Commander o Safety o Liaison o Public Information (PIO) § Operations § Planning/Intelligence § Logistics § Finance/Administration PPT-074 -01 21
Facility Emergency Team A facility’s team may also include the following: üSr. Rep of Operations üSr. Manager üHuman resources üPublic relations üEnvironmental üEngineering üLegal PPT-074 -01 22
Expanding the ICS § As the incident magnitude increases, so will the number and types of agencies involved § Provide for such expansion § Also provide to rotate out tired staff for fresh crews PPT-074 -01 23
Locate a Facility EOC Equip with: § Telephones § Radios § Tables/chairs § White boards § Lighting § Backup generator § Locate agencies with similar missions in close proximity PPT-074 -01 24
Event Classifications § § Unusual Event Alert Site Emergency General Emergency Note: You may also reduce the number of levels to three (3), i. e. Ø Level III PPT-074 -01 25
Event Classification Base the event classification on: Ø Severity of event to people Ø Severity to facility; physically or operationally Ø Potential of condition to spread Ø Effort required to control event Ø Effect event has on the surrounding community Ø Number and type of additional agencies affected by the event PPT-074 -01 26
Unusual Event An event has occurred on the facility but does not affect: v Personnel safety v Public safety v The operation of the facility On-site emergency responders only PPT-074 -01 27
Alert An event has occurred on the facility minimally affecting: v Personnel safety v Public safety v The operation of the facility On-site emergency responders with possibility of off-site responders PPT-074 -01 28
Site Emergency An event has occurred on the facility greatly affecting: v Personnel safety v Off-site public v The operation of the facility • On-site emergency responders along with off-site emergency responders • Event may be of longer duration PPT-074 -01 29
General Emergency An event has occurred on the facility posing an imminent threat to: v Site Personnel v Off-site Public safety v The operation of the facility • On-site emergency responders along with off-site emergency responders • Event will require extreme actions to stabilize PPT-074 -01 30
Communications Complex events require more complex communications than just dialing 911 PPT-074 -01 31
Communications § Provide direct lines § Alternate means § “Rumor Hotlines” § Each person’s problem is the most important during an emergency § Create filters and distribution methods § Log all messages PPT-074 -01 32
Alternate Communications CB clubs Radio clubs Former military staff Emergency service members § Emergency Broadcast System contacts § Assign a Communications Coordinator and alternate § § PPT-074 -01 33
Contact Lists § During an emergency: no time to try & find phone numbers or identify responsible persons § Establish these lists during planning § Update lists when persons vacate their assignment PPT-074 -01 34
Action Plans § § Assign an AP Number Assign an initial event magnitude Criteria for implementing Checklist, by action agency, of those tasks to be implemented ü ü Initial call-outs Procedures to be reviewed Technical information reviewed Support procedures PPT-074 -01 35
Action Plan Index: Examples Event 300 Explosions 301 Structures 302 Bulk Product: Liquid or Gas 400 Transportation Accidents 406 Aircraft Accident PPT-074 -01 Level Alert Site Emergency General Emergency 36
Basic Emergency Action Plans Address need for immediate action to protect employees due to the occurrence of lifethreatening or endangering exposure Examples: Ø Building & Site Evacuation Ø Hazardous Materials Spill Ø Urgent Employee Medical Treatment PPT-074 -01 37
Checklists Design checklists to cut down on written instructions It is easier to view a graphic than decipher long paragraphs of instructions PPT-074 -01 38
Continuing Operations § Backup operating records/documents § Locate secondary/tertiary records to restart operations § Does your facility have another location to continue operations? § Is there rental property you can obtain? § How do you minimize your down time? PPT-074 -01 39
Command Control § Conduct briefings with agency leaders § Conduct combined (all agency) briefings § Brief each on event developments and determine each agency’s required actions PPT-074 -01 40
Mapping Develop mapping strategies: § Populated areas § Evacuation routes/alternates § Congregate Care Centers § Road link capabilities Determine security measures for: § Populations § Infrastructure locations PPT-074 -01 41
Mapping Facility Target hazards: - Life - Property: ü High value materials ü Safety related equipment ü Bulk/hazardous storage - Important to plant operations ü Fire pumps ü Emergency generators - Utilities PPT-074 -01 42
Mapping Individual buildings Ø Life hazards/evacuation routes Ø Assembly points for emergency teams Ø Access points for off-site agencies Ø Shutdown logics for equipment/processes Ø Emergency equipment locations PPT-074 -01 43
Mapping • Use Topographic maps to determine potentially threatened areas • Also to determine areas subject to flooding • Plot downwind drift for released gases or vapors PPT-074 -01 44
Information Logs Create Wall Boards to Log Information: Situation status Resource status PPT-074 -01 45
Disruptions § How would this affect access to your facility? § What’s required to override the problem? PPT-074 -01 46
Protective Actions: Evacuation § To where? § By what routes? Alternates? § How do they get there? § Who sets-up the CCC (congregate care center)? § Who provides services? § Will they take pets? ? PPT-074 -01 47
Protective Actions: Sheltering § American Red Cross is structured to set-up these shelters § Staff trained to the needs of the population received § You might also implement a combination of evacuating and sheltering PPT-074 -01 48
Impacting Off-Site Locations A release at your facility may directly impact off-site communities This impact may directly affect you if your neighborhood’s involved Consider the needs the following events may trigger: PPT-074 -01 49
Special Considerations Transportation Coordinator - Provides transport for various groups Sheltering Coordinator - Sets-up lodging and registration for moved groups - Establishes services PPT-074 -01 50
Where Does a School Go? School concerns: • Evacuate or Shelter In-Place? o Some schools own their buses; drivers work for school o Accessibility to transport is provided • Schools “evacuate” their students each day at a given time • Time of occurrence will determine their destination PPT-074 -01 51
Student Transport Special security & safety issues Concerned parents may create traffic problems during an evacuation by going to the school Buses can also be used for other evacuating population groups PPT-074 -01 52
Elderly/Infirm Special requirements: • Transport • Medical Needs • Contacting family • The patience to explain the situation PPT-074 -01 53
Toddlers and Infants Some facilities have Day Care This presents its own special concerns for evacuation or sheltering: üFeeding üClothing üMedication üAttention spans PPT-074 -01 54
Special Friends § Some shelters do not take pets § Determine what arrangements have been made for receiving pets § Some owners are adamant: “If you won’t take my pet, I won’t go!” PPT-074 -01 55
Special Needs Remember, pets are people, too Some of your employees may also have assist dogs What food and water provisions are required? PPT-074 -01 56
Rescue § Group rescue for pets § Evaluate the resources required for this rescue § List them § Could your agency provide them in a timely fashion § How do the demands change if this was a water-borne rescue of people? PPT-074 -01 57
Livestock Animal rescue training available (e. g. , Penn State Agricultural Extension) PPT-074 -01 58
Community Volunteers Consider: o Varying talents o Availability o Training needs o Equipment needs o Transport needs PPT-074 -01 59
Community Emergency Response Team Guidance Exists for § Training § Assigning § Equipping § Communicating PPT-074 -01 60
Existing Agencies Include: Ø Ø Fire Service EMS Service Police Service Haz. Mat Teams Magnitude of your event may stress these agencies PPT-074 -01 61
Train Your Staff § § § On their duties Policies Reporting methods Communications Documentation § Authority assigned § Emergency actions allowed § Conduct multi-agency drills to perfect response capabilities § Critique drills and modify plans PPT-074 -01 62
Kits Specialty response kits can be constructed for individuals as well as action teams When the emergency begins is not the time to determine and gather the needed supplies PPT-074 -01 63
Response § Consider the various emergency types and magnitudes § Match resources which may be required for each type § Allow for rotation of responders and the need for additional resources § Also consider: “What if we have an emergency and nobody shows up to help? ” PPT-074 -01 64
Fire Emergencies § § Processes, Single buildings, Industrial complexes, Unique facilities o Evacuation o In-place sheltering o Combination PPT-074 -01 65
Industrial Losses § Will it rebuild? § Can it rebuild? § If it rebuilds, what’s its life expectancy? § Is it a major employer for the area? § Long-term effects PPT-074 -01 66
Handle Alone or Mutual Aid § What fixed systems exist? § What systems will be stressed? § Your Fire Brigade? § With off-site help? § Access available? § Support requirements? PPT-074 -01 67
Medical Emergencies § What unique requirements? § Will the numbers involved stress the support services? § Will they inundate the medical facilities and staff? PPT-074 -01 68
Incident Command System: EMS PPT-074 -01 69
Special Support § Can you obtain? § Will other agencies need to support? § What if the special units suffer an incident? PPT-074 -01 70
Water Emergencies If you’re near water, you’ll need: v Rescue means v Personal protection (PFDs) v Alerting means v Transport means v Medical treatment v Relocation center If you’re near water, you’ll need “water stuff” PPT-074 -01 71
Tornado: The Watch Review plans while anticipating a weather event Determine methods to “secure” the facility against impact PPT-074 -01 72
External Impact What preparations must be performed to protect your facility? Do the resources exist to achieve this protection? PPT-074 -01 73
The Warning • Xenia, Ohio in the mid 1970’s • The Impact Results PPT-074 -01 74
Disruption • What are some needs to restore? • Is this a short-term or long-term event? • Can alternate means be implemented while control is being achieved? PPT-074 -01 75
Save or Relocate § What event level? § Long-term? § Effects on persons and the economy? § Recovery? How long? PPT-074 -01 76
Infrastructure § What’s Plan B? § Plan C? § If you have an active plant, how can you maintain operation? § What’s Plan Z? PPT-074 -01 77
Infrastructure Consider the Katrina flooding: § Roads gone! § Businesses gone! § Worker force gone! What external impacts do you need to guard against? Will you be able to? PPT-074 -01 78
Borrowing from History § What emergency response needs were discovered due to this event? § Can your plant “buy” into procedures developed by this agency? PPT-074 -01 79
Downed Aircraft Incidents “This can never happen here. ” Beware of emphatic statements like this Somebody also said the Titanic couldn’t sink! PPT-074 -01 80
Possibilities Aircraft flight paths over the United States The volume of flights indicates the possibility of a downed aircraft incident just about anywhere PPT-074 -01 81
Escalating Events Could this. . . Become this? PPT-074 -01 82
Unique Concerns PPT-074 -01 83
Anti-Terrorism Planning § Is your industry or locale a potential target? § What unique planning is required to preclude or minimize such a threat? PPT-074 -01 84
Lessons Learned Murrah Building World Trade Center PPT-074 -01 85
Mass Casualty Events These can result from: o Terroristic events o Process releases o Transportation accidents o Storage failures o Agricultural incidents PPT-074 -01 86
Who Responds? • Dictated by the event • Numbers impacted • Nature of impacting material PPT-074 -01 87
Recovery • Sorting it all out • Prioritize what must be restored first • Determine the resources required for restoration • Schedule & implement • Monitor progress • Keep public advised PPT-074 -01 88
Mitigation/Prevention § Make the most of lessons learned § Critique response for fact-finding NOT faultfinding § Determine plan changes § Train staff on changes PPT-074 -01 89
Continue to Train on: • Probable events • Possible events • Unique and severe events PPT-074 -01 90
Questions PPT-074 -01 91
Contact Information To contact a Health & Safety Training Specialist: Bureau of Workers’ Compensation 1171 South Cameron Street Room 324 Harrisburg, PA 17104 -2501 717 -772 -1635 RA-LI-BWC-Safety@pa. gov PPT-074 -01 92
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