
3aa9e894354e93a01a93cc4738296ed7.ppt
- Количество слайдов: 26
Making India an ICT Powerhouse: The role of Innovation System K J Joseph Centre for Development Studies Trivandrum, Kerala, India K J Joseph BRICS workshop Rio 25 -27 April 07
How do we proceed v India’s unmatched ICT credentials v Innovation system and India’s IT development v The weak links K J Joseph BRICS workshop Rio 25 -27 April 07
India’s unmatched ICT credentials: Some indicators K J Joseph BRICS workshop Rio 25 -27 April 07
India: Aimed at hardware, gained in software (export $mill) K J Joseph BRICS workshop Rio 25 -27 April 07
India: Aimed at hardware, gained in software (the trend) K J Joseph BRICS workshop Rio 25 -27 April 07
IT and the Economy K J Joseph BRICS workshop Rio 25 -27 April 07
IT and the Economy (Employment) Year IT, Engineering and R&D, Software Products Exports IT-enabled services Exports Domestic sector Total 1999 -00 110000 42000 132000 284000 2000 -01 162000 70000 198114 430114 2001 -02 170000 106000 246250 522250 20002 -03 205000 180000 285000 670000 2003 -04 E 296000 216000 318000 830000 2004 -05 E 390000 316000 352000 1058000 2005 -06 E 513000 409000 365000 1287000 *: Does not include employee numbers relating to the hardware sector Quated in: NASSCOM Strategic Review 2006, Page 145 K J Joseph BRICS workshop Rio 25 -27 April 07
Shift from onsite to offshore K J Joseph BRICS workshop Rio 25 -27 April 07
Moving up and down the value chain? ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ Moving up? ? …. Increasing presence in SW products & embedded Software Expanding Supply Base Growing range of domain expertise and applications Increasing presence in knowledge processing Moving down? ? Higher growth in BPOs & ITEs Geographical Diversification K J Joseph BRICSl Broad based development workshop Rio 25 -27 April l High employment intensity 07 l
International Quality Accreditations Description No. of Firms ISO 9001 330 ISO 9002 23 ISO 9001/9002 345 ISO 9001: 2000 72 SEI CMM Level 5 82 SEI CMM Level 2, 3, 4 41 CMMi Level 5 32 CMMi Level 2, 3, 4 14 PCMM Level 5 13 PCMM Level 2, 3, 4 11 Six Sigma 44 Others 41 Total 401 K J Joseph BRICS workshop Rio 25 -27 April 07
¡ Innovation System and India’s ICT Development K J Joseph BRICS workshop Rio 25 -27 April 07
Innovation System and India’s IT Development ¡ ¡ ¡ Institutions Bhabha Committee of 1963, Electronics Committee 1966 Department of Electronics (1970) Electronics Commission 1971 National Conference -potential of software exports - Manpower and Infrastructure Setting up of SEEPZ and liberal trade and investment policies K J Joseph BRICS workshop Rio 25 -27 April 07
Innovation System and India’s IT Development Ø Ø Ø Ø Computer Policy 1984 Computer Software Policy (1986) Further Policy reforms in 1990 s including tax exemptions Setting up of Software Technology Parks Initiatives by the regional governments National Taskforce on IT and Software (1998) Policy Reforms in the Telecom Sector Ø Ø Ø K J Joseph BRICS workshop Rio 25 -27 April 07 National Telecom Policy in 1994 Telecom Regulatory Act of 1997 (TRAI) New Telecom Policy of March 1999
Innovation System and India’s IT Development ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ Interventions towards developing manpower ICT Manpower development has been the key component of different S&T policies But there were certain specific initiatives for the IT and software sector National Conference - M Tech Program in IITs Rajaram Committee (1978) – MCA Program and Expansion of Mtech Early 1980 s’ Private sector entry to IT Training Sampath Committee (1985) More Active role by Do. E accreditation with AICTE K J Joseph BRICS workshop Rio 25 -27 April 07
Innovation System and India’s IT Development ¡ ¡ ¡ R&D Capability Building R&D activity in software at different institutions such as TIFR, IITs, IISc, select universities by Do. E National Centre for Software Technology (NCST), set up in Bombay in 1984, instrumental for development of internet in the country C-DAC in Advanced Computing Various ER&DC spread across the country Patterns of Spatial Agglomeration of IT sector K J Joseph BRICS workshop Rio 25 -27 April 07
Innovation System and India’s IT Development Demand creation ¡ Procurement policies and other promotional measures ¡ Railway computerization ¡ Bank automation ¡ Financial support: The role of EXIM bank of India ¡ Venture capital ¡ K J Joseph BRICS workshop Rio 25 -27 April 07
Innovation System and India’s IT Development Firms Ø Skewed and long tailed distribution Ø Home grown success with limited role foreign firms Ø But in hardware- foreign firms Industry associations Addressing Software piracy Ø Projecting India’s Image Ø Nasscom’s role in getting the visa rules K J Joseph BRICS relaxed by the developed countries …. . workshop Rio 25 -27 April Ø 07
¡ The Weak links K J Joseph BRICS workshop Rio 25 -27 April 07
Weak/absence of Networks ¡ Networks integrate complementarities in knowledge, capabilities, and specialization Hardly any interaction between firms ¡ Interaction with other actors like university is at a very low level ¡ ¡ BUT K J Joseph BRICS workshop Rio 25 -27 April 07
Strong networking with foreign firms: (outsourcing & mergers) Sectoral Composition of M&As in Indian Companies 2000 Primary 2001 2002 2003 2000 -03 Total Percent 2 2 5 9 7. 6 7 3 9 15 34 28. 6 Services of which: 28 18 10 20 76 63. 9 Software 23 17 9 18 67 56. 3 Total 35 23 21 40 119 100 Industry K J Joseph BRICS workshop Rio 25 -27 April 07
Demand: weak interface with the domestic market ICT and Poverty ¡ Large number of projects ¡ But multiplicity of actors ¡ Lack of coordination and ¡ Failure to exploit synergies ¡ Failure to move beyond pilot stage ¡ (role of innovation system not being appreciated) ¡ K J Joseph BRICS workshop Rio 25 -27 April 07
Demand : ICT diffusion K J Joseph BRICS workshop Rio 25 -27 April 07
Demand: IT investment in the Mfg sector (share in fixed investment) K J Joseph BRICS workshop Rio 25 -27 April 07
ICT boom and other Sectors: Competition for skilled manpower? K J Joseph BRICS workshop Rio 25 -27 April 07
In the context of BRICS ¡ ICT solutions addressing southern issues ¡ Unlike earlier GPTs substantial capability exist in the South in case of ICTs Cor. DECT Wirless in Local Loop Technology Developed in India by the Indian Institute of Technology Chennai Hardware innovations, like simputer are highly relevant in addressing the issues of affordability and illiteracy faced by developing countries The developments in the Free/ Open Source Software (FOSS) Need for bringing together BRICS to achieve scale and minimize risk ¡ • • • An E-BRICS Framework Agreement? ? ? • K J Joseph BRICS workshop Rio 25 -27 April 07
Thank You Very Much K J Joseph BRICS workshop Rio 25 -27 April 07