MAKE YOUR NETWORK SMARTER Clearing

. . . MAKE YOUR NETWORK SMARTER Clearing the fog… Then what is a Network Camera?

All in one Camera Web Server

Integrated solution A camera and a computer (webserver) integrated Camera Computer

The Camera The camera: Drives the sensor Adjusts for lighting Delivers images to the computer Camera

The Camera The computer (or really the Web server): Utilizes ASIC to compress & enhance video Responds to requests for images Delivers images Provides a platform for management Can be set to take actions (e mail, ftp, notifications) Can be dialed in to (some models) Can be customized (scripting) Can serve a video surveillance application and more…. Computer

. . . MAKE YOUR NETWORK SMARTER Axis definition of a network solution

Analog CCTV System from late 90’s

Technology shifts “The approach of the digital age is unstoppable and soon all media will be in digital form”

Is a DVR based solution digital?

No DVR’s are just a step…. IP Surveillance and DVR solutions share some benefits

…. . to the complete digital solution “Pure” IP Surveillance offers significant advantages over DVRs

Example Analog Digital TCP/IP Digital Analog

“Pure Digital” Advantages 8 Unlimited flexibility 8 Unlimited scalability 8 Open standards 8 Easy replacement or expansion 8 Remote access to video from any location 8 Advanced digital image management

Disadvantages of analog CCTV 8 Analog technology with very limited future development 8 Limited remote monitoring 8 Dedicated expensive cabling 8”Single user” only 8 Closed system, closed architecture

So how do we make it happen? 8 Transfer 8 New legacy installations in steps. . . installations fully digital. . .

Extend your Analog CCTV Systems

Enhance Your system

Digital Systems directly

Looking forward Control room Remote accessibility

Distributed system

Large system State of Minnesota

Market Trends Sharing of IT networks for Security Video Ø Merger of Security and IT functions in companies Ø Security system integrator video sales up 44 % in 2002 Ø JP Freeman 2003 Report

Markets in transition IT market Security Market IT Market

. . . MAKE YOUR NETWORK SMARTER Connection examples

Case : Simple home monitoring 1 camera , 1 PC Monitoring of for example entrance door Axis 205 PC It’s easy to expand; just add cameras to extend coverage

Case : Monitoring of remote house Monitoring of a house at a remote location (for example vacation home) Motion detector Modem PC Axis 2100 The Axis 2100 can trigger on the motion detector and start sending images

Case : Monitoring of remote house (2) Monitoring of a house at a remote location (for example vacation home) Motion detector PC Modem Internet Service Provider FTP Server In this case a FTP server is used as a intermediate server, mail can also be used

Case : Online monitoring of remote house Monitoring of a remote house utilizing broadband connection x. DSL Router With fixed IP or Dynamic DNS Internet PC Axis 205’s All cameras can be accessed at all times from a remote PC

. . . MAKE YOUR NETWORK SMARTER Slightly more detailed examples…

Case : Shop 4 cameras , local recording, remote view PC in the shop Running surveillance SW Remote PC ADSL Router Remote PC Network cameras

Case: House 2 indoor cameras and 2 outdoor cameras. Alarm sensors, only view and alarms AXIS 2120´s Mounted in outdoor casing connected through wireless bridge and external antenna Wireless ADSL Router Remote PC Motion detectors

Case: Office 6 indoor cameras, programed recording. Director recording and operator view. In a local area network Director PC running Axis Camera Recorder Axis 205 Operator PC running Axis Camera Explorer

Case: Industrial 4 outdoor cameras with night view, 4 indoor PTZ cameras, 4 fixed indoor cameras. Programmed Recording, View for the Security Guard. Director PC running Axis Camera Recorder Operator PC running Axis Camera Explorer

Case: Retail Shops 1 fixed camera and 1 PTZ Camera, for each shop. Only view. Router Remote PC running Axis Camera Explorer Axis 205 Axis 2130

Case: Day care center 3 indoor cameras and 1 outdoor camera (external play zone). No recording. Access via web. Axis 205 Router PC with Internet Explorer Axis 2110 & 290 A Web Server

Case: Construction 2 outdoor fixed cameras. View and Remote Recording (low amount of fps) Router Operator PC running Axis Camera Recorder AXIS 2120 & 290 A Bundle

Case: Sports Installation (golf, seaport, skiing, ) 3 outdoor fix cameras Router PC with Internet Explorer AXIS 2120 & 290 A Bundle

. . . MAKE YOUR NETWORK SMARTER Setting a IP Address

The AXIS IP Utility The most user friendly method. 8 Windows application 8 1. Type in last 6 characters 2. 3. 4. 5. of serial (labeled on product) Type in IP Adress Power cycle product Click on [Set IP] Access camera and do detailed settings What is it? A windows “shell” for ARP & PING (to be discussed) Provides the same functionality in a more user friendly way

. . . MAKE YOUR NETWORK SMARTER ARP and Ping The manual method

Topics 8 ARP protocol 8 Ping utility 8 Setting ping an IP address using ARP and

ARP 8 Address Resolution Protocol 8 Associates with IP MAC (hardware) address

Ping 8 Will test basic TCP/IP connectivity 8 Sends a packet & waits for responce

More Info 8 ARP/Ping must be done on the same network segment 8 Axis product must be rebooted during the ping 8 The IP you try to assign must be compatible with yours (i. e. in the same range) Note: This also applies to the Axis IP Utility as the utility is a graphical interface to Arp & ping

Assigning an IP Syntax for the ARP command: arp –s (sets a static arp entry) arp –a (view the arp cache) Older products: ping –t New products: ping –t -l 408 (sets the desired address) While the continuous ping is going, power cycle the camera and let the ping continue until you start to receive replies. Then, press Ctrl-C to break the ping.

In pictures C: >arp –s 192. 168. 0. 10 00 -40 -8 C-AA-BB-CC C: > The computers arp table is updated with the entry and “ties” the hardware (MAC) address to the IP address

In pictures C: >arp –s 192. 168. 0. 10 00 -40 -8 C-AA-BB-CC C: > ping –t 192. 168. 0. 10 Pinging 192. 168. 0. 10 Request timed out. Computer sends “ping” packets to the camera using arp table as address source

In pictures C: >arp –s 192. 168. 0. 10 00 -40 -8 C-AA-BB-CC C: > ping –t 192. 168. 0. 10 Pinging 192. 168. 0. 10 Request timed out. Reply from 192. 168. 0. 10 Camera receives packets sets it’s IP address and sends responses to the computer

Q&A

. . . MAKE YOUR NETWORK SMARTER Image/Video Compression

Image Compression 8 Why compression in the first place A video sequence in accordance to CCIR 601 (720 x 485 pixels) require 165 Mbit/sec ! One channel !

Image Compression 8 Image or Video ?

Image Compression 8 The result of the Compression depends on Picture size, pixels Content

Image Compression 8 The different image compressions fundamentals Differential method Non differential method Loss vs. No Loss of information

Non differential method Time

Non differential method 8 Single pictures No information discarded or All information transferred Varying degree of lost information Quality less depending on transfer rate

Differential method Time

Differential method 8 Group of pictures (GOP) and updates Less noticeable information discarded or Only noticeable information transferred Quality more depending on transfer rate

Compression 8 To organize and remove information without loss of “visible” content Moving pictures, H. 261, H. 263 MPEG Still pictures, JPEG

JPEG and MJPEG 8 International standard 8 Joint Photographic Experts Group 8 Different level of compression within the standard 8 Compression rate determines amount of bytes per picture 8 Variable pictures per second

JPEG compression, Axis ARTPEC Low compression 100% ≈ 108 Kb

JPEG compression, Axis ARTPEC Medium compression 87% ≈ 13 Kb

JPEG compression, Axis ARTPEC High compression 95% ≈ 5 Kb

MJPEG – Key properties 8 Same quality on each and every frame 8 Variable bandwidth / storage requirement 8 MJPEG focuses on Quality

MPEG – Key properties 8 Maintained bandwidth 8 Maintained framerate 8 MPEG focuses on consistent bandwidth/maintained framerate

MPEG, 1, 2 & 4 8 International standard Motion Pictures Experts Group Always 30 pictures per second Picture size determines required transfer rate

MPEG, 1, 2 & 4 MPEG 1 2 4 Max Bit rate (Mbps) 1, 86 15 15 Picture width (pixels) 352 720 Picture height (pixels) 288 576 Picture rate (fps) 30 30 30

Applications JPEG 8 Typically where single images are of interest Gate entry Cashier Visual verification of status

Applications MPEG 8 Typically when a continuous process is of interest Traffic Assembly Process flow High end Security Continuous movement

Q&A

. . . MAKE YOUR NETWORK SMARTER Lenses & Filters

Lens and optical filter in a camera

Filters IR filter 8 Filters the Infrared light invisible for the human eye but visible for cameras

Filters Optical low pass filter 8 Splits the incoming light 8 Improves color representation

Filters – Example: Without optical low pass filter

Filters – Example: With optical low pass filter

The Lens

Angle of view 8 Same as “Field of view” 8 What the camera with a given lens can “see” 8 Horizontal, vertical or diagonal

Lenses Focal length 8 A small focal length gives wide angle view. 8 A large focal length gives tele view.

Lenses – Calculating the focal length (f): f = D*I/ W 8 Which focal length is needed for the application?

Lenses – Depth of field 8 The regions in front of and behind the focus point where the image remains in focus

Lenses Aperture F number f 1. 0 f 1. 2 f 1. 4 f 1. 7 f 2. 8 f 4. 0 f 5. 6 % of light passed 20% 14. 14% 10% 7. 07 2. 5% 1. 25% 0. 625%

Lenses – Lens Iris A wire between the camera and the lens is needed with an automatic iris lens. 8 Opening in the lens that controls the amount of incoming light that reaches the image sensor

Lenses Lens elements 8 A lens contains several lens elements 8 Aspherical elements reduces distortion

Lenses Mount standards 8 CS mount 12. 5 mm from camera edge to sensor 8 C mount 17. 5 mm from camera edge to sensor Conversion C to CS is possible

Lenses – Sensor dependency The lens must make an image circle large enough to cover the sensor 8 Larger sensor = more expensive lens 8 The size (e. g. 1/3”) can not be measured anywhere. corresponds to old TV camera tubes 8 Low end lenses produces unsharp corners 8

Lenses Resolution 8 A typical CCTV lens has a resolution of 100 lines/mm.

Lenses – Types: Wide angle C Large angle of view C Good in low light C Good depth of field D “Barrel” distortion D Not for long distances

Lenses – Types: Wide angle image example 8 Example of barrel distortion & missing optical low pass filter

Lenses – Types: Telephoto C Good on long distance C No barrel distortion D Shallow (small ) depth of field D Bad in low light

Lenses – Types: Vari focal 8 The focal length can be adjusted 8 Needs refocusing after focal length adjustment 8 Less precision needed in focal length calculation

Lenses – Types: Zoom 8 Zoom – the focal length can be adjusted with maintained focus 8 Often motorised.

Special Lenses – Fish eye 8 Extremely wide angle (~180 deg) lenses are called “Fish eye lenses”

Lenses – Example: Fisheye image 8 A fish eye lens on a high resolution camera can work as a pan/tilt/zoom camera

Special Lenses – Pin hole Exit pupil is 1 3 mm. 8 Can be either low end $1 lenses or high end >$500 lenses. 8

Questions & Answers

. . . MAKE YOUR NETWORK SMARTER Applications & Solutions

What is a solution? 8 Network video solutions Several network video products and an application Specialized applications Integration with other systems

The value of applications Applications are the key complement for network video solutions 8 Applications adds critical functionality 8 For example: Advanced storage Databases Advanced event handling Video management Scalability Integration Languages Customization

AXIS strategy 8 Partner program Axis Application Development Partner 8 Own software (Of a more generic type) Axis Camera Explorer Axis Camera Recorder Axis Camera Station

Verticals and customer segments Retail Gov. Education Bank and finance Industry Transport Other Large Mid range Small ry nt 1 u Co ry Co t un . c et 2, • Different needs in different verticals => need for different applications • Different needs for different customer level => need for different appl. • Different needs for different countries => need for different applications • Etc. => a lot of applications

ADP Program – Summary Win –W 8 For distributors and Axis: Increased market size and sales 8 For partners: Marketing and technical assistance Large installed base of network video products business opportunities 8 For end users: Access to a wide range of complete application solutions in – Win

ADP Partners per region Americas USA 32 Canada 6 Brazil North & South America 2 EMEA (Spain APAC and Japan 149 partners in 31 countries * January 13 th 2003 13)

Q&A

. . . MAKE YOUR NETWORK SMARTER Designing IP Surveillance Solutions

The basics 8 In some ways similar to analog: What do we need to monitor? When do we need to monitor it? How many cameras is needed to cover? How much video do we need to transfer How much video do we need to save? Do we need to identify or detect?

What do we need to monitor 8 Define the scene(s) Lighting conditions Distances Angle of view needed High traffic or low traffic

When do we need monitor it? 8 Same need to monitor day/night/weekend? 8 Schedule the needs for every “scene”

How many cameras is needed to cover? 8 Which types of cameras Light sensitivity? Video quality? Which type of lens? Speed? PTZ? I/O Needs? are needed?

How much video do we need to transfer 30 fps transferred around the clock?

How much video do we need to save 30 fps saved around the clock?

. . . MAKE YOUR NETWORK SMARTER The network

LAN/WAN inventory 8 Congestion level of current LAN 8 Congestion level of current WAN links 8 Schedule of congestion levels 8 Redundancy of WAN links

Network (LAN) New network or existing infrastructure? The answer might be in the needs discussed earlier

New network (LAN) 8 Speed? 8 100 Mbit/s switches 8 1 Gbit/s Backbone

New network (LAN) 8 Guidelines: Calculate 30% extra capacity Avoid cross use with public (parallel) network as long as possible

New network (WAN) 8 Share WAN links with the public network? 8 Extra links needed for redundancy? 8 Distributed storage needed?

Existing network (LAN) Possible at all?

Existing network (LAN) 8“Mixed mode” Separate network for backbone/main installation, public network where needed 8 VLAN A “logical” way to separate the surveillance network from the public 8 Qo. S Ensure the available bandwidth for surveillance equipment on the public network

Existing network (WAN) 8 Use VPN’s? (compare with VLAN’s) 8 Distributed storage? 8 Nightly transfers of recorded material?

Conclusions 8 The basic’s still apply Do a thorough inventory of the needs 8 High performance Infrastructure equipment are dropping in price/usage complexity 8 Avoid “free” sharing with public networks 8 VLANS, Qo. S & VPN’s are excellent tools for a surveillance network

Cases 8 Case examples: Education Large scale Distributed systems Services

Questions & Answers