Maiden Tower 10 «a» student's presentation Chalabieva Sevda
Maiden's Tower, an ancient fortified building in the coastal part of the "Old City" Icheri Sheher. Is one of the most important components of the seaside "facade" Baku. Austere towers of its mass in the coastal part of the feudal city - Fortress or Icheri Sheher. The tower stands on a cliff, partially lined with hewn stone clean and protected fortress wall with the large semi-circular protrusions that rise from the bottom to near the top.
STORY Maiden Tower Construction date is unknown. At the top of the tower to the right of the entrance is mounted stone plate with a two-row Kufic inscription. The inscription reads: "Gubba (dome, vault) Masud ibn Dawood. " For a long time, based on this line, the tower dated XII century. But this plate clearly appeared on the tower later, as she casually and carelessly built into the masonry, not above the main entrance, but somewhere on the side, at a height of 14 meters above the ground. Most likely, this tombstone, which during the repair patched window in the tower, or the name of the master repair the building. On examination, we can see that this place was a square niche or window. After installing the board in the top of the niche was inserted random stone, and the gaps closed up with a solution that has not been used in the construction. The fact that the plate is located on the site of the window, indirectly confirmed by its location - a niche located almost on par with the main window of the tower, but on the opposite side of him. The tower was built in two stages. First presumably refers to the pre-Islamic era, and the inscription belongs to a later time, of course, XII century. Information plate near the Maiden Tower In XVIII-XIX centuries the Maiden Tower was used as a beacon. Beacon light turns on June 13, 1858, and before that it was raised on land flag. Later, with the growth of the city, the lights on the tower of the lighthouse began to merge with the night lights of the city and in 1907, the lighthouse was moved to Nargin. Maiden Tower repeatedly restored. During repairs, conducted in mid XIX century Russian military department, from the top of the tower disappeared machicolations (tines), who served for defense. The last time the tower was restored in 1960. In 1964, the Maiden Tower became a museum, and in 2000 was included in the list of World Heritage Sites.
STRUCTURE In the XII century Maiden Tower became a defensive system of Baku and was the main stronghold of the Baku fortress, one of the most powerful fortresses Shirvanshahs. But all the recent studies Maiden Tower completely refuted all of the assumptions about the defensive purpose of the tower. Neither in form nor in the internal mechanics or by location, it does not provide any defensive purposes, and was simply not suitable for this. A good example of this is the location of the windows, there are only a few in the entire tower, they are not on the floor, and rising up along the stairs, and do not look down, and up. In addition, over a small area of its roof, where the location can not be any guns. Third, the lack of regular communication between the first and all the other floors. That is, from the ground floor up stairs led not constant, and the time that can be removed, after which the defenders of the towers actually bricked themselves to the upper floors. This confirms the view's original religious purpose Maiden Tower. Flat stone domed interior of the tower divided to 8 tiers connected by spiral staircases and illuminated slotted little windows to the south ledge. Inhabitants of the tower, the number of which can reach 200 people, provides water to deep well. Its dimensions (height 30 m) and a capacity of walls (5 m at the base and 4 m above) is much higher than the Maiden Tower castles of Absheron. Does not meet the analogy and its mysterious protrusion, which was neither buttress nor cache nor reflected rocky cores 'spur'. Remedies, apparently focused on the top deck, the nature of which has not been documented architecture installed. Unusual and ribbed surface of the body, formed by the alternation of speakers and rows of recessed masonry. Descriptions of the Maiden Tower, dating back to the early 20 th century and earlier, does not mention the tiers.
The origin of the Maiden Tower There are many legends. Most of them are related to the value of the word "virgin. " One legend says that the Shah decided to marry his daughter to a man she did not love. Trying to rid themselves of such a fate, and to dissuade her father, the girl asked the Shah to build the tower and wait until the construction is completed. By the time of completion of the king would not change his decision and then she came up to the tower and rushed out into the sea. After that, the stone of which the princess was broken, called the "Stone of the Virgin, " and the girls, as brides, brought him flowers. There is another version of the legend: after she threw herself into the sea, her beloved favorite avenged by killing the king, but he soon learned that the mermaid had saved her. After a time, beloved able to find each other and fasten the knot. Legend is also evidenced by the fact that the Caspian Sea is located at the foot of the Maiden Tower. According to legend, near the Maiden Tower was executed Saint Bartholomew, one of the twelve apostles of Jesus Christ. In Baku Bartholomew appeared in the I century, preaching Christianity among the pagan tribes. However, the teaching Bartholomew was rejected, and he was executed at the walls of the Maiden Tower. In the course of excavations at the Maiden Tower were found the remains of an ancient temple, which is identified with the basilica, built over the place of death of the apostle.
Inside the tower
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