Long-Baseline Experiments in North America Maury Goodman ANL

Long-Baseline Experiments in North America Maury Goodman ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 Maury Goodman, ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 1

Preface: “Long-Baseline” Definition 5 Dictionary definition of long - “having considerable linear extent in space” 5 Longer than before / Off the site of the accelerator 5 Beam -- L >> length of beam pipe YES Which implies the far detector sees a point source of neutrinos 5 Physics – L >> p. E/(2. 54 Dm 322 ) ~ 1500 km NO Maury Goodman, ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 2

Preface: [Factors in North America/US] • National Planning in the US is done by a panel called HEPAP (High Energy Physics Advisory Panel) • Long-Term Planning is done every few years by subpanels • A recent innovation is to have a panel called P 5 (Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel) maintain a roadmap. • The highest priority project in a 2001 report was the ILC (Bagger-Barish Panel) • The ILC Central Design Group Reference Design Report reported an ILC cost in August 2007. The advertised cost was $6. 6 B. The estimated US project cost is $21. 9 B. [These are the same number!] • Too much ->-> Therefore new study Maury Goodman, ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 3

P 5 report May 29 08 report aka Baltay panel Maury Goodman, ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 4

Outline • • MINOS+ NOn. A LB DUSEL – Water – Liquid Argon a few results speculation & opinions Thanks to M. Sanchez, H. Gallagher, G. Feldman, M. Diwan, N. Saoulidou, M. Messier, M. Bishai, G. Rameika, R. Svoboda, Y. K. Kim, K. Lesko, B. Fleming, L. Pinella, Maury Goodman, ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 5

Plus more baselines… • To have some more facts in this talk, I’ll mention several things having to do with baseball*. * Fully realizing a large fraction of my audience doesn’t care in the least about baseball Maury Goodman, ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 6

MINOS SEE DETAILS FROM JUSTIN EVANS THIS AFTERNOON • 484 planes of 4 cm strips Maury Goodman, ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 7

12 May 2008 Total Protons (E 20) Nu. MI Beam Performance Maury Goodman, ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 8 8

MINOS - Dm 232 Energy Spectrum Events / Ge. V | m 2| =(2. 43± 0. 13) x 10 -3 e. V 2 (68% C. L. ) Best Fit: 2. 43 x 10 -3 e. V 2 sin 2(2 ) =1. 00 | m 2| = Maury Goodman, ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 9 9

MINOS Other Analyses • NC ne for q 13 • Atmospheric ns Antineutinos for Dm 232 • Alternative fits to oscillations • Time of flight • Search for Lorentz Violation • Cosmic m+/m • Cosmic shadows, seasonal variations, … Maury Goodman, ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 10

Cosmic Rays Charge Ratio • Previously m+/mflat • First rise in Charge Ratio m+/m • Relevant variable is not Em by Emcosq • Can be used to measure K+/K& p+/p • Related to Te. V associated production • Relevant for Neutrino Telescope backgrounds (n/n) Maury Goodman, ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 11

ne Sensitivity for q 13 . At CHOOZ limit expect 12 νe signal events and 42 background events with 3. 25 x 1020 protons. . Use sidebands to study predicted far detector backgrounds. Maury Goodman, ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 12

MINOS plans Þ Running on FNAL schedule through 2010 G ~10 e 20 pot Þ Þ We want to continue running ns beyond 2010 We want to run ns A “scenarios” group is devising a plan/proposal Running beyond 2010 seems obvious, but you never know. Maury Goodman, ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 13

Baseball m They play almost every day (162 -182/year) m Many fans appreciate statistics m You can understand about 70% of the game in 30 minutes m Much that remains is fairly subtle m Huge influence - metaphors on English language (MVP, double play, off base, hit it out of the park, pinch hitter, foul ball, all-star, big league, rain check, …) m Most common questions when I take a European to a baseball game (~40, 000) – Why are there no policeman? – What is light beer? Maury Goodman, ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 14

NOn. A-Where? Off-axis The Ash River site is the furthest available site from Fermilab along the Nu. MI beamline. This maximizes NOn. A’s sensitivity to the mass ordering. Maury Goodman, ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 15

NOn. A design plastic filled with scintillator 32 -cell extrusions. The planes alternate horizontal and vertical. An admirer Maury Goodman, ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 16

NOn. A A significant Issue • It takes a long time to build & fill • It is desirable to take data before it is complete Gluing & Structural Engineering challenges “The problem with plastic is that it is plastic” Maury Goodman, ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 17

Signal & Background x-z y-z Maury Goodman, ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 18

NOn. A – nonzero q 13 ? Maury Goodman, ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 19

NOn. A – mass hierarchy ? Maury Goodman, ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 20

NOn. A – CP ? Maury Goodman, ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 21

NOn. A oscillations • NOn. A was approved at Fermilab and construction funds were included in the DOE 07 -08 proposed budget ($12 M first year of $260 M) • Funds also in Congressional budgets, but retroactively zero’d in a December 07 compromise • P 5 report recommended NOn. A, but not in all funding scenarios. • A supplemental funding bill in July 08 included $9. 2 M for NOn. A • It recently passed its (second) CD 2 review – not yet signed. • Hardware & Civil projects that had been delayed are gearing back up. Maury Goodman, ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 22

Chicago Cubs • Haven’t won “World Series” since 1908 • 16 30 teams • Cubs 4 wins -0 losses on days that Italy has won the world cup • 2008 - This is the year Maury Goodman, ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 23

Eamus Catulii Anno Catulli 00 62 99 Maury Goodman, ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 24

Project X Maury Goodman, ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 25

Protons at Fermilab Project X SNu. MI ANU/NOn. A Now Maury Goodman, ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 26

Sketch of Integrated Plan (Sept. 18, 2007) [Y. K. Kim] LHC including Upgrades, Particle Astrophysics (including Dark Matter and Dark Energy) ILC R&D, EDR, Engineering, Decision, Industrialization, Construction, Running 13 SNu. MI +5 Proj. X R&D ILC cavities & Cryomodules, Overall Design +2 yrs larg sm e q 13 al lq lin ba se ILC (1. 2 MW) e NOv. A (0. 7 MW) s yr Project X tiny q 13 Precision Phase I A Large Detector at DUSEL for Neutrinos and Proton Decay Precision Phase II extremely tiny q 13 DUSEL + n Factory R&D for future energy frontier colliders Maury Goodman, ANL 4 D m cooling + … NOW 2008 September 2008 works 6 D m cooling + … works Muon collider 27

P 5 DUSEL Project X ANU Maury Goodman, ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 28

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DUSEL Maury Goodman, ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 30

Long-Baseline

3 100 kt detectors? Maury Goodman, ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 32

LB-DUSEL A significant Issue • It will take a long time to build & fill • It will be desirable to take data before it is complete One of the arguments for Modular H 2 O Maury Goodman, ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 33

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Water or Liquid Argon? Maury Goodman, ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 35

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On-Axis or Off-Axis? • On-Axis • Off-Axis More flux Less Background • Design a Flexible Beam? Maury Goodman, ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 37

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One (unofficial) notion of a LB-DUSEL schedule Maury Goodman, ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 39

DUSEL long-baseline is a vision ] The vision requires: (all cost figures MCG rumor quality) – DUSEL ($500 M+) – A new beamline at Fermilab ($250 M) – Project X ($1 B) – A new huge detector ($500 M-1 B) None of these currently exist or are “approved” ] It is not clear that this fits the funding assumptions of P 5, or that it is a community consensus. Maury Goodman, ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 40

Other ideas ù 5 kt Ar at Soudan ùUse Brookhaven’s AGS ùDetector at 2 nd maximum in Nu. MI beam ◙ Neutrino Factory/Muon Collider Maury Goodman, ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 41

NOW 2020 Intercontinental Long-Baseline JPARC-INO FNAL-INO CERN-INO ETC… Maury Goodman, ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 42

Advertisement(s) • Free monthly neutrino rumor newsletter -~100 lines, send “subscribe” to maury. goodman@anl. gov or see http: //www. hep. anl. gov/ndk/longbnews/ Join ~1600 subscribers. • Neutrino Oscillation Industry Web Page http: //www. neutrinooscillation. org/ Maury Goodman, ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 43

Conclusions • MINOS is taking data – Results at 4 e 20, Dm 232 – Expected ~ 10 e 20, q 13 • NOn. A is coming • LB-DUSEL may be next • With regard to planning, (in my humble opinion) we are overdue for an effective international context • Neutrino fans are in for exciting times • Chicago Cubs fans are looking forward to the 2008 baseball World Series Maury Goodman, ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 44

Backup Maury Goodman, ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 45

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