Logo optimisé par J. -D. Bonjour, SI-DGR 13. 4. 93 ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE New optical remote sensing instruments for water vapour monitoring developed at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne - EPFL Valentin Simeonov*, Todor Dinoev, Pablo Ristori, Marian Taslakov, Mark Parlange, Ilya Serikov and Hubert van den Bergh Swiss Federal Institute of Technology –Lausanne Switzerland Bertrand Calpini Meteo. Siss - Payerne Yuri Arshinov and Sergei Bobrovnikov IOA –Tomsk - Russia WMO TECO 4 -6 December 2006
Logo optimisé par J. -D. Bonjour, SI-DGR 13. 4. 93 Outline ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE • Lidar principle • Automated water vapor Raman lidar for operational use at Meteo. Swiss • High spatial and temporal resolution water vapor /temperature Raman lidar • Mid IR, long open-path system for trace gas, water vapor and temperature monitoring WMO TECO 4 -6 December 2006
Logo optimisé par J. -D. Bonjour, SI-DGR 13. 4. 93 Lidar principle ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE FOV Raman method for water vapor measurements R R S(R) P P( R) P 0 A WMO TECO 4 -6 December 2006
Water vapor Raman lidar for operational use in meteorology Logo optimisé par J. -D. Bonjour, SI-DGR 13. 4. 93 ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE Lidar specifications Water vapor mixing ratio Aerosol Detection limit 0. 01 g/kg Extinction & 355 nm Backscatter & 355 nm Statistical error < 10 % Height range / resolution Daytime 150 -5’ 000 m / 30 -400 m Night time 150 – 10’ 000 m / 30 -600 m Acquisition time 15 -30 min WMO TECO 4 -6 December 2006 l l Requirements Fully automated, continuous operation Long term stability High reliability > 85% technical availability Eye safety
Logo optimisé par J. -D. Bonjour, SI-DGR 13. 4. 93 General lidar design ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE Transmitter Nd: YAG laser 400 m. J & 355 nm 30 Hz rep. rate Beam expander 15 X To the polychromator WMO TECO 4 -6 December 2006
Logo optimisé par J. -D. Bonjour, SI-DGR 13. 4. 93 Eye safety ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE Laser energy 400 m. J @ 355 nm, beam diameter 140 mm (after expansion) WMO TECO 4 -6 December 2006
Logo optimisé par J. -D. Bonjour, SI-DGR 13. 4. 93 General lidar design ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE Receiver (NFOW/NB) Narrow Field of View Narrow band Matrix telescope of four Ø 30 cm mirrors 0. 2 mrad FOV To the polychromator WMO TECO 4 -6 December 2006
Spectral isolation and detection Diffraction grating polychromator • • • Long term stability Narrow band detection – 0. 3 nm pass-band (possible adjustment) Oxygen channel – aerosol correction 1012 suppression of the laser line 40% efficiency WMO TECO 4 -6 December 2006 Logo optimisé par J. -D. Bonjour, SI-DGR 13. 4. 93 ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE
Logo optimisé par J. -D. Bonjour, SI-DGR 13. 4. 93 Polychromator view Diffraction grating Parabolic mirror Photomultipliers Doublet lens Fiber holder & collimating lens WMO TECO 4 -6 December 2006 ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE
Logo optimisé par J. -D. Bonjour, SI-DGR 13. 4. 93 Lidar cabin ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE 2. 4 m 6 m WMO TECO 4 -6 December 2006 2. 4 m
Logo optimisé par J. -D. Bonjour, SI-DGR 13. 4. 93 Outside view WMO TECO 4 -6 December 2006 ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE
Logo optimisé par J. -D. Bonjour, SI-DGR 13. 4. 93 Inside view ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE Telescope Fibers Output of the Beam Expander Fibers Telescope Polychromator Mirrors Laser WMO TECO 4 -6 December 2006
Data treatment module • Raw data correction • H 2 O retrieval with a predefined error (space resolution variable) • Data storage Input parameters • Averaging time • Accuracy • Vertical resolution limits • Calibration coefficient WMO TECO 4 -6 December 2006 Logo optimisé par J. -D. Bonjour, SI-DGR 13. 4. 93 ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE
Logo optimisé par J. -D. Bonjour, SI-DGR 13. 4. 93 Data treatment module WMO TECO 4 -6 December 2006 ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE
Logo optimisé par J. -D. Bonjour, SI-DGR 13. 4. 93 Last data WMO TECO 4 -6 December 2006 ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE
Logo optimisé par J. -D. Bonjour, SI-DGR 13. 4. 93 Future steps ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE Experimental operation in Lausanne till May 2007 Calibration - with tethered balloon (Snow White) - with GPS data - absolute calibration tests Reliability tests Verification with balloon measurements in Payerne Start of operation at Meteo. Swiss -July 2008 WMO TECO 4 -6 December 2006
High spatial and temporal resolution Raman lidar for water vapor and temperature measurements Logo optimisé par J. -D. Bonjour, SI-DGR 13. 4. 93 ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE Goal: Study of turbulent boundary layer intercomparison with LES model Lidar specifications Fixed spatial resolution of 1. 5 m Temporal resolution 1 s Operational range 10 -500 m Water vapor and temperature statistical error < 10 % Scanning capability WMO TECO 4 -6 December 2006
Logo optimisé par J. -D. Bonjour, SI-DGR 13. 4. 93 ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE WMO TECO 4 -6 December 2006
Logo optimisé par J. -D. Bonjour, SI-DGR 13. 4. 93 Lidar setup Ø 0. 3 m Ø 0. 2 m Ø 0. 1 m WMO TECO 4 -6 December 2006 ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE
Logo optimisé par J. -D. Bonjour, SI-DGR 13. 4. 93 Polychromators design WMO TECO 4 -6 December 2006 ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE
Logo optimisé par J. -D. Bonjour, SI-DGR 13. 4. 93 Lidar view ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE Telescope Temperature polychromator Water vapor polychromator Laser WMO TECO 4 -6 December 2006 Acquisition system
Logo optimisé par J. -D. Bonjour, SI-DGR 13. 4. 93 Test results WMO TECO 4 -6 December 2006 ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE
Vertical time-series WMO TECO 4 -6 December 2006 Logo optimisé par J. -D. Bonjour, SI-DGR 13. 4. 93 ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE
Open-path mid IR technique Logo optimisé par J. -D. Bonjour, SI-DGR 13. 4. 93 ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE • Most polyatomic molecules have specific mid IR spectroscopic features (GHG) • High sensitivity • Haze immunity • Virtually immune to interference by other species • Concentration measurements are averaged over an extended path, i. e. much less affected by local unrepresentative fluctuations in gas concentration than point sensors data is better suited for numerical models • Measurements can be made in regions of difficult access, especially above ground level • No material contact between gas and sensor i. e. no degradation of the gas being measured or "poisoning" of the sensor WMO TECO 4 -6 December 2006
Logo optimisé par J. -D. Bonjour, SI-DGR 13. 4. 93 Mid IR open-path principle ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE Intrapulse tuning: WMO TECO 4 -6 December 2006
Species and atmospheric parameters measurable within a single wavelength scan Logo optimisé par J. -D. Bonjour, SI-DGR 13. 4. 93 ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE NH 3, CH 4 , N 2 O and ethanol also detected in lab conditions WMO TECO 4 -6 December 2006
Logo optimisé par J. -D. Bonjour, SI-DGR 13. 4. 93 Ozone detection ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE Comparison between QCL and standard ozone analyzers measurements at 220 m path-length WMO TECO 4 -6 December 2006 .
Logo optimisé par J. -D. Bonjour, SI-DGR 13. 4. 93 Temperature measurements using mid IR lines of H 2 O WMO TECO 4 -6 December 2006 ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE
Space-resolved open-path measurements Transmitter receiver Beam path WMO TECO 4 -6 December 2006 Retroreflectors Logo optimisé par J. -D. Bonjour, SI-DGR 13. 4. 93 ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE
Logo optimisé par J. -D. Bonjour, SI-DGR 13. 4. 93 Conclusion ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE Automated water vapor lidar for meteorological applications was developed. Experimental operation ongoing, final installation in Payerne foreseen for mid 2008 l Water vapor and temperature Raman lidar with high spatial and temporal resolution was built l First non cryogenic mid IR system for open path monitoring of trace gases water vapor and temperature has been developed. Planned tests for GHG detection, humidity and T° intercomparison with conventional techniques l WMO TECO 4 -6 December 2006
Logo optimisé par J. -D. Bonjour, SI-DGR 13. 4. 93 ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE Thank you WMO TECO 4 -6 December 2006
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