Locator ID Separation Protocol Overview Roque Gagliano SWINOG

Locator/ID Separation Protocol Overview Roque Gagliano SWINOG – November 2011 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 1

§ LISP Overview § LISP Core Use Cases § LISP Developments § LISP Summary § LISP References © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 2

IP addressing overloads location and identity – leading to Internet scaling issues § Why current IP semantics cause scaling issues? − Overloaded IP address semantic makes efficient routing impossible − Today, “addressing follows topology, ” which limits route aggregation compactness − IPv 6 does not fix this § Why are route scaling issues bad? − Routers require expensive memory to hold Internet Routing Table in forwarding plane − It’s expensive for network builders/operators − Replacing equipment for the wrong reason (to hold the routing table); replacement should be to implement new features © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. “… routing scalability is the most important problem facing the Internet today and must be solved … ” Internet Architecture Board (IAB) October 2006 Workshop (written as RFC 4984) 3

DFZ Today’s Internet Behavior Locator/ID “overload” Internet Map System LISP Mapping System DFZ LISP Behavior Locator/ID “split” Internet © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. In this model, everything goes in the “Default Free Zone” (DFZ) In this model, only RLOCs go in the DFZ; EIDs go in the LISP Mapping System! 4

LISP creates a Level of indirection with two namespaces: EID and RLOC EID § EID (Endpoint Identifier) is the IP address of a host – just as it is today § RLOC (Routing Locator) is the IP address of the LISP router for the host MS/MR RLOC a. a. a. 0/24 b. b. b. 0/24 c. c. c. 0/24 d. d. 0. 0/16 w. x. y. 1 x. y. w. 2 z. q. r. 5 EID Space EID Non-LISP § EID-to-RLOC mapping is the distributed architecture that maps EIDs to RLOCs RLOC a. a. a. 0/24 b. b. b. 0/24 c. c. c. 0/24 d. d. 0. 0/16 x. TR w. x. y. 1 x. y. w. 2 z. q. r. 5 EID-to. RLOC mapping Px. TR § Network-based solution § Incrementally deployable § No host changes x. TR EID Space § Support for mobility § Minimal configuration RLOC Space § Address Family agnostic © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 5

IP encapsulation scheme § Decouples host IDENTITY and LOCATION § Dynamic IDENTITY-to-LOCATION mapping resolution v 4 EID v 4 RLOC v 4 EID § Address Family agnostic day-one v 4 EID v 6 RLOC v 4 EID v 6 EID v 4 RLOC v 6 EID v 6 RLOC v 6 EID Minimal Deployment Impact § No changes to end systems or core § Minimal changes to edge devices Incrementally deployable § LISP/LISP and non-LISP/LISP considered day-one © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 6

LISP Map Lookup is analogous to a DNS lookup § DNS resolves IP addresses for URLs [ who is lisp. cisco. com] ? host DNS Server DNS URL Resolution [153. 16. 5. 29, 2610: D 0: 110 C: 1: : 3 ] § LISP resolves locators for queried identities [ where is 2610: D 0: 110 C: 1: : 3] ? LISP router © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. [ location is 128. 107. 81. 169 ] LISP Mapping System LISP Identity-to-location Map Resolution 7

IPv 4 Outer Header: Router supplies RLOCs UDP: LISP Header: IPv 4 Inner Header: Host supplies EIDs © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 8

LISP S x. y. z. 1 LISP router © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. LISP a. b. c. 1 r. s. t. 7 Internet LISP router D e. f. g. 9 9

• Messages: - Map-Request: An ITR requesting RLOC for an EID - Map-Reply: Response to a Map-Request - Map-Register: An ETR registration of EID/RLOCs to Map-Server - Map-Notify: Confirmation from Map-Server to ETR that registration was successful. • Advance Features (no time to go into details): - Traffic engineering using Priority and Weight - LISP Multicast - Dynamic RLOC configuration - RLOC Reach-ability Algorithms - Negative-Map-Replies - Solicited-Map-Request © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 10

Cisco-operated § ~ 4 years operational § > 130+ sites, 25 countries Nine implementations Deployed today… § § § Cisco: IOS, IOS-XE, NX-OS Free. BSD: Open. LISP Linux/Open. Wrt Android (Gingerbread) Two other router vendor http: //www. lisp 4. net http: //lisp. cisco. com http: //www. lisp. intouch. eu/ http: //www. lisp 6. facebook. com http: /lisp. isarnet. net/ http: //www 6. eudora. com http: //myvpn 6. qualcomm. com and more… © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 11

1. Efficient Multi-Homing 2. IPv 6 Transition Support 3. Efficient Virtualization/Multi-Tenancy 4. Data Center/VM Mobility 5. LISP Mobile-Node © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 12

Needs: § Site connectivity to multiple providers § Low Op. Ex/Cap. Ex LISP Solution: § LISP provides a streamlined solution for handling multi-provider connectivity and policy without BGP complexity Benefits: § Op. Ex-friendly multi-homing across different providers Internet LISP Site LISP routers Applicability: § Branch sites where multihoming is typically too expensive § Useful in all other LISP Use Cases § Simple Policy Management § Ingress Traffic Engineering § Egress Traffic Engineering © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 13

Needs: § Rapid IPv 6 Deployment § Minimal Infrastructure disruption Connecting IPv 6 Islands IPv 4 Enterprise Core v 6 island IPv 6 interconnected over IPv 4 core IPv 4 interconnected over IPv 6 core § Minimal added configurations x. TR © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. IPv 4 Enterprise Core v 4 v 6 Px. TR v 6 service v 6 v 4 v 6 IPv 4 Core IPv 6 Internet IPv 4 Internet x. TR v 6 IPv 6 Access Support v 4 v 6 § No core network changes § Can be used as a transitional or permanent solution x. TR v 6 island IPv 6 Services Support Benefits: § Accelerated IPv 6 adoption IPv 4 Internet v 6 LISP Solution: § LISP encapsulation is Address Family agnostic v 6 site IPv 6 Internet x. TR v 6 home Network Px. TR IPv 4 access & Internet v 6 . . Px. TR v 6 home Network 14

Needs: Legacy Site § Integrated Segmentation § Minimal Infrastructure disruption Legacy Site LISP Site Px. TR § Global scale and interoperability LISP Solution: Legacy Site IP Network Mapping DB § 24 -bit LISP instance-ID segments control plane and data plane mappings § VRF mappings to instance-id Benefits: § Very high scale tenant segmentation § Global mobility + high scale segmentation integrated in single IP solution West DC East DC Applicability: § Multi-provider Core § Encryption can be added § IP based solution, transport independent § No Inter-AS complexity § Overlay solution transparent to the core © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 15

Needs: § VM-Mobility across subnets § Move detection, dynamic EID-to. RLOC mappings, traffic redirection Data Center 1 LISP routers VM move LISP Solution: VM § OTV + LISP to extend subnets Data Center 2 Internet a. b. c. 1 VM a. b. c. 1 § LISP for VM-moves across subnets Benefits: Applicability: § Integrated Mobility § VM OS agnostic § Direct Path (no triangulation) § Services Creation (disaster recovery, cloud burst, etc. ) § Connections maintained across moves § No routing re-convergence § No DNS updates required § Global Scalability (cloud bursting) § IPv 4/IPv 6 Support § ARP elimination © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 16

Needs: § Mobile devices roaming across any access media without connection reset § Mobile device keeps the same IP address forever Any 3 G/4 G Network Dynamic RLOC Any Wi. Fi Network Dynamic RLOC LISP Solution: § LISP level or indirection separates endpoints and locators § Network-based; no host changes, minimal network changes § Scalable, host-level registration (1010) Benefits: dino. cisco. com Static EID: 2610: 00 d 0: xxxx: : 1/128 Applicability: § IPv 4 and IPv 6 § MNs can roam and stay connected § Android and Linux § MNs can be servers § Open § MNs roam without DNS changes § MNs use multiple interfaces § Packets have “stretch-1” reducing latency © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 17

LISP IETF Standardization IETF LISP WG: http: //tools. ietf. org/wg/lisp/ § IETF LISP Working Group progressing standards − now in “last call” LISP Beta Network: http: //lisp 4. net & http: //lisp 6. net LISP Implementations at Cisco LISP Code: http: //lisp. cisco. com § IOS since Dec ‘ 09… ISR, ISRG 2, 7200 § IOS-XE since Mar ‘ 10…. ASR 1 K § NX-OS since Dec 09… N 7 K, UCS C 200 § Coming… Cat 6 K, IOS XR for CRS-3, ASR 9 K, and others… Other LISP Implementations § Open. Wrt (Cisco posting shortly…) § Free. BSD/Open. LISP (several open source implementations) § Android for LISP-MN LISPMob: http: //lispmob. org § Furukawa Network Solution Corporation © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 18

Enables IP Number Portability § With session survivability § Never change host IP addresses No renumbering costs § No DNS “name -> EID” binding change Uses pull vs. push routing § OSPF and BGP are push models; routing stored in the forwarding plane § LISP is a pull model; Analogous to DNS; massively scalable An over-the-top technology § Address Family agnostic § Incrementally deployable § No changes in end systems Creates a Level of Indirection § Separates End-Host and Site addresses Deployment simplicity § No host changes § Minimal CPE changes § Some new core infrastructure components Enables other interesting features § Simplified multi-homing with Ingress traffic engineering – without the need for BGP § End-host mobility without renumbering § Address Family agnostic support An Open Standard § No Cisco Intellectual Property Rights © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 19

LISP Information • IETF LISP WG http: //tools. ietf. org/wg/lisp/ • LISP Beta Network http: //www. lisp 4. net http: //www. lisp 6. net • LISP Mobile Node: http: //lispmob. org • Cisco LISP Site http: //lisp. cisco. com • Cisco LISP Marketing (EXTERNAL) http: //www. cisco. com/go/lisp Mailing Lists • IETF LISP WG lisp@ietf. org • LISP Interest lisp-interest@puck. nether. net • Cisco LISP Questions © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. lisp-support@cisco. com 20

World IPv 6 Day Sites using LISP Applicability: § Low Cap. Ex, Quick, IPv 6 Web Presence § Useful in all other LISP Use Cases (Multi-homing, VM-mobility, Virtualization…) Cisco lisp. cisco. com (AAAA: 2610: d 0: 110 c: 1: : 3, : : 4) Facebook www. lisp 6. facebook. com (AAAA: 2610: D 0: FACE: : 9) Qualcomm www. ipv 6. eudora. com (AAAA: 2610: d 0: 120 d: : 10) Deutsche Bank www. ipv 6 -db. com (AAAA: 2610: d 0: 2113: 3: : 3) Isarnet lisp. isarnet. net (AAAA: 2610: d 0: 211 f: fffe: : 101) In. Touch www. lisp. intouch. eu (AAAA: 2610: d 0: 210 f: 100: : 101) World IPv 6 Day Sites Statistics (and current) http: //honeysuckle. noc. ucla. edu/cgi-bin/smokeping. cgi? target=LISP Facebook IPv 6 Experience with LISP http: //nanog. org/meetings/nanog 50/presentations/Tuesday/NANOG 50. Ta lk 9. lee_nanog 50_atlanta_oct 2010_007_publish. pdf © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 22