Locarto: Mobile Mapping to Promote Economic Development and Healthy Food William B Jordan, MD MPH & Sean C Lucan, MD MPH MS Montefiore Medical Center & Albert Einstein College of Medicine APHA 2010, November 9, Denver introduction methods Locarto recognizes vendor location updates based on their cell phone number, and broadcasts a business name with their location and the date of the most recent update. Before vendors can use this free tool, they must first register their cell phone number and a business name on the website. This pilot program promoted vendor registration on Locarto through 5 outreach workers deployed in the Bronx (2), East Harlem (2), and Brooklyn (1) over the period June 14 -October 22, 2010. Outreach workers canvassed the entire geographic area by following every public bus route and stopping to approach each vendor, making 192 visits to 110 unique carts. Outreach workers carried portable computers with wireless internet access to demonstrate Locarto, answer questions, and register vendors. Flyers and postcards in English and Spanish were distributed. A log of outreach worker activities captured environmental, outreach worker and vendor characteristics using a simple online survey completed by the outreach worker after each encounter. Most data were collected as nominal variables, but the last question offered qualitative data on barriers to outreach. Descriptive statistics and tests of statistical significance were generated with SPSS 19. The free text question about barriers was analyzed thematically using qualitative methods. Outreach workers also tracked the number of vendors appearing on the map each week and updating their location during the period June 17 -August 4, 2010. results conclusions Locarto is a new tool for promoting the success of NYC Green Carts. Initial efforts to enroll vendors suggest that substantial barriers remain, including language (particularly Bengali) and employee vendors feeling disempowered to make decisions. Some of these difficulties were surmounted by follow-up visits, with over 40% of vendors enrolled, with no differences by borough. Limitations Due to time constraints and IRB restrictions, vendors were not surveyed directly and information about barriers derived from outreach worker report, so the barriers reported may be misleading. In addition, most vendors were not observed sending a text message, and only 3 out of 29 updated their location, so vendor unfamiliarity with this technology may pose a significant barrier. It is also unknown how frequently vendors change cell phone numbers, which would disconnect them from the service. Although we attempted to ascertain whether environmental factors such as rain or day of the week impacted success, the numbers were too small for analysis. In addition, the number of vendors on the street at any one time is not known, so it is difficult to determine what proportion of vendors we successfully reached (51 and 39 of a maximum of 350 permits each in the Bronx and Brooklyn, respectively). We covered only public bus routes, so vendors on side streets may have been missed. Vendors are also not consistently working in the same place every day of the week, so they may have been missed by chance. Future Directions We need a Bengali-speaking outreach worker. We will need to rigorously evaluate vendor ability to send text messages, and likely develop low-literacy educational cartoons to help vendors remember the process. Vendors receive weekly text message reminders but rarely update their location, suggesting that follow-up outreach is needed until vendors develop the habit. Assuming that vendors begin using the tool regularly, a marketing campaign to consumers will follow. acknowledgements Locarto was made possible by a grant to Esperanza del Barrio from the Google. org Fund of the Tides Foundation. Ongoing program support is provided by a grant to the Street Vendor Project of the Urban Justice Center by the Laurie M. Tisch Illumination Fund. The Bronx Careers in Health and Mentoring Program of Lehman College and the Bronx Center to Reduce and Eliminate Ethnic and Racial Health Disparities (Albert Einstein College of Medicine) provided intern funding support through a grant from the CDC and Association of Schools of Public Health. We are grateful to our colleague, Renee Shanker, and the outreach team, Gillian Saunders, Sushant Bhalla, Hannah Kegley, Juliana Berenyi, and Peter De Vries, for their work on this project. Finally, we are deeply indebted to the vendors, who are making healthy food available to the community.
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