LOCALIZING THE MDGS USING CBMS Celia M Reyes

LOCALIZING THE MDGS USING CBMS Celia M. Reyes CBMS Network ICMDGS Makati, Philippines October 19 -21, 2011

OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION I. Localizing the MDGs Using CBMS II. CBMS: Rationale and Key Features III. Provincial MDG Reports IV. Concluding Remarks

MEETING THE MDGS REQUIRES…. A national strong advocacy and sustained action to operationalize the goals and targets at the local level Vigorous and continuous efforts to raise the level of awareness of leaders and other major stakeholders Promoting policy and pragmatic interventions to realize the goals and targets Building on gains and opportunities offered by existing collaboration and evolving partnerships among key stakeholders

MDGS: ISSUES & CHALLENGES (1) The MDGs have accelerated demand for data and highlighted limitations in their availability and quality. A number of countries do not have enough data to track changes in poverty and child malnutrition, and in most countries serious data quality issues exist in measuring maternal mortality and access to water and sanitation.

MDGS: ISSUES &CHALLENGES (2) Resource and capacity constraints hamper local government units’ efforts to address the MDGs: q q q Lack of data at the local level to track MDGs Little local awareness of MDGs framework Limited capacity to integrate MDGs into local planning process Limited capacity to cost and allocate local budgets to reach MDGs Limited capacity to monitor the MDGs To fast track the achievement of the goals, there is a need to localize the MDGs

WHY “LOCALIZE THE MDGS”? The global MDGs provide a development framework in terms of measurable targets Localizing the MDGs helps in making local development strategies more focused and more strategic

WHAT DOES “LOCALIZING THE MDGS” MEAN? Having a local development plan that incorporates MDG targets and corresponding budget allocation for MDG-responsive PPAs Adopting local policies that facilitate the achievement of the MDGs Establishing a local monitoring system to benchmark LGU contribution in the attainme of MDG targets and to track down accomplishments vis-à-vis targets Improving delivery of basic services to ensure achievement of the MDGs inclusion of accomplishment of MDG targets a one of the performance commitments of the LGUs

WHY LOCALIZE THE MDGS? It is an important way to align MDGs with national long-term planning MDG should not be a national initiative alone Local governments are required to provide basic services – education, health, etc. – spectrum that covers many of the MDGs MDG targets can be used as guide for assessing local situation and establish clear social and human development priorities at the local level

WHY USE CBMS TO LOCALIZE THE MDGS þ A number of indicators being monitored in the CBMS are included in the indicators for monitoring progress towards the MDGs þ CBMS is intended to be done on a regular basis and can therefore be used for updating MDG indicators and facilitating preparation of regular MDG reports þ The CBMS can also be used as basis by national and local governments for costing and identifying appropriate interventions needed to achieve the MDGs as well as for resource allocation þ Given the large spatial disparities, the CBMS can help identify where focus has to be given to achieve the targets

UN ESCAP Asia Pacific Regional MDG Road Map The CBMS’ role in localizing the MDGs was recognized during an Experts Group Meeting on Localizing the MDGs held on November 28, 2006 at the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UN ESCAP) in Bangkok, Thailand The Committee on Poverty Reduction composed of 24 nations states urged other developing countries to initiate and implement similar innovative systems that would help localize the MDGs. In 2008, the UN ESCAP also included the “Localizing the MDGs through CBMS” initiative of the CBMS Network in the list of specific initiatives to be implemented under the regional Millennium Development Goals (MDG) road map.

ENABLING LOCAL POLICIES DILG MC 2004 -152 “Guide to LGU in the Localization of the MDGs dated Nov. 10, 2004 which suggests diagnosis of local situation using local indicator monitoring system (such as CBMS) to monitor and diagnose the nature and extent of poverty at their level. use the 13+1 core indicators in order to determine appropriate interventions and focus targeting. DILG MC 2003 -92 “ Policy Guidelines for the Adoption of the Core Local Poverty Indicators (CLPIs) in Planning” The guidelines were meant to aid the LGUs in assessing and understanding poverty situation and formulation of poverty reduction action plans

CBMS IN THE PHILIPPINES CBMS is implemented by local government units (LGUs) and intended to complement the national monitoring system. CBMS methodology and instruments were developed over the years by the CBMS-Philippines Research Team with support from the International Development Research Centre (IDRC)-Canada. To date, CBMS is being adopted by local government units in 65 provinces (33 of which are province-wide), 764 municipalities and 49 cities covering at least 20, 382 barangays in collaboration with the National Anti-Poverty Commission (NAPC), the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG), and selected non-government organizations.

RATIONALE FOR CBMS WORK Lack of necessary disaggregated data for: ü Diagnosing extent of poverty at the local level ü Determining the causes of poverty ü Formulating appropriate policies and program ü Identifying eligible beneficiaries ü Assessing impact of policies and programs Need for support mechanisms for the implementation of the decentralization policy

CENTRAL ISSUES IN POVERTY REDUCTION 1. The who, the where and the why of poverty: identification and targeting of the poor to enhance the effectiveness of anti-poverty initiatives and programs 2. The what and when of anti-poverty programs: identification of interventions/ investments that have the highest impact on poverty

THE WHO, THE WHERE AND THE WHY OF POVERTY: SOME DATA ISSUES 1. Official statistics are reliable down to the regional and provincial levels only (i. e. the sampling design o many of these surveys provide estimates of the variables only at the regional or at best, provincial level. ) 2. The collection of data is few and far in between, an processing adds a few more years so that its usefulness for policy design diminishes. 3. And yet, local government units, under the law, are the front-liners in the fight against poverty and are mandated to assume the primary responsibility fo the provision of basic services and facilities and the improvement of the quality of life of their

Available Implementing Frequency of Sources of Data Agency Collection Data Obtained Family Income and Expenditures Survey (FIES) NSO Every 3 years Family income and living expenditures and related information affecting income and expenditure levels and patterns in the Philippines including poverty incidence Annual Poverty Indicator Survey (APIS) NSO Every year wherein FIES is not conducted Socioeconomic profiles of families and other information relating to their living conditions but not poverty incidence National Nutritional Survey (NNS) FNRI Every 5 years Food situation and nutritional status of the population

Available Sources of Data Implementing Frequency of Agency Collection Data Obtained Census of Population and Housing (CPH) NSO Every 10 years Size, composition and distribution of population in the Philippines Functional Literacy, Education and Mass Media Survey (FLEMMS) NSO Irregular Number of functionally literate population and their socioeconomic characteristics National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) NSO Every 5 years Demographic, maternal and child health issues in the Philippines Labor Force Survey (LFS) NSO Every quarter of the year Levels and trends of employment, unemployment and underemployment

Decentralization creates new information demands that may be best satisfied with CBMS Administrative Structure Information Availability CBMS can fill the gap National Provincial National surveys Municipal/City CBMS Village/Barangay

CBMS DESIGN ü It is designed as an organized process of data collection, processing, validation, and integration of data in the local development processes ü A tool intended for improved governance and greater transparency and accountability in resource allocation ü CBMS generates a core set of indicators that are being measured to determine the welfare status of the population. These indicators capture the multidimensional aspects of poverty. CBMS captures simultaneous deprivations for the same household at the same time. ü It uses freeware customized for CBMS-data encoding, processing and poverty mapping

KEY FEATURES OF CBMS Involves a census of all households in a community LGU-based while promoting community participation Taps existing LGU-personnel/community members as monitors Has a core set of indicators but system is flexible enough to accommodate additional indicators Establishes database at each geopolitical level

CBMS Core Indicators CBMS Indicators Dimensions of Poverty Core Indicators Survival • Health • Food & Nutrition • H 20 & Sanitation 1. Child deaths (0 -5 yrs. old) 2. Women deaths due to pregnancy -related causes 3. Malnourished children (0 -5 yrs. old) 4. HHs w/o access to safe water 5. HHs w/o access sanitary toilet Security • Shelter • Peace & Order 6. HHs who are squatters 7. HHs living in makeshift housing 8. HHs victimized by crimes • Income • Employment • Education 9. HHs w/income below poverty threshold 10. HHs w/income below food threshold 11. HHs who experienced food shortage 12. Unemployment 13. Elementary school participation 14. High school participation Enabling

CBMS PROCESS Step 1 Advocacy / Organization Step 2 Data Collection and Field Editing (Training Module 1) Step 8 Plan Formulation (Training Module 4) Data Encoding and Map Digitizing (Training Module 2) Step 4 Dissemination/ Implementation and Monitoring Step 7 Step 3 Processing and Poverty Mapping (Training Module 3) Step 6 Knowledge (Database) Management Step 5 Data validation and Community Consultation

Sample CBMS Outputs

Households with children 12 -15 years who are not in secondary school, Barangay 179, Pasay City Pe ter reet er St drew Stre Sain et t Joh n Str eet t Pet n es S treet et tre e. S Jud int sio t Jam Str tte ade ern nt B Sai eet ten Str k Sain Str Ex Sain tre e. S Ca the rin Sa int ita is ree t An . R nc Sa Sta Fra eet et sa re he t. T in Sa int n. C St re ille ec t. C in Sa Sa int aba et St re et Sa ric Sain Ma 123 out of 326 children 12 -15 years old are not attending secondary school

Proportion of children aged 0 -5 years old who are malnourished, by municipality Province of Marinduque, 2005

Proportion of children aged 0 -5 years old who are malnourished, by barangay Province of Marinduque, 2005

Proportion of children aged 0 -5 years old who are malnourished, by purok and location of households Municipality of Torrijos, Marinduque, 2005

CURRENT USES AND APPLICATIONS OF CBMS Local development planning and budgeting Monitoring the achievement of the millennium development goals (MDGs) Poverty diagnosis, design and targeting of interventions Program impact monitoring Monitoring the impacts of policy shocks

MDG Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty CBMS Core Indicator üProportion of households with income less than the poverty threshold üProportion of households with income below the food threshold üProportion of 0 -5 year old children who are moderately and severely underweight üProportion of households who eat less than 3 full meals a day üProportion of persons who are unemployed

MDG Goal 2: Achieve Universal primary Education Core Indicator üProportion of 6 -11 year old children who are not in elementary school üProportion of 12 -15 year old children who are not in secondary school üProportion of 6 -16 year old children who are not attending school Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality üRatio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education üRatio of literate women to men Goal 4: Reduce Child mortality üProportion of children under 5 years old who died

MDG Core Indicator Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health üProportion of women who died due to pregnancy-related causes Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases üIncidence of malaria üIncidence and deaths associated with tuberculosis üProportion of households without access to safe water üProportion of households without access to sanitary toilet facilities Goal 7. Ensure environmental sustainability üProportion of households who are informal settlers üProportion of households with makeshift housing

MDG Goal 8. Global partnerships for development Core Indicator üTelephone lines per 100 populations üCellular subscribers per 100 population üInternet connections per 100 households üAccess to affordable medicines through Botika ng Barangay ( village level)

Preparation of Provincial MDG Reports Initiative • Involved 10 provinces that have implemented CBMS • UNDP Philippines, through NEDA, provided support • CBMS Philippines Team provided technical assistance to the provinces

WHY PROVINCIAL MDG REPORTS? Aside from giving local meaning to the global MDGs, Provincial MDG Reports can build support and momentum for the MDGs from the bottom up. In particular, they can: þ Increase ownership of the MDGs at the local level; þ Identify the many faces of poverty; þ Adapt the MDGs to local needs and priorities; þ Reorient local planning towards the MDGs; þ Link local development plans to the national poverty reduction strategy; þ Strengthen LGU capacity; and þ Focus donor attention on local needs and raise funds.

With less than five years to go before 2015 when the eight anti-poverty goals should have been achieved, CBMS-based reports on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) of nine provinces in the Philippines released last year highlighted disparities between their status and the 2015 national targets.

Meeting the MDGs Using CBMS Camarines Norte CBMS results in the province were used for the following: 1. Preparation of barangay profile and assessment of the Situation of Women and Children in the 19 disparity barangays under the Country Programme for Children (CPC). Output of which is a 3 -year Barangay Development Plan containing programs and projects which are MDG related. 2. Preparation of project proposals that were submitted for funding. Most of these are MDG related such as the provision of facilities on water and sanitation which were positively responded with a total amount of P 2. 2 M.

Meeting the MDGs Using CBMS Camarines Norte CBMS results in the province were used for the following: 3. Selection of beneficiaries of the Focus - Food Production Assistance for Vulnerable Sectors (FPVAS) funded by the European Commission (EC) with counterpart fund from the Seameo Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA) and the provincial government. The project aims to reduce poverty, improve well being of the farmers and ensure access to safe food, particularly the vulnerable sectors; 4. Selection of waterless municipalities submitted to DILG Central Office. Two municipalities (Basud and Capalonga) are now recipient of the MDGF 1919 program.

Meeting the MDG Targets on Health Eastern Samar & Marinduque PRIORITY PROGRAMS Improving access to Facility-Based Deliveries: Basic Essential Obstetrics and Neonatal Care (BEONC) Improving access to Basic Emergency Obstetrics and Newborn Care (BEm. ONC) and Comprehensive Emergency Obstetrics and Newborn Care (CEm. ONC) Improving access of geographically isolated and disadvantaged areas (GIDAs) to hospitals.

DISTRICT HOSPITAL (Proposed CEm. OC); w/ BEm. OC functions CEm. OC JIPAPAD ARTECHE SAN POLICARPO ORAS-ARTECHE ORAS DOLORES MASLOG CAN-AVID TAFT RHU BEm. OC SULAT HOSP BEm. OC SAN JULIAN RHU BORONGAN MAYDOLONG BALANGKAYAN LLORENTE HERNANI ILHZ LAWAAN GUIUAN AP IN AN D ON OS ORL BALANGIGA QU BALANGIGA GIP Borongan Balangiga Guiuan Taft Oras-Arteche GEN MACARTHUR SALCEDO MERCEDES Mercedes GUIUAN MANICANI SULUAN HOMONHON

Travel Time from RHU to its Referral Hospital TRAVEL TIME: Lucena City Less than 30 min to 1 hr More than 1 hr LEGEND: Municipal Hospital District Hospital Provincial Hospital GIDA 3 GIDA 1 GIDA 2 RHU Level III Sentrong Sigla I GIDA 1 Brgys: GIDA 3 brgy Tumagabok, Talawan Tambunan, Sabong GIDA 2 Brgys: Canat, Boi, Bayuti

Meeting the MDGs Agusan del Sur Programs/Policies Assistance Support to Employment Generation Program Research Youth for Marginalized Rice Farmers & Dev’t Studies on Livelihood & Entrepreneurship Development & Livelihood Program 2010 2011 2 M 2 M 2. 2 M 0. 275 M 0. 550 M 0. 55 M Integrated Social Dev’t Assistance Program/ Medical Assistance 3. 25 M Roads and Bridges and other Infra Projects 112. 89 M 1. 089 B KALAHI - CIDDS 1. 5 M 3. 5 M 1. 7 M Co-Management Project – Full productivity of production forest (19, 039 has. ) affecting 31, 407 population with 29% IPs.

Meeting the MDGs Agusan del Sur Tubig Imnonon Natong Agusanon (TINA) • Distributed 891 units and installed (14 municipalities) CBMS ID System • Launched to 10 out 14 municipalities (on-going)

Meeting the MDGs Agusan del Sur Provincial Scholarship Program • scholarships to poor and deserving college students Environmental Protection Program Php 21, 950, 000. 00

Meeting the MDGs Agusan del Sur PHILHEALTH Sponsored Program • 58, 300 indigent households were enrolled • Php 8, 400, 000. 00 Provincial counterpart

CONCLUDING REMARKS There is a strong correspondence between CBMS indicators and MDG indicators. CBMS gathers data on the different dimensions of poverty for the same household at the same time. CBMS can be the tool for localizing the MDGS by providing the monitoring system to regularly monitor accomplishments towards the MDGs at the local level CBMS facilitates the preparation of MDGresponsive development plans and budgets CBMS as a tool for localizing the MDGs is also being implemented in other CBMS sites in Indonesia, Kenya, Cambodia, etc.

Coverage of CBMS implementation in the Philippines as of September 1, 2011 CBMS Network Coordinating Team 20, 382 barangays in 764 and Angelo King Institute for Economic municipalities and 49 cities in 65 provinces (33 of which are provincewide) Business Studies Rm I-1016, 10 th Floor, Angelo King International Center, Estrada corner Arellano Streets, Malate, Manila Telefax (632) 5262067 Email at: celia. reyes@benilde. edu. ph; Website: www. pep-net. org Forum: www. cbmsphilippines. webs. com Thank you!