Lines and Trunks Ch 7 PBX Ch 9

Lines and Trunks (Ch. 7) PBX (Ch. 9) Key Telephone Systems (Ch. 10) ENGR 475 – Telecommunications Harding University Jonathan White

Lines • End Point – End in terminals (telephones, modems, faxes) – New term: FX 0 – Foreign Exchange Office • Connection to analog POTS – 2 wire, typically analog – Called DS-0 – 64 Kbps – Nothing special

Trunks • Connection between points – Carry many lines – Connects 2 intelligent switching systems • PBX/Centrex/CO – Digital – Multiplexed – Expensive

DID • Direct Inward Dialing – Everyone has their own unique telephone number at a business – However, you don’t have enough incoming/outgoing lines to support all users at once. • Handled by the PBX (routing) • You don’t have to go through an operator.

DOD • Direct Outward Dialing • Again, you don’t have to go through an operator. • Handled by the PBX

WATS • Wide Area telephone service • Same thing as 800/888/877/866 service • A way to reduce long distance costs

PBX - Review • Private Branch Exchange – Owned by an individual company – Performs call routing and switching – Allows the business to save money because not as many connections to the PSTN are provided. – Keeps calls between employees internal to the network. • How many lines would a call between employees normally use?

PBX - Review • How does the individual telephone numbers within a PBX system work? – Takes the cooperation of the Telco and the organization. • Some trunks can be dedicated strictly to Direct Inward Dialing. • Page 179 graphic

PBX Functions • • • DID / DOD Auto Attendant Call transfer Speed Dialing Voice mail Follow-me Call forwarding on absence Call forwarding on busy Music on hold Automatic ring back

PBX Functions • • • Night service Automatic call distributor Call waiting Call pick-up Call park Conference call Call accounting Voice paging (PA system) Custom greetings Shared message boxes

PBX Cost • http: //cgi. ebay. com/NEW-SOHO-PBX-PABX-AUTOMATED-PHONEEXCHANGE-4 -x 16_W 0 QQitem. Z 230023614851 QQih. Z 013 QQcategory. Z 11908 QQrd. Z 1 QQcmd ZView. Item • • • Can be found cheaply Others can be very expensive Installation and maintenance can be expensive

Asterisk • Open source implementation of a PBX • Runs on Windows/Linux/UNIX and performs all the features of a proprietary PBX: – DID/DOD, voice mail, conference calling, interactive voice response (phone menus), and automatic call distribution. • Runs on a standard desktop computer – Needs a special PCI card to attach to the PSTN or other analog phones (a modem will not work).

Asterisk • Can also be used to run a VOIP network with connections to the PSTN • With VOIP, this can be incredibly cheap.

Asterisk PCI card

Asterisk PCI Cards • PCI cards exist in several flavors: – 1 inward/outward phone line ($20) – 2 inward/outward ($225) – 4 inward/outward ($380) – T 1 connection (24 inward/outward) ($890) • Very comparable in price to the cheapest of proprietary PBX’s

Asterisk Analog PCI Hubs • Act as the Main Distribution Frames – Kind of like a router or hub • Allow the users of analog telephones to connect to the PBX server • Necessary if you want to run a non VOIP network • Cost: 12 port ($1400) – Not many people actually run analog Asterisk • http: //www. voicetronix. com/hda. htm#features

Non PCI Switches • Called Channel Banks • Connects many phone lines to 1 main trunk • Not incredibly expensive. • Provide the multiplexing/demultiplexing

Channel Banks

VOIP Asterisk • If the PBX is already running digitally, why not run digital phones using VOIP? – Phones can be computers – Or special VOIP phones • Instead of buying a $1400 switch, you can buy an Ethernet switch for incredibly cheap.

Skype • Allows computer to computer conversations that only cross the Internet. – There’s one main difference between Skype and Asterisk. • Skype is free or almost free. • Skype has very good security.

Centrex • • Owned by the Telco Same features as a PBX Features are leased by businesses Each user has their own external phone line.

PBX/Centrex Boxes

Key Telephone Systems • Multi-line telephone system used in SMALL office environments • Very old technology • Similar to a PBX. • Many telephone lines come into certain phones. A light comes on if the line is busy. A user takes control of a line by pressing a button.

Key Telephone Systems • Provided intercom capabilities. • Often 6, 12, or 25 lines would come into a phone. • In North America, these type of phones were known as 1 A 2. • They are still manufactured and supported today, though they are rapidly becoming outdated.

Key Telephone Systems