Lindbergh Field International Airport New Terminal Bill Mahoney LSW Engineers
Lindbergh Field International Airport • Two original terminals • New terminal added, 320, 000 square feet • 750, 000 square feet total in 3 terminals • Concrete or metal panel & insulated steel framed walls • Concrete filled metal deck with rigid insulation
Lindbergh Field International Airport Original Equipment • Serving 2 original terminals • 30 year old water cooled centrifugal chillers – R-11 refrigerant, 400 to 600 tons, 0. 80 k. W/ton • Cooling towers for heat rejection • Constant volume pumping • Constant volume single duct reheat air delivery system • Mix of pneumatic and direct digital controls
Lindbergh Field International Airport Project Scenario • Need for airport expansion • Original central plants old and inefficient • Not enough cooling capacity in original terminals, frequently above comfort range • Equipment for all 3 terminals consolidated into one new central plant
Lindbergh Field International Airport Project Challenges • Fast construction track – 9 months to build plant • Coordinating construction of new plant with existing terminal renovations – keeping existing terminal cooled • Routing distribution system through operating parking areas & landside of terminals
Lindbergh Field International Airport New Cooling Plant • Four 800 ton electric centrifugal chillers – R-123 refrigerant, 0. 49 k. W/ton at full load – one chiller has a variable speed drive for part load performance of less than 0. 40 k. W/ton • Four oversized cooling towers – provide 80°F condenser water at design conditions • Condenser water pumps with individual tower bypass – individual setpoints for each chiller • Primary/secondary/tertiary chilled water system – constant speed primary pumps, variable secondary & tertiary pumps
Lindbergh Field International Airport Reduced Loads in New Terminal • Low emissivity dual glazing used extensively – window U-values of 0. 30 Btu/hr/sq. ft. /°F, versus 0. 50 for typical double pane windows – shading coefficient of 0. 32 versus 0. 70 -0. 90 normally • Automated daylighting system – only uses electrical lighting system when needed • Carbon dioxide rise monitoring – reduces outside air levels when occupant load is less than design
Lindbergh Field International Airport Other Features • Three 75 therm, 200 horsepower gas boilers – hooked into primary/secondary/tertiary water pumping system – variable frequency drives on secondary & tertiary pumps • Variable flow fans used with variable flow drives • Economizers used on all fan systems – can admit up to 100% outside air to new terminal – up to 50% outside air in old terminals • Central automated control system – bid as a separate contract, for uniformity across all buildings
Lindbergh Field International Airport Planned for Future Expansion • Room for a fifth chiller & cooling tower • Possible gas fired absorption chiller • Chilled water piping arranged to preferentially load a future gas fired chiller during peak rate periods • Condenser water piped to adjust entering temperature for each individual chiller
Lindbergh Field International Airport Central Plant Costs • Final rebate was actually much larger
Lindbergh Field International Airport Efficiency Measures in New Terminal • Efficiency measures allow for smaller chillers and reduce total electricity & gas consumption
Lindbergh Field International Airport Financing Structure • Finananced through the Port of San Diego • $240 million expansion project – $105 million new terminal construction – $7 million central plant – $10 million utilities distribution • Chillers competitively bid, based on performance, then assigned to contractor
Lindbergh Field International Airport Project Timeline • New terminal will open in Jan 98 ~ 3 years after design began – Project conception, Nov 94 – Engineering analysis Jan - Feb 95 – Installation & construction Dec 95 - Aug 96, 9 months total – Commissioning Aug 96
Lindbergh Field International Airport Project Results • Highly efficient central plant • Improved cooling to existing terminals • Consolidation of airport equipment into one central plant • Energy efficient new terminal design • Overall lower operating costs • Ready for future expansion
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