LIMITED GOVERNMENT Monarch’s power was limited not absolute
Magna Carta • 1215 nobles forced King John to sign recognizing their rights • Nobles believed it protected people from unjust punishment, loss of life, levying taxes with out consent • Used to gain more political liberties and build support for constitutional government
Right to Petition • 1625 King Charles I was forced to sign and it limited his power • No taxes without OK of Parliament
English Bill of Rights • 1689 Glorious Revolution made Parliament supreme • Wm and Mary were invited to rule with Parliament after James II fled England • Set up clear limits on the monarch • Colonists in America thought they should be covered too—cause for rebellion
Representative Government People elect delegates to make laws and conduct government
British Parliament • 2 houses – House of Lords—made up of nobles sons – House of Commons—elected but usually younger sons of nobles mostly because they were the ones that could vote
John Locke • 1690 created a social contract called Two Treatises of Government • state of nature before government–people were free equal and independent • People were born with natural rights—life, liberty, and property • People made a social contract theory to create a government to protect these rights
John Locke continued • If government failed then the people would rebel • Government was only legit if people consented • DOI, Constitution, and ideas behind French Revolution reflected this
Colonial Government • British government ruled colonies but they had – a written constitution, – a legislature of elected representatives, – and separation of powers between exec. , leg, . & judicial branches
• 1620 Mayflower Compact—plan for selfgovernment • Ist Constitution in America was in Massachusetts Bay Colony in CT called Fundamental Orders of CT • 1619 Virginia House of Burgesses— 1 st legislature in America (12 yrs after Jamestown)
Separation of Powers • Idea written about by Charles Montesquieu in The Spirit of Laws • Colonial charters divided the power of government between – legislative—passed laws, – executive—governor & – judicial—courts heard cases • Actions were then reviewed by committee of kings Privy Council
Colonial legislatures were the training ground for the Constitution
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