Life +Meth ----Death A presentation by Laura Strom, M. S. May 11, 2009 Presentation has graphic photos Image retrieved May 5, 2009 from http: //www. cityofvancouver. us/upload/images/Police/meth/tweaker. jpg
What is meth? l l An addictive stimulant that is closely related to amphetamine, but has longer lasting and more toxic effects on the central nervous system. It has a high potential for abuse and addiction. Street names: Speed, meth, chalk, ice, crystal, glass From National Institute on Drug Abuse Image retrieved May 5, 2009 from http: //blogs. citypages. com/blotter/images/meth. bmp
How is it used? According to Wikipedia, the bioavailability of meth is: l 62. 7% oral l 79% nasal l 90. 3% smoked l 99% rectally l 100% IV l Image retrieved May 5, 2009 from http: //msnbcmedia 3. msn. com/j/msnbc/864000/864036. widec. jpg
How is meth made? l l l Mainly manufactured in California and Mexico Commonly found chemicals that can be purchased legally such as Toluene/paint thinner, methanol, benzene, ethyl ether, camp stove fuel (Coleman fuel), starting fluid (Heet), ammonia, iodine crystals, ephedrine or pseudoephedrine (cold medicine), drain cleaner (Drano, Red Devil Lye), red phosphorous, muriatic and hydrochloric acid and battery (sulphuric) acid. “Cooking” leads to dangerous gases released Taken from http: //www. methtaskforce. org/FAQ. HTM#9
What is a meth high like? l In lab experiments done on animals: SEX causes dopamine levels to jump from 100 to 200 units, l COCAINE causes them to spike to 350 units. l l METH - release from the base level to about 1, 250 l l l units, “…something that's about 12 times as much of a release of dopamine as you get from food and sex and other pleasurable activities“ Dr. Richard Rawson "This really doesn't occur from any normally rewarding activity. That's one of the reasons why people, when they take methamphetamine, report having this euphoric [feeling] that's unlike anything they've ever experienced. " Dr. Richard Rawson Then, when the drug wears off, users experience profound depression and feel the need to keep taking the drug to avoid the crash. Taken from http: //www. pbs. org/wgbh/pages/frontline/meth/body/
Short term signs of meth use • Stimulated movement and speech (hyperactive, staccato, "motor mouth", agitated) • Dilated pupils • Feelings of intense excitement and euphoria • Lack of sleep, no desire to sleep • Increased energy • Mood swings, irritability, nervousness • Increased heart rate and blood pressure • Chest pain, heart palpitations, hot flashes, dry mouth, sweating Taken from http: //www. methtaskforce. org/aboutmeth. htm
Long term signs of meth use • Mental Confusion • Deteriorating school grades or work performance • Aggressiveness, violence, emotional lability • Weight loss (women & young women sometimes start the drug for this) • Sores on face, arms (formication - "crank bugs“ feeling insects under the skin) • Diarrhea, vomiting • Hallucinations, paranoia • Tremors or shaking, convulsions • Staying awake for long periods (e. g. several days) • Sleeping for long periods, sometimes days (after being awake for long periods) • Hypertension • Palpitations, cardiac arrhythmia • Dental decay Taken from http: //www. methtaskforce. org/aboutmeth. htm
What causes “meth mouth” l Dry mouth is result of depleted saliva glands from acidic smoke l When users smoke meth, the HCl acid in the drug erodes their tooth enamel l Users are dehydrated and crave sweets l Loss of tooth enamel, a constant sweet tooth and a disregard for brushing l Leads to "meth mouth" with teeth that are little more than little black stubs Taken from http: //www. stopmethaddiction. com/methmouth. htm Both images retrieved May 7, 2009 from www. usdoj. gov/methawareness/
What is “tweaking”? Tweaking occurs at the end of the binge when nothing the abuser does will take away the feeling of emptiness and dysphoria, including taking more methamphetamine. Tweaking is very uncomfortable, and the abuser often takes a depressant to ease the bad feelings. The most popular depressant is alcohol, with heroin a close second. Tweaking is the most dangerous stage of the methamphetamine abuse cycle to law enforcement officers and other individuals near the abuser. If the abuser is using alcohol to ease the discomfort, the threat to law enforcement officers intensifies. Image retrieved May 5, 2009 from http: //www. orangeusd. k 12. ca. us/ date/body%20 by%20 crystal_met h_1. jpg Taken from http: //www. stopmethaddiction. com/meth-addiction. htm
Meth v. Cocaine Meth Cocaine Human-made Plant derived Smoking produces a high that lasts 8 -24 hours Smoking produces a high that lasts 23 -30 minutes 50% is removed from the body in 12 hours 50% is removed from the body in 1 hour Limited medical use Used as local anesthetic in some surgical procedures Taken from http: //www. addictionsresources. com/drugs/meth_versus_cocaine. html
Brain damage by meth Brain scan images from Dr. Volkow's study. Image copyright Nora Volkow/American Journal of Psychiatry. Image retrieved May 5, 2009 from http: //www. pbs. org/wgbh/pages/f rontline/meth/body/ “When addicts use meth over and over again, the drug actually changes their brain chemistry, destroying the wiring in the brain's pleasure centers and making it increasingly impossible to experience any pleasure at all. ” Taken from http: //www. pbs. org/wgbh/pages/frontline/meth/body
Brain damage by meth “The human brain on meth does not look like fried eggs. It looks more like the night sky over Baghdad during the first weeks of the war. ” Quote from David Sheff, author, Beautiful Boy, p. 134 referring to PET/MRI scans of meth addicts by Dr. Edythe London, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA
Brain damage by meth Study by Dr. Nora Volkow, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse l After more than a year's sobriety, these former meth users still showed l severe impairment in memory, l judgment and motor coordination, l similar to symptoms seen in individuals suffering from Parkinson's Disease. l Taken from http: //www. pbs. org/wgbh/pages/frontline/meth/body
Cost of creating meth According to Stop. Meth. Addiction. com l Meth Statistics #8: The estimated cost of making meth is $100 an ounce, with a street value of $800 an ounce. l Meth Statistics #22: Methamphetamine's street value is approximately $3, 000 per pound (about the size of a brick), while the price of cocaine is roughly $11, 000 per pound. l
Cost of meth to society l l l Increased domestic violence Child abuse/neglect Traffic accidents Theft/crime Lab clean up costs approximately $10 K each Image retrieved May 5, 2009 from http: //neoconbs. files. wordpress. com/2007/03/meth. jpg
“Broken” by Seether The video “Broken” by Seether was filmed on the location of an actual meth lab explosion and can be seen on You Tube. http: //www. youtube. com/ watch? v=hf. OYuf. GFi. Zg Image retrieved May 5, 2009 from http: //www. everhype. com/uploads/ CS_S_3015_20090304085451. jpg
Recovery l “…meth addicts may be unable, not unwilling, to participate in many common treatments, at least in the early stages of withdrawal. Rather than a moral failure or a lack of willpower, dropping out and relapsing may be a result of a damaged brain. ” David Sheff quoting Dr. Edythe London’s work in Beautiful Boy, p. 135.
Recovery “…severe cognitive impairments may make patients incapable of participating in therapies that require concentration, logic and memory. Also, patients with extremely high levels of depression and anxiety, and who are suffering a type of ‘chronic agony, ’ as London describes it, are at a major disadvantage when taking part in cognitive and behavioral treatments. ” David Sheff quoting Dr. Edythe London’s work in Beautiful Boy, p. 135.
Recovery Detox takes 4 -6 weeks l Physical cravings for up to a year l Intensifying cravings at 3 month intervals l Strong psychological addiction l Most difficult addiction to treat l Addict does not want to give up something that makes them feel “so good” l Taken from http: //www. stopmethaddiction. com/meth-recovery. htm
Henry Ohlhoff House (SF) Recovery Philosophy – ohlhoff. org l We offer a strong, structured model of accountability and support which empowers clients and their families to take control of their lives. Based on the belief that addiction cannot be cured in isolation, we combine the critical components of recovery into a unique, success-oriented approach: l l l l Providing a social model of reintegration into the community Emphasizing that recovery is spiritually based Building a lasting community through the 12 -Step principles Operating from the clinical conviction that addiction is a family disease; therefore addresses the entire family, not just the addicted person Requiring clients to be active participants in their own recovery Relapse Prevention Discharge Planning Aftercare
Issues for VR Counselors Clients must be firmly in recovery l Clients may have issues similar to Parkinson’s, schizophrenia, ADHD l Careful placement to avoid prior drug triggers l Testing to evaluate cognitive functioning l Client should be networked with good support on multiple fronts l
Meth use over 10 years Image retrieved May 7, 2009 from http: //ww w. macfan atic. net/bl og/wpcontent/u ploads/20 06/09/met huse. jpg
National Resources • • • Alcoholics Anonymous www. alcoholicsanonymous. org Narcotics Anonymous www. na. org Al-Anon www. al-anon. org Alateen www. al-anon. alateen. org National Institute on Drug Abuse www. nida. nih. gov National Council on Alcohol and other Drug Addictions – Bay Area www. ncadaba. com
A Few Local Resources l l l 211 by United Way www. 211 bayarea. org Great booklet by 211 “Help for Hard Times” http: //www. 211 bayarea. org/pdfs/Helpfor. Hard. Tim es. pdf Haight Ashbury Free Clinics www. hafci. org Salvation Army Drug and Rehab Services www. salvationarmyusa. org Ohlhoff Recovery Programs SF www. ohlhoff. org
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