Let is preserve it for future generations. Amur tiger Сomplied with: student of 10 class B Malikov Maryam School № 15
Scientific classification Kingdom: Wildlife Type: Chordates Class: Mammals Order: Predatory Family: Cat Gender: Panther View: Tiger Subspecies: Amur Tiger Appearance. One of the largest and most beautiful felines can be regarded as the Amur ( Ussuri ) tiger , the most northern tiger. Siberian tiger large , exotically colored cat on strength and power unmatched throughout the world fauna. Tiger - one of the largest land predators on our planet. Tiger - beast legkouyazvimuyu , despite its large size and great physical strength , but she is such that he can traipse over the carcass of a horse 500 meters the snow it is capable of speeds up to 80 km / h , speed second only to the cheetah. One of the strongest features is their outer skin with black or brown bold vertical stripes on reddish-yellow or reddish-orange background. The lower part of the body tigers usually white or slightly creamy. Many are very well known, such as white tigers, they are also commonly called Bengal, but the Tigers are almost destroyed, and in those places where they still remain, their number is usually very limited, although fairly large number of tigers remain in India, Malaysia and Nepal.
Bengal tiger. Бесспорно уссурийский тигр — это одна из достопримечательностей Приморского края. С давних пор эта грациозная, несмотря на свои размеры, кошка, считается безраздельным властелином тайги. Тигр живет в одиночку и отмечает границы своей территории пометом и отметинами на деревьях. Своих соперников тигр предупреждает ревом, который слышен в радиусе 3 км. Тигриный вид исключительно азиатский. Он появился где-то на севере Китая где-то около 2 млн. лет назад. Также в конце прошлого века тигров можно было увидеть на востоке Турции и от севера Ирана до Ост-Индии и даже на юго-востоке Сибири. В горах тигры поднимаются где-то 3000 метров над уровнем моря.
Abilities and habits. Tiger able to just cover one jump 9 meters, but usually tries to sneak up as close as possible to the victim and one strong blow her off her feet. Great beasts he usually bites his powerful fangs throat and does not let her up until they suffocate, small animals tiger often gnaws top neck. Tigress normally are smaller than males. The smallest subspecies of tigers have long been extinct Balinese tiger - females of these tigers weighed about 65 kg. Most tigers this huge Siberian tigers: the mass of these males exceeding 300 kg. Height 0. 6 in females and 1. 1 m in males. On the front legs of these tigers have fingers, on the back - four, all usually with retractable claws. Average number of chromosomes is 38. If we do not take into account, as a rule, short breeding season and the usual period of caring for mother offspring, tigers are solitary lifestyle and habitat.
Habitats. Habitat. Tiger habitat is concentrated in a protected area in southeastern Russia, on the banks of the Amur and Ussuri in the Khabarovsk and Primorsky Krai, Russia only in 1996, there were about 415 -476 individuals. About 10% (40 -50 individuals) Amur tiger lives in China (Manchuria). More than just a Siberian tiger common in the foothills of the Sikhote-Alin, in the Lazo region of Primorsky Krai, where a relatively small area lives every six wild Siberian tiger (2003).
Food. Depending on the habitat of striped predator species and quantity of production and the fact that the tiger or tigress , usually individual plot area adult predator is from 200 to 3000 square kilometers. Tigers hunt adults usually on large mammals such as wild boar , antelope, deer , gaur and buffalo , but may also eat frogs, birds and other large animals are not. In Manchuria and Siberia, tigers frequently hunt and Himalayan brown bears. Sometimes tiger prey becomes livestock, but casualties are usually quite rare. Constitute the basis of food boar and red deer , and southwestern regions of Primorye and Lazo reserve and sika deer. The quantitative ratio of tiger victims for different parts of the range is not the same. On the western slopes of the central Sikhote -Alin share boar and red deer is respectively about 60 and 30% , on the eastern ( Sikhote- Alin ) these figures more than three times lower than for wild boar and almost 2. 5 times higher in red deer. On the eastern slopes of the southern Sikhote -Alin ( Lazo Reserve) share boar and red deer equivalent - about 30% of the victims spotted deer tiger is 18. 2 %.
Breeding. Estrus and the emergence of young not confined to any particular time of year. However, the pairing occurs most often in the second half of winter, and the emergence of offspring mainly falls in April-June. The gestation period lasts 95 -107 days, on average - 103 days. The litter is 1 -4 cub, usually 2 -3. Average brood size varies from 1. 5 to 2. 4 cubs. Most females give birth for the first time in 3 -4 years of age. Tigress gives birth, usually once every two years.
Sexual maturity occurs cubs aged 3 -4 years in females and 4 -5 years for males , but in zoos typically allow for reproduction and biennial tigers. In captivity, tigers do not live more than 26 years in nature, as it is known , is usually the same. A mother feeds her cubs milk annually. By the time they reach a weight of 20 -30 kg and completely pass on the meat. First winter tigress is her kittens fresh meat from frozen since they often get cold and die. Two-year- old cubs weigh up to 100 kg and attached themselves to hunting , where their mother teaches with great diligence. Males upbringing of their offspring are not interested. Cubs are separated from the mother in the second year of life. Accordingly, broods The tigress may appear at intervals of two years , and in the case of death of the cubs - a year of loss. Mortality of young is very high - about 50%. Deaths from tigers and bears evidence of cannibalism are relatively rare , the well-being of the form do not affect. Next tiger.
Protection from extinction. As to the first category of threat , from listed in the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Russia , is included in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora in Endangered Species (CITES ). In the south of the Russian Far East , where the northern boundary of the range of the species , this tiger lives in the territory of Primorye and the Amur Region. Currently, only the Sikhote-Alin remained the world's only viable population of the Amur tiger. According to R. K. Mack , in 1861 visited the Ussuri River valley , local hunters avoid even talking about this animal and in the pantheon Orochs , locals figure mythical tiger - " duse ", second only to the supreme deity - " bois ". This is conditional on the ability to worship the tiger disappear from sight for a few seconds , even in the snowy woods , despite its bright coloring. It should be noted that not only the indigenous peoples of Primorye Siberian tiger endowed with supernatural powers. Chinese and Korean hunters piously believed that meat, bones and even tiger claws have healing properties , which in its action are second only to the healing effect of ginseng root.
For all listed should be added and the warm, soft and extremely beautiful fur. All this led to the fact that in the 30 years of the twentieth century, the Siberian tiger population has dropped to 50 individuals. Then before the biologists was the question of how to preserve this unique subspecies. And in 1935 it was decided to establish the Sikhote-Alin Reserve. By the beginning of the reserve on its territory were about 4 -5 individuals.
In Russia, the tiger was taken under protection in 1947, when he was a complete ban on hunting him. In recent years, the protection of this animal is becoming increasingly important international cooperation, which is expressed not only in the financial, material and technical support for various environmental organizations, but also in carrying out joint projects. Currently, research is being conducted within the framework of the Russian. American project "Amur Tiger" with the use of radio-tracking.
Established contacts and work began on the tiger and leopard in the countries adjacent to Russia - People's Republic of China and the Democratic People's Republic. Prepared and adopted to action " strategy for tiger conservation in Russia", which defines the main lines of action for the conservation of natural populations of one of the most beautiful this cat subspecies - the Amur tiger. Of the seven subspecies of tiger are already two probably can be considered extinct , and only recently. In October 1953, a large tiger was killed in Szymanowski area, near the municipality of the village , near the river Tu. The length of the beast from the end of the snout to the end of the tail was 2 m 90 cm, circle hooks - 36 cm and weighs about 250 kg. Stuffed tiger that is stored in the Annunciation museum of local lore.