Lesson One Face to Face with Hurricane

Lesson One • Face to Face with Hurricane Camille

Background information hurricane --1. strong tropical storm 2. strong fast wind which speeds more than 75 mph 3. North Atlantic Ocean

4. given a girl's name; named alphabetically 5. hurricane season begins on June 1 st and ends on Nov. 30 th

America map

typhoon --1. Western Pacific Ocean or China Sea 2. numbered tropical cyclone -- a vortex, usually hundreds of miles in diameter

whirlwind --- a general term/ circular wind tornado ---visible as a tube-shaped cloud of dust which moves in a relatively narrow path

gale --- a general term for a very strong wind capable of doing considerable damage to property

wind the Beaufort scale 波福风力等级 1 light breeze 1 --3 mph 2 slight breeze 4 --7 3 gentle breeze 8 --12 4 moderate breeze 13— 18 5 fresh breeze 19— 24

the Beaufort scale 6 strong breeze 25 --31 7 moderate gale 32 --38 8 fresh gale 39 --46 9 strong gale 47 --54 10 whole gale 55 --63 11 storm 64 --75 12 hurricane over 75

literary style A piece of narration is mainly developed in the actual time sequence. ----chronological development

Literary terms narration --- story telling extended narration --- novels histories biographies autobiographies travelogues

Literary terms 1. characters 2. plot (conflict)

Literary terms protagonist antagonist suspense --- a state of uncertainty

The Literary terms interposition --- a passage which is put between the action The purpose is to add more information to create suspense

Literary terms flashback climax denouement --- the ending of a story

climax falling action denouement rising action conflict beginning suspense ending

• Action ( plot) usually dominates narration • Some narratives focus on • ----character • ----theme • ----atmosphere

• What is the story about? • What is theme of the story? • How many characters are there in the story? Who are they?

characters • • • Pop Koshak Grandma Koshak John Koshak Janis Koshak Seven children Charles, a friend Neighbors Pets

• Who is the protagonist in the story? • What opposing forces make up the conflict? • What is the point of view of the story? • What is the atmosphere of the story?

• At what point in the story does the action reach its highest point? • At what point would you have ended the story? Why?

• What is the organizational pattern of this story? • beginning • middle • end

Organizational pattern Sect I. para 1 -6 introduction – the setting of the story background information time place characters reasons actions

Organizational pattern Sect II para 7 -26 - How was the family brought face to face with the hurricane. - How did the family fight against each violent attack of the hurricane

1. (p 7) on the first floor 2. (p 8 -13 ) on the staircase 3. (p 14 -21) in the bedroom (interposition) 4. (p 22 -26) in the TV room

Organizational pattern Sect. III para 27~39 (climax ) conclusion ---- the scene after the storm the relief work done by the state the relief work done by the Koshaks

Face to face with hurricane Camille • What can you predict about the story by reading the title? • Face to face---confronting one another. • face to face with the enemy • face to face with the tiger • face to face with the problem

• What information can we get from para one? • Where is the topic sentence of para one? • What is the function of the last sentence? • Point out the words that describe the power of hurricane?

• What is John’s trade? • What does “Magna Products” stand for? • Why did John Koshak decide to stay and face the dangers of a devastating hurricane?

• What does “batten down” mean? • What does ‘ride it out” mean? • What kind of person is the elder Koshak?

• What’s the main idea of para 5? • What preparation did the Koshaks make?

John Koshak, Jr. • ----the abbreviation of junior. • Sr. ---- senior • John Rockefeller III

• Radio and television warnings had sounded throughout that Sunday, last August 17, as Camille lashed northwestward across the Gulf of Mexico.

lash ---to strike with great force ---to move violently or suddenly The waves lashed the cliffs. The rain was lashing against the windows.

America map

It was certain to pummel Gulfport, Miss. , where the Koshaks lived. (personification) pummel --- spelled "pommel" to beat suddenly or attack vigorously to hit with repeated blows

• How is this paragraph developed? What is the function of the last sentence?

reason out • 这个侦探反复琢磨想弄明白那个窃贼是怎 样逃跑的。 • The detective tried to reason out how the thief had escaped.

• “…and all of Magna Products' correspondence, engineering drawings and art work were there on the first floor) -was familiar with the power of a hurricane. ” • all of– every one, every bit of, every piece of • Magna Products---name of the company owned and run by John Koshak Jr

Koshak had moved his family to a motel for the night • ----motor+hotel (blend) boatel (boat+hotel) brunch (breakfast + lunch) chunnel (channel + tunnel) 运河地下道 slanguage (slang + language)

Blends sitcom (situation + comedy )情景喜剧 narcokleptocracy (narcotic麻醉剂的) + (kleptomania 偷窃癖+ cracy 统治阶层) 官贩毒 magalog ( magazine + catalog) 杂志目录

Blends comint ( communications + intelligence) 通讯情报 sportscasters ( spots + broadcaster) 体育节目广播员 masscult (mass + culture) 平民文化

• We’re elevated 23 feet. • ---we are 23 feet above sea level. (BE)

and we' re a good 250 yards from the sea. • • ---at least, full 我们足足等了六个小时。 We waited a good six hours. 昨晚Bill在酒馆里喝得烂醉。 Bill had a good drink at the pub last night. 从这到火车站足足有五个小时的车程。 It’s a good five hours to drive to the railway station. • 他父母狠狠揍了他一顿。 • His parents gave him a good beating.

• The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it. • The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.

reasons to stay 1. He is a self-employed businessman 2. His present house was in a better condition than his former house.

We can batten down and ride it out, " batten – to fasten canvas over the hatches of a ship, especially in preparing for a storm batten down the hatches 严阵以待 to batten down --- (metaphor)果断采取行动以 迎接困难 ride it out---to stay afloat during a storm without too much damage We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.

ride out • • 我们会安然渡过这场暴风雨的。 We’ll be able to ride out the storm. 新政府将安然度过目前的财政危机。 The new government will ride out the present financial crisis. • 我们一定能经受得住一切困难，继续战斗。 • We shall certainly be able to ride out every difficulty and go on fighting.

Since water mains might be damaged, they filled bathtubs and pails. • ---a principal pipe, or line in a distributing system for water, gas, electricity, etc.

scud -- move swiftly The boat scudded before the strong west wind came.

• A neighbor, whose husband was in Vietnam, asked if she and her two children could sit out the storm with the Koshaks. • ---to stay until the end of the storm • We forced ourselves to sit the play out．

Section II • The writer builds up and sustains the suspense in the story by describing in detail and vividly the incidents showing how the Koshaks and their friends struggled against each onslaught of hurricane

• Give a description of what happened after dark? • What figure of speech is used in the second sentence of para 7? • Find the words and expressions showing the force of wind and rain?

Wind and rain now whipped the house. (metaphor) • Strong wind and rain was lashing the house as if with a whip.

• As the wind mounted to a roar, the house began leaking- the rain seemingly driven right through the walls. • seemingly---apparently, as if

At 8: 30, power failed, and Pop Koshak turned on the generator. • ---electricity was cut off • ---(slang) father, • a familiar term of address to any elderly man • --- started their generator to produce their own electric power

blast 1. (an explosion) burst, explosion 2. ( a loud sound) roar, bang, noise unexpected quick strong movement of wind or rain 一阵；一股 • a blast of wind

shove -- push with a quick, rather violent movement • He dragged her out to the door and shoved her into the street. • The car won't start. Can you give it a shove?

• What did it indicate when Charlie found the water tasted salty?

• Find the exact words and expressions showing the devastating power of hurricane? • Find the elliptical sentences and simile.

The generator was doused, and the lights went out. -- to put out ( a light, fire, generator, etc) quickly by pouring water over it Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity so the lights also went out.

“That water tasted salty. " • Why did Charlie think they were in real trouble when he found the water tasted salty?

"Everybody out the back door to the cars!" • Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars.

• The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. • (simile)

“…the electrical systems had been killed by water. ” • The electrical system in the car had been put out by water ( just as the generator in the house was doused)

• The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. • (simile)

• Why did grandma at this critical moment tell her husband she loved him? • Why did his voice “lack its usual gruffness? ”

Charlie Hill had more or less taken responsibility for the neighbor and her two children. • ---rather, to some extent • We hope our explanations will prove more or less helpful. • ---to consider oneself answerable for

on the verge of --- very near to the action • She was so unhappy that she was on the verge of (committing) suicide. • The country is on the verge of disaster. • The child is on the verge of tears. • The company is on the verge of insolvency.

his voice lacked its usual gruffness. • Why did grandmother Koshak, at this critical moment, tell her husband she loved him?

John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt. • --to move or strike gently with a light, splashing sound --- overwhelming The final lecture was interrupted by the crushing news of president Kennedy's death. • It was a crushing result for the Labor Party.

Why did John Koshak feel a crushing guilt? • As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.

ferocity --- the quality of being violent / strength/ intensity • He had never heard such ferocity in a man's voice.

"Get us through this mess, will You? " • ---a state of trouble or difficulty. • ---god. • Oh, God, please help us to get through this storm safely.

• Why did John Koshak feel a crushing guilt? • Get us through this mess, will You? “You” is capitalized, why?

• Find the personification in para 18? • Explain “ the marooned group. ”

• Find the words and expressions showing the power of hurricane in para 19? • Find the figures of speech in Para 19. • What’s the meaning of “spectacular vantage point? ” • What’s the function of para 19 -20?

• Why did grandma ask the children to sing? • What did the sentence mean: she carried on alone for a few bars, then her voice trail away ?

• A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air. ( personification) • ---in a big, hard, sweeping blow • ---to throw so as to cause to bounce swiftly and lightly

maroon --- v. (usu. p. p. ) to leave one or more people alone, with no means of getting away. Five fishermen were marooned on a rock in a gale.

…in its concentrated breadth of some 70 miles it shot out winds of nearly 200 m. p. h. ”

• • • m. p. h. ---mile per hour m. p. g. ---mile per gallon r. p. m -- revolutions per minute g. p. m -- gallons per minute f. p. s -- feet per second

it seized a 600, 000 -gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3 ~ miles away. ( personification) • ---an oil tank that can store 600000 gallons of oil • ---to throw down sth. heavy with a bump

It tore three large cargo ships from their moorings and beached them. • (personification) • ---cables, anchors, etc that hold a ship in place • ---to ground a boat on a beach

• “Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point. ” • ---a party held especially for watching the hurricane • ---( transferred epithet) impressive to see and strikingly unusual • --- a position that allows a clear and broad view

vantage point(s) point of vantage -- a good position from which you can see a lot of things The TV tower will provide a vantage point from which we can have a bird's eye view of the city. They fired upon the enemy from behind trees, walls and any other point of vantage they could find.

Paragraph 19 -20 • 1) giving additional information about the devastating force of the hurricane • 2) building up suspense

She carried on alone for a few bars; then her voice trailed away. • --- a measure in music, the notes between 2 vertical lines on a music sheet • --- to grow gradually weaker, dimmer • Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped.

• With two walls in their bedroom sanctuary beginning to disintegrate, John ordered, "Into the television room!“ • ---because of • He was faint with hunger. • ---the bedroom which was a place of refuge and protection

• What did Janis understand when John put his arm around her? • What is a lean-to? • Find the words , expressions and details showing the devastating power of hurricane?

frustrate • ----cause sb. to have feelings of annoys and disappointment

• “Without reason, he dragged a cedar chest and a double mattress from a bedroom into the TV room. ” • --- a box made of cedar wood • --- a bed mattress for a double bed

• What did the people see when they returned? • Who came to help the devastated area? • What did they do to help the people?

• What’s the figure of speech in the first sentence of para 32? • Find the words or expressions showing the power of hurricane.

• What did John’s family and his friends do after the storm? • What kind of person is Charlie? • How did they feel after it? • What have you learned about the people and society of America?

thrust -- attack push drive

strew -- spread, cover, scatter - His clothes were strewn all over the room. - The floor is strewn with broken glass. - After the riot, the street was strewn with broken bottles and stones.

“Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees” (metaphor) -- decorate

and blowndown power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads. (simile) • ---wires carrying electricity were blown down by the wind. • ---Italian noodles

returnee • ---a person who returns, as home from military service or to school after dropping out( Ame. ) • v. +ee--- a person in a specified condition • employee refugee • nominee interviewee

• “The federal government shipped 4, 400, 000 pounds of food, moved in mobile homes, set up portable classrooms, opened offices to provide low-interest, long-term business loans. ” • ---homes that can be moved or transported easily from one place to another • ---mobile classrooms • ---to provide capital to businessmen so that they can start new business, factories, companies.

Camille, meanwhile, had raked its way northward across Mississippi, -- (metaphor) -- to attack and devastate as it moved along

“dropping more than 28 inches of rain into West Virginia and southern Virginia, causing rampaging floods, huge mountain slides and 111 additional deaths before breaking up over the Atlantic Ocean. ” • ---violent, raging floods • ---the fall of a mass of rock, snow, earth, etc. down a mountain slope, avalanche

• and he pitched in with Seabees in the worst volunteer work of all--searching for bodies. • ---to set to work energetically • -- members of the construction Battalions of the Civil Engineer corps of the US navy, that build harbor facilities airfields etc 海军 程队

Janis had just one delayed reaction. • Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension caused by the hurricane.

wreckage -- what remains of a plane, car, building etc, that has been very badly damaged

• “It could have been depressing, but it wasn't: each salvaged item represented a little victory over the wrath of the storm. ” • ---everything they picked up and that could still be put to use

Language features 1. the effective use of verbs lash, pummel, lap, skim, scud, dump, shot, snap, hit, whip, lift, seize, tear, crack, smash, slash

2. short elliptical sentences a) increase the tempo of action b) create the atmosphere of tension, danger and urgency

3. successful achievement of chronological development connectives--- so, then, but. transitional phrases -- seconds later, after that , for an instant, by this time, etc

4. the words with [æ] which vividly describe the violence of the hurricane. lash, crack, snap, slashing, smash, shatter, rampage, collapse, lap

• 5. the use of rhetoric devices • simile • metaphor • personification • transferred epithet • elliptical sentences

He builds up the suspense a) by careful explanatory introduction and gradual description of the onset of the storm. b) by relating a series of onslaughts that gradually lessen the family's chances of survival. c) by inserting facts about the power of the hurricane at an exciting moment.

• • • shudder shiver shake quake tremble

• • • demolish destroy raze annihilate damage devastate

perish • die • expire • pass away •

• • • disintegrate decay rot spoil molder decompose

diminish • minimize •

The end