6213e36ff8bea833d2f15b94eb8d839f.ppt
- Количество слайдов: 88
Lee Hoke Retired FORMER MANAGER OF PHILIPS-MAGNAVOX TV SET ENGINEERING
WHAT HAS HAPPENED TO THE OLD FRIEND TV SET THAT WE GREW UP WITH?
1930’s SEVERAL TV SYSTEMS DEMONSTRATED The 1939 Worlds Fair opened with a speech by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, which NBC teamed with RCA to beam across the city in the first largescale display of television. MAY 1941 – NATIONAL TELEVISION SYSTEMS COMMITTEE (NTSC) STANDARD FOR B&W TV WAS ADOPTED BY FCC.
Retrace
White Black
1930’s SEVERAL TV SYSTEMS DEMONSTRATED MAY 1941 – NATIONAL TELEVISION SYSTEMS COMMITTEE (NTSC) STANDARD FOR B&W TV WAS ADOPTED BY FCC. 1953 - NTSC COLOR TV STANDARD ADOPTED JAN. 1, 1954 - FIRST NATIONAL COLOR TV BROADCAST – ‘TOURNAMENT OF ROSES’
COLOR BAR TEST PATTERN
TRI-GUN CATHODE RAY TUBE
INSIDE A TRIGUN COLOR PICTURE TUBE
March 1984 - BROADCAST TELEVISION SYSTEMS COMMITTEE (BTSC) STANDARD ADOPTED FOR MULTICHANNEL TV SOUND. Separate Audio Program STEREO SOUND dbx companding (Spanish) L R
WIDE SCREEN HIGH DEFINITION DIGITAL DISPLAY SIGNAL TECHNOLOGY PROCESSING
WIDE SCREEN DESIRE FOR MOVIE-LIKE PRESENTATION vs. 4 X 3 (1. 33 : 1) TV DISPLAY STANDARD 35 mm MOVIE - 2. 1 : 1 CINEMASCOPE & PANAVISION 35 mm ANAMORPHIC 2. 40 : 1 1959 BEN-HUR 2. 76 : 1
1980’S ANALOG WIDE SCREEN TV – WHY NOT? A WIDER PICTURE WOULD REQUIRE MORE TRANSMITTED DATA TV CHANNEL WIDER THAN 6 MHz WAS NOT POSSIBLE ANY NEW SIGNAL CONFIGURATION WOULD HAVE TO BE COMPATIBLE FOR OLDER SETS POSSIBLE SOLUTION: TRANSMIT STANDARD 4 X 3 PICTURE AND ENCODE SIDE-PANELS BACK INTO MAIN CHANNEL SIMILAR TO THE TECHNIQUE FOR COLOR IN 1950’S
WIDE SCREEN / HIGH DEFINITION ACTIVITIES ELSEWHERE JAPAN - LATE 1970’S ‘MUSE’ SYSTEM 1125 LINES X 60 FRAMES EUROPE EBU – EARLY 1980’S ‘EUREKA’ 1250 LINES X 50 FRAMES
FORMATION OF ADVANCED TELEVISION SYSTEMS COMMITTEE (ATSC) 1982 A HANDFULL OF TV SET & BROADCAST COMPANIES TECHNICAL PROPOSALS DEMONSTRATIONS DISCUSSIONS
1993 ‘THE GRAND ALLIANCE’ AT&T, GENERAL INSTRUMENTS, MIT, PHILIPS, SARNOFF, THOMPSON & ZENITH 4 COMPETING DIGITAL SYSTEMS RESOLVED INTO 1 SYSTEM WITH MULTIPLE OPTIONS
WHY DIGITAL TV ? Analog B/W TV system dates to prior WW-2. Color was added in 1953 SO, IT’S OLD !!!! Technology marches on!! Nearly all the other household electronics devices are digital - - DVD, Audio CD, Camera, Computer, Satellite TV, Satellite Radio.
HISTORICAL DATES IN DEVELOPMENT of DIGITAL TV 1982 – Adv. TV Systems Committee formed (ATSC) (High Def. TV)
HISTORICAL DATES IN DEVELOPMENT of DIGITAL TV 1982 – Adv. TV Systems Committee formed (ATSC) (High Def. TV) 1982– 1992 Numerous HDTV System proposals & tests
HISTORICAL DATES IN DEVELOPMENT of DIGITAL TV 1982 – Adv. TV Systems Committee formed (ATSC) (High Def. TV) 1982– 1992 Numerous HDTV System proposals & tests 1993 – Formation of Grand Alliance –AT&T, Sarnoff Research, Philips, Thomson (RCA) & Zenith
HISTORICAL DATES IN DEVELOPMENT of DIGITAL TV 1982 – Adv. TV Systems Committee formed (ATSC) (High Def. TV) 1982– 1992 Numerous HDTV System proposals & tests 1993 – Formation of Grand Alliance –AT&T, Sarnoff Research, Philips, Thomson (RCA) & Zenith Feb 1995 – ATSC approves Digital TV Standard
HISTORICAL DATES IN DEVELOPMENT of DIGITAL TV 1982 – Adv. TV Systems Committee formed (ATSC) (High Def. TV) 1982– 1992 Numerous HDTV System proposals & tests 1993 – Formation of Grand Alliance –AT&T, Sarnoff Research, Philips, Thomson (RCA) & Zenith Feb 1995 – ATSC approves Digital TV Standard Nov 1998 – 10 largest markets begin broadcast
HISTORICAL DATES IN DEVELOPMENT of DIGITAL TV 1982 – Adv. TV Systems Committee formed (ATSC) (High Def. TV) 1982– 1992 Numerous HDTV System proposals & tests 1993 – Formation of Grand Alliance –AT&T, Sarnoff Research, Philips, Thomson (RCA) & Zenith Feb 1995 – ATSC approves Digital TV Standard Nov 1998 – 10 largest markets begin broadcast 2006 – All O-T-A stations broadcast only digital signal
BUREAUCRATIC ITEMS – FCC Comm. Act of 1996 Spectrum Recovery All future stations will be located between Ch. 7 & 51. Elimination of TV from Ch. 2 -6, 52 -69 Sale of these abandoned channels by lottery for use by safety, mobile phone and other services. Result: Mega$ to U. S. Treasury
ORIGINAL TV CHANNELS 1945 - 1982 O. T. A. TV CHANNELS 2 -6 7 - 13 14 - VHF 50 100 51 - 69 - 83 UHF 200 300 400 500 600 BROADCAST FREQUENCY (MHz) 700 900
REVISED TV CHANNELS 1982 & 1996 O. T. A. TV CHANNELS 2 -6 7 - 13 14 51 - 69 - 83 UHF VHF 50 100 - 200 300 400 500 600 BROADCAST FREQUENCY (MHz) 700 900
LOUISVILLE’S DIGITAL BROADCAST CHANNELS Call Letters Affil. Old New WAVE NBC 3 47 WHAS ABC 11 11 WLKY CBS 32 26 WDRB FOX 41 49 WKPC PBS 15 17 WBNA ION 21 8
ADVANTAGES 1. Noise-free picture
ADVANTAGES 1. Noise-free picture 2. Higher picture detail in same channel space
ADVANTAGES 1. Noise-free picture 2. Higher picture detail in same channel space 3. Wide-Screen Movie Picture format
NEW PICTURE SIZE 16 : 9 LENGTH TO WIDTH RATIO 16 9
NEW PICTURE SIZE 16 : 9 LENGTH TO WIDTH RATIO 16 : 9 4: 3
SCREEN SHAPE – PICTURE MISMATCH WIDE-SCREEN TV SHOW CONVENTIONAL 4: 3 TV SCREEN
ADVANTAGES 1. Noise-free picture 2. Higher picture detail in same channel space 3. Wide-Screen Movie Picture format 4. Multiple programs broadcast within one channel
DIGITAL CHANNEL BROADCAST CAPABILITY a b c d 4 – STD. DEF. PROGRAMS 1 – HIGH DEF. PROGRAM 1 CHANNEL
ADVANTAGES 1. Noise-free picture 2. Higher picture detail in same channel space 3. Wide-Screen Movie Picture format 4. Multiple programs broadcast within one channel 5. Less interference between stations
ADVANTAGES 1. Noise-free picture 2. Higher picture detail in same channel space 3. Wide-Screen Movie Picture format 4. Multiple programs broadcast within one channel 5. Less interference between stations 6. Greatly improved sound ( 5. 1 channels )
DOLBY 5. 1 CHANNEL SOUND L SW TV C R BOOM SOFA LR RR
DISADVANTAGES 1. Signal not compatible with existing receivers
DISADVANTAGES 1. Signal not compatible with existing receivers 2. Requires Set-top Box to adapt older sets
DISADVANTAGES 1. Signal not compatible with existing receivers 2. Requires Set-top Box to adapt older sets 3. Digital Cable, Digital Satellite & Digital O-T-A signals are not compatible with each other.
DISADVANTAGES 1. Signal not compatible with existing receivers 2. Requires Set-top Box to adapt older sets 3. Digital Cable, Digital Satellite & Digital O-T-A signals are not compatible with each other. 4. Reception area limited by ‘Cliff Effect’
PICTURE QUALITY THE ‘CLIFF EFFECT’ ‘WATERFALL’ CLEAR DIGITAL SNOW AN WEAK AL OG NONE 0 5 10 X DISTANCE FROM STATION TOWER - MILES
DISADVANTAGES 1. Signal not compatible with existing receivers 2. Requires Set-top Box to adapt older sets 3. Digital Cable, Digital Satellite & Digital O-T-A signals are not compatible with each other. 4. Reception area limited by ‘Cliff Effect’ 5. Requires ‘roof’ antenna to receive O-T-A broadcast. Most channels are UHF.
HOW DOES THE TV SET CREATE THE PICTURE?
DISCRETE - SEGMENTED PICTURE EXAMPLES: LCD, PLASMA, DMD/DLP, LCo. S PIXELS = Picture Elements Total Number = X (horizontal) x Y (vertical)
TWO TYPES of PICTURE SCANNING INTERLACED ODD Lines are Scanned, then EVEN lines Example: 1, 3, 5, 7 --- 239 , then 2, 4, 6, --- 240 PROGRESSIVE Lines are Scanned SEQUENTIALLY Example: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ------- 480
DIGITAL TV PICTURE STANDARDS FORMAT RESOLUTION ASPECT HORIZ. VERT. RATIO 4: 3 PIXEL COUNT Standard Def. 704 480 I Enhanced Def. 704 480 P High Def. 1280 720 P 16 : 9 921, 600 High Def. 1920 1080 I 16 : 9 2, 073, 600 4: 3 216, 000 4: 3 or 16: 9 Analog NTSC 450 equiv. 480 I 337, 920
WIDE SCREEN HIGH DEFINITION DIGITAL DISPLAY SIGNAL TECHNOLOGY PROCESSING
1. WHAT SIZE TV SET 2. SHOULD I OWN? 2. HOW FAR SHOULD I SIT 3. FROM A HIGH DEFINITION 4. TV SET?
ATSC RECOMMENDATION : 30 DEGREE VIEWING SPHERE 1 MINUTE OF ARC VA PER PIXEL VIEWING DISTANCE = 4 PICTURE HEIGHTS
ATSC RECOMMENDATION : 30 DEGREE VIEWING SPHERE 1 MINUTE OF ARC VA PER PIXEL VIEWING DISTANCE = 4 PICTURE HEIGHTS WIKIPEDIA: SEVERAL CRITERION FORMULA RELATING TO VISUAL ACUITY (VA) TABLE SUGGESTED BY BEST BUY STORES
Viewing Distance (VD) = DS NHR NVR 2 1 * CVR * t DS = Display Diagonal Length : 32” NHR = Display’s Horizontal Resolution (pixels) : 1920 NVR = Display’s Vertical Resolution (pixels) : 1080 CVR = Vertical Res of Video Being Displayed : 1080 t = tangent (personal visual acuity) : tan 1/60 deg. VD = 49. 94” = approx 4’ = approx 3 ph
LEE’S EQUATION WHICH GIVES SAME ANSWER Diagonal 2 1080 SINE VA D = 32 ; 1/60 DEG PIXEL = VIEWING DISTANCE SINE 1/60 DEG =. 000292 VIEW DIST = 50” 3. 1 PH
ATSC RECOMMENDATION : 30 DEGREE VIEWING SPHERE 1 MINUTE OF ARC VA PER PIXEL VIEWING DISTANCE = 4 PICTURE HEIGHTS WIKIPEDIA: SEVERAL CRITERION FORMULA RELATING TO VISUAL ACUITY (VA) TABLE SUGGESTED BY BEST BUY STORES LEE’S PERSONAL OBSERVATIONS SMALL PRINT AT BOTTOM OF PICTURE SIZE OF YOUR WALLET SIZE OF THE CAR YOU DROVE TO TV STORE
VIEWING DISTANCE - FEET HOW FAR AWAY SHOULD I SIT? Lee’s Observation 24 20 Best Buy Max. (6 ph) 16 12 4 ph Best Buy Min. (3 ph) 8 4 30 40 50 60 TV SCREEN SIZE – DIAGONAL INCHES 70
LEE’S THEOREM BASED ON OBSERVATIONS – PROOF LEFT UP TO THE STUDENTS OVER THE YEARS HOME TV SETS COST AN AVERAGE OF $400 +/-
Set Cost $ 1 k 800 600 400 B&W 1950 ’ 60 ’ 70 ’ 80 ’ 90 YEARS 2000 ’ 10 ’ 20
Set Cost $ 1 k 800 600 COLOR 400 B&W 1950 ’ 60 ’ 70 ’ 80 ’ 90 YEARS 2000 ’ 10 ’ 20
Set Cost $ 1 k 800 LARGE CRTs 30 – 36” 600 COLOR 400 B&W 1950 ’ 60 ’ 70 ’ 80 ’ 90 YEARS 2000 ’ 10 ’ 20
Set Cost $ PTV >40” 1 k 800 LARGE CRTs 30 – 36” 600 COLOR 400 B&W 1950 ’ 60 ’ 70 ’ 80 ’ 90 YEARS 2000 ’ 10 ’ 20
Set Cost $ PTV >40” 800 LARGE CRTs 30 – 36” 600 COLOR 400 B&W 1950 ’ 60 ’ 70 ’ 80 ’ 90 YEARS DIGITAL BROADCASTS BEGIN 1 k 2000 ’ 10 ’ 20
Set Cost $ PTV >40” 800 LARGE CRTs 30 – 36” 600 COLOR 400 B&W 1950 ’ 60 ’ 70 ’ 80 ’ 90 YEARS DIGITAL BROADCASTS BEGIN 1 k HD CRT 2000 HD LCD ’ 10 ’ 20
1960 - 2000 ZENITH RCA SONY MAGNAVOX PANASONIC MGA GE SANYO SYLVANIA PHILCO TOSHIBA
1960 - 2000 ZENITH RCA SONY MAGNAVOX PANASONIC MGA GE SANYO SYLVANIA PHILCO TOSHIBA 2014 SAMSUNG SONY LG VIZIO SHARP TOSHIBA PANASONIC PHILIPS/MAGNAVOX HAIER
TV PRODUCTS & DEVELOPMENTS WHICH HAVE DISAPPEARED VIDEO DISC Optical – Philips/Sony Vibrational – RCA/Thomson CABLE CARD Channel Tuning & Descrambling Authorization VIDEO TAPE PLAYER for home use STAND-ALONE DVR GHOST CANCELLATION Circuitry TELETEXT on TV
SMART TV - INTERNET, HDMI & USB CONNECTIONS
SMART TV 3 -D HDTV - - INTERNET, HDMI & USB CONNECTIONS SETS AVAILABLE – SOFTWARE SCARCE
SMART TV 3 -D HDTV - - INTERNET, HDMI & USB CONNECTIONS SETS AVAILABLE – SOFTWARE SCARCE 4 K ULTRA (UHD) - 3840 x 2160 PIXELS
SMART TV 3 -D HDTV - - INTERNET, HDMI & USB CONNECTIONS SETS AVAILABLE – SOFTWARE SCARCE 4 K ULTRA (UHD) - 3840 x 2160 PIXELS HAND-GESTURE REMOTE CONTROL


