Lectures Paed Dr Jana Javorčíková Ph D Seminars

Lectures: Paed. Dr. Jana Javorčíková, Ph. D. Seminars: Bc. Michael Eliot Dove Valid: Summer 2014, also for State exams in May 2015 2 credits No part of this presentation may be used without the autor´s consent.

Minneapolis, Minnesota

Sculpture Garden

Minneapolis Community and Technical College • http: //www. minneapolis. edu/Why. MCTC/Accessible-Location

Lecture 1 Introduction to American Studies What are the American Studies? What should students study in American Studies course? What should students do with what they study in American Studies course?

INTRODUCTION TO AMERICAN STUDIES What are the American Studies? Subject of study: history, politics, economics, jurisdiction, law, significant documents, INTERDISCIPLINARY education, philosophy, arts, music and many more. . . SCIENCE ? SUM OF INFORMATION?

SCIENCE SUM OF INFORMATION ON SOCIETY, CULTURE, INSTITUTIONS. . . HELP US TO BECOME LANGUAGEWISE AND CULUTREWISE COMPETENT

LANGUAGEWISE VS. CULTUREWISE Ms. Dash: It seems we need to stay longer on Saturday. Mr. Cruz: Ok. Ms. Dash: You will come, right? Mr. Cruz: Yes, yes. Well, Saturday is a special day. My son´s birthday. Ms. Dash: Oh, congratulations. Mr. Cruz: Thank you. I know you would understand. Ms. Dash: No problem. See you on Saturday. Read more at: Zelenka: Languagewise or Culturewise? O CU PEN LT UR E D SE E O CL TUR L CU

CULTUREWISE MEANS • Mastering the art of “crossing cultures”; • Mastering the ability to function in a culturally different environment.

American regions and territories

OTHER TOPOGRAPHICAL NAMES 1. THE BIBLE BELT – The South 2. THE BLACK BELT – Alabama or The South in general 3. THE SUN BELT – The South, The Southwest, also The Pacific West 4. THE FROST BELT – The North 5. THE CORN BELT – Indiana, Iowa, Illinois, Nissouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Minnesota 6. THE WHEAT BELT – Kansas, Nebraska, Missouri, Oklahoma, Dakotas 7. THE WILD WEST – The Southwest, Texas 8. THE TOBACCO BELT 9. THE PETROCHEMICAL BELT

STATE NAMES AND NICKNAMES Each state has a nickname which indicates its historical, political or geographical spectacularity. For example, California is nicknamed “The Golden State” because the sunsets there are “golden” (ACU).

OTHER STATE NICKNAMES: 1. The Sunshine State TOPOGRAPHY: HISTORY: INTERESTING FOOTNOTES:

OTHER STATE NICKNAMES: 2. The Grand Canyon State TOPOGRAPHY: HISTORY: INTERESTING FOOTNOTES:

OTHER STATE NICKNAMES: 3. The Last Frontier TOPOGRAPHY: HISTORY: INTERESTING FOOTNOTES:

OTHER STATE NICKNAMES: 4. The Centennial State TOPOGRAPHY: HISTORY: INTERESTING FOOTNOTES:

OTHER STATE NICKNAMES: 5. The Golden State TOPOGRAPHY: HISTORY: INTERESTING FOOTNOTES:

OTHER STATE NICKNAMES: 6. The Green Mountain State TOPOGRAPHY: HISTORY: INTERESTING FOOTNOTES:

OTHER STATE NICKNAMES: 7. The Equality State TOPOGRAPHY: HISTORY: INTERESTING FOOTNOTES:

OTHER STATE NICKNAMES: 8. The Bay State TOPOGRAPHY: HISTORY: INTERESTING FOOTNOTES:

OTHER STATE NICKNAMES: 9. The Lone Star State TOPOGRAPHY: HISTORY: INTERESTING FOOTNOTES:

OTHER STATE NICKNAMES: 10. The Magnolia State TOPOGRAPHY: HISTORY: INTERESTING FOOTNOTES:

OTHER STATE NICKNAMES: 11. The Aloha State TOPOGRAPHY: HISTORY: INTERESTING FOOTNOTES:

OTHER STATE NICKNAMES: 12. Washington DC TOPOGRAPHY: HISTORY: INTERESTING FOOTNOTES:

OTHER STATE NICKNAMES: 13. The Evergreen State TOPOGRAPHY: HISTORY: INTERESTING FOOTNOTES:

OTHER STATE NICKNAMES: 14. The Beehive State TOPOGRAPHY: HISTORY: INTERESTING FOOTNOTES: Bryce Canyon

Exam guide for lecture 1 • • • Explain the subject of American Studies Languewise vs. Culturewise Open vs. Closed culture 7 US regions and territories (acc. to Vobr) 9 informal names (belts, etc. ) 14 State nicknames and background info stemming from their ethymology

Lecture 2 Regional Varieties American Beliefs and Values (Breaking stereotypes related to the American society)

AMERICAN BELIEFS AND VALUES Two theories: There is a national identity vs. There is no national identity, just individual idiosyncracies

THE AMERICANS – STEREOTYPES (Survival Kit of Overseas Living; 2001) • • friendly optimistic outgoing informal hardworking religious wealthy extravagant • • • loud boastful rude superficial wasteful ignorant of the other countries • disrespectful of authority • lacking class consciousness • racially prejudiced

1. They say the Americans are friendly. . . Some socio-linguistic proofs of American friendliness: – – “how are you doing”, first name terms, “stop by whenever you pass by”, “call me if you need help”. BUT THEY MIGHT BE MISLEADING: • Ice breakers, conversation openers, small talk; • No indication of long-term friendships.

2. They say Americans are informal and have lack of class consciousness… Some examples of “American informal conduct”: • • • Seemingly disrespectful of authority; Referring to first name rather than one´s last name; Behaving in a direct way; Being rather “underdressed than overdressed”; Relationship : student – teacher.

SOME HISTORICAL REASONS FOR BEING INFORMAL • Declaration of Independence: “…all men are created equal…”(July 4, 1776). Consequences: • Questioning authorities • Informal behavior

CLASS IN AMERICA • Upper class – 1 % of the population, owns about a third of private wealth. • Upper middle class - white collar professionals with advanced post-secondary educational degrees and comfortable personal income • Lower middle class - Semi-professionals, have some college education • Working class - blue as well as white collar workers who have relatively low personal income • Lower class - the poor, alienated and marginalized members of society (Fusell, Notes on Class, pp. 173187)

3. They say the Americans are ignorant of other countries. . . • Lack geographical knowledge BUT: • no national curriculum • Little incentive to study languages

3. They say the Americans are religious. . . PARADOX: GOD EVERYWHERE • dollar bill – “In God We Trust” • In the court – take an oath on the Bible • 82 percent of questioned adult believe in God (Harris Poll, 2007) BUT: Strict separation of church and state in The First Amendment: “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof ” EFFECTS: no Christmas tree at public schools)

Harris Poll – 2007 - Internet research, 2455 adult respondents • Definition of being religious: “Something to worship” • 82 % of questioned adults believe in God BUT: • 35% believe in UFO’s, • 42% believe in Darwin’s theory of evolution • 21% believe in reincarnation STATISTICS MIGHT BE INCORRECT: many do not like to talk about it

5. They say Americans are racially prejudiced… Opinion research corporation for CNN: • opinion poll conducted in 2006 • 1700 respondents “…whites and blacks disagree on how serious the problem of racial bias is in the USA”

1. Today, how serious of an issue is racial bias in this country? Would you say the problem is very serious, somewhat serious, not too serious or not serious at all?

2. Have yourself ever been a victim of discrimination because of your race or ethnic group or not?

6. They say Americans are optimistic… • Research conducted by University of Medicine of New Jersey • 2000 respondents • Respondents aged 18 -65 • Research conducted in 2007 • The Americans are being more optimistic about personal future (83%) • Less about the future of their country (76%)

Overall life satisfaction

SOME HISTORICAL REASONS FOR LACK OF CLASS CONSCIOUSNESS No “aristocracy” (compared to Europe) BUT CLASS IS RECOGNIZABLE:

7. They say Americans are hardworking… • one of the most assessed values (God helps them who help themselves; Take care of today and tomorrow will take care of itself; A stich in time saves nine; Time is money) • American mentality – independent, self-sufficient, active, frugal, diligent • The average working hours in the USA – 40 • The average working hours in France – 35 • Unemployment number lower than 5% in U. S. (2005) BUT: Question of lifestyle

CONCLUSION “The whole idea of a stereotype is to simplify. Instead of going through the problem of all this great diversity - that it's this or maybe that - you have just one large statement; It is this”. (Chinua Achebe) Stereotypes are just a “crutch”; we should think critically and compare our own experience with stereotypical notions.

Exam guide for lecture 2 • Define a stereotype; • Popular notions about the Americans; • Disscuss the historical backgound to some popular stereotypes about the Americans.

Lecture 3 The Making of a “Nation of Immigrants” WAVES OF IMMIGRATION: 1607 -1680 – “The Founders” (Pilgrims, Quakers) – not a wave yet; 1680 -1776 – 1 st Wave of immigration: Afroamericans, Scottish, Irish, Germans CHEAP LABOUR FORCE

1820 -1890 – 2 nd wave of immigration: – also called “old immigration” – Germans, British, Scandinavians, Irish (WASP); – Reason to come: earnings. First attempts to regulate immigration: 1882 – First National Immigration Law 1885 – Ellis Island 1891 – Fitness Law

1890 -1930 – 3 rd wave of immigration: – also called “new immigration” “birds of passage” – East and South Europeans; – Reason to come: financial. RESULTS: 1870 – “Night Schools” 1892 – “The Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag”

After WWII – 4 th wave of immigration – skilled professionals – “brain drain” – 1970´s Portorican nurses, doctors, teachers

SOCIAL THEORIES AND METAPHORS Decade Soc. theory 1920´s Soc. metaphor Americanisation The Melting Pot Assimilation (1908, I. Zangwill) Example The Slovaks 1960 -80 Acculturation Salad Bowl (reciprocal cult. Pizza borrowings) Vegetable Soup The Japanese 1980 -90 Cultural The Hybrid, Pluralism grafting Multiculturalism Africanamericans

IMMIGRATION-RELATED TERMINOLOGY • Immigrant • Emigrant • Migrant • Brain drain • Boat people • Refugee • DP´s l Caucasian

Exam guide for lecture 3 • Name social metaphors and theories for the American society, give their political and historical background, verbalize your own opinion on them; • Immigration-related terminology; • Define waves of immigration to US.

Lectures: Paed. Dr. Jana Javorčíková, Ph. D. Lectures 4 -6

Lecture 4 THE POLITICAL SYSTEM Form of government: a representative democracy Political system: tripartite, non-parliamentary democr. Political principles: 1. separation of powers; 2. “checks and balances“ = The President proposes, but the Congress disposes (and the Jurisdiction checks)

Political lexicon • Government = vláda; forma vlády, napr. demokracia, oligarchia • Elections • Elector = volič • Electoral district = volebný obvod • Pre-registration = registrácia voliča • Vote = volebný hlas; voter = volič; voting booth, machine = plenta, volebný prístroj • Ballot = volebný lístok • Electoral college = zbor voliteľov • Elector = voliteľ, člen zboru voliteľov

Political lexicon 2 • Popular vote = väčšinové hlasovanie (výhra) • Winner-take-all basis = väčšinová výhra vo voľbách, väčšinový princíp • Proportional basis = proporčný, úmerný princíp • Safe state = štát s istým výsledkom volieb (napr. California = Democratic; New York = Republican) • Swing state = neistý, „prelietavý“ štát (napr. New Hampshire)

POLITICAL PARTIES DEMOCRATIC PARTY REPUBLICAN PARTY • MINORITIES • CATHOLICS • JEWS • INTELLECTUALS • CITY DWELLERS* • SOUTHENERS* • WASP • SUBURBS • BUSINESSMEN • PROFESSIONALS • RURAL* ARE GENERALLY MODERATE TO LIBERAL IN VIEWS ARE GENERALLY CONSERVATIVE TO MODERATE IN VIEWS

POLITICAL PLATFORMS DEMOCRATIC PARTY REPUBLICAN PARTY ABORTIONS: supports opposes, except in case of rape, incest and when mother’s life is endangered AFFIRMATIVE ACTION: supports opposes TUITION VOUCHERS: opposes supports TAX CUTS: less cuts proposes 5 -year, 483 USD cut GUN CONTROL: supports mandatory opposes adding new laws, supports research background checks, on smart guns trigger locks GAYS IN ARMY: supports “don’t ask – don’t tell policy“

POLITICAL PLATFORMS ARNOLD SCHWARTZNEGGER CASE = the Governator • REPUBLICAN SENATOR FOR CALIFORNIA • APPEALED TO: RICH, SKILLED PROFESSIONALS • MINORITIES: POOR, UNEDUCATED MEXICAN IMMIGRANTS

DEMOCRAT OR REPUBLICAN? • PRIVATE POSSESSION OF GUNS SHALL NOT BE RESTRICTED. • THE GOVERNMENT SHOULD HELP THE UNEMPLOYED TO JOIN TRAINING PROGRAMS TO EXTEND THEIR QUALIFICATION. • MILITARY EXPENSES SHOULD BE CUT DOWN IN FAVOUR OF EDUCATION. • EACH CITIZEN IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THEIR HEALTH. • HIGHER TAXES WILL HELP AMERICA. • THE GOVERNMENT SHOULD NOT INTERFERE INTO BUSINESS. • THE DECISION TO HAVE CHILDREN IS AN ENTIRELY PRIVATE MATTER. • FEDERAL ADMINISTRATION SHALL BE SIMPLIFIED.

PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS

DEMOCRATS PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS PRIMARY CAMPAIGN REPUBLICANS 2 YEARS EARLIER PRIMARY CAMPAIGN PRIMARY ELECTIONS PARTY CONVENTION (1 CANDIDATE) SEPTEMBER 1 CAMPAIGN GENERAL ELECTIONS 1 st Tuesday in Nov. ELECTORAL COLLEGE THE PRESIDENT

ELECTORAL COLLEGE • Slovak = “zbor voliteľov“ • Secures right of large states with low density of inhabitants (e. g. Colorado, Utah) = secures more per capita voting power to less populated states • Prevents an urban-centric victory • Each state has a number of electors = representatives in the Congress • Twice in the history of the USA the electoral college voted for a different candidate from the popular vote: 1872 = Horace Greeley (D) died; 1912 = Vice President Sherman died.

No. of electors = no. of Representatives in the Congress

Exam guide for lecture 4 Explain and translate: • Party convention; • Primary elections; • Party convention; • Electoral college; • General elections.

Lecture 5 THE SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION: • • • signed on Sept. 17 in Philadelphia, ratified in 1787; the superior law in the USA; cannot be contravened by any subordinate state law; has only 26 amendments; the first 10 amendments stipulated by 1791 form the “Bill of Rights”. They regulate civil rights and liberties; BUT: many vague spots: “citizen“, “property“, etc. grants and limits the powers of the national and state governments; expresses the liberties of the people; establishes a three-branch system of Federal Government: legislative, executive and judicial.

THE POLITICAL SYSTEM EXECUTIVE The President The Vice-Pres. Cabinet (13) LEGISLATIVE Congress The House of Representatives (435) JUDICIAL The Supreme Court The Senate Federal Courts (100) State Courts The Senator (Chief Justice and Representative in 8 Associate the Congress Justices) 4 -year term 2 -year term Can veto laws - Make Federal Laws Appoints officials - Levy fed. Taxes 6 -year term - Declare war - Put foreign treaties into effect Appointed for a life Interprets laws Hears appeal cases

THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH (THE PRESIDENT) FUNCTION: • responsible for administering and executing laws. The president is the head of the government and head of the state. PRESIDENT´S DUTIES: • recommends programs and laws to Congress and requests money for Federal Government operations; • appoints federal judges, ambassadors; • signs or vetoes bills.

THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH (THE SENATE, THE H. OF REPRESENTATIVES) FUNCTION: - to make the laws and to finance the operation of the government through levying taxes.

HOW THE CONGRESS OPERATES: Congress commences on January 3, of each oddnumbered year, and continues for 2 years, regardless of the number of regular of special occassions held. There must be one regular session each year. A Congressman is a member of either the Senate or the House of Representatives. However, a member of the Senate is usually reffered to as a Senator and a member of the House as a Congressman. The official title of a member of the House is "Representative in Congress".

THE SENATE Senators are elected to 6 -year terms. The Vice-President presides in the Senate. He is not one of the 100 members of the Senate and may vote only in case of a tie. THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The presiding officer of the House of Representatives is the Speaker, nominated by the minority party and elected by the members of the House at the beginning of each new Congress (on January 3) for the period of 2 years. The Speaker appoints the chairman to preside over the Committee, appoints all special committees. The Speaker may vote only in case of tie.

CHECKS AND BALANCES WHO DECLARES THE WAR? The President proposes but the Congress disposes (and the Jurisdiction checks).

Exam guide for lecture 5 • Name 3 branches of the US. Government and explain their function; • The Constitution, history, authorities, problems; • Explain: speaker, case of tie, Congressman, Senator.

Lecture 6 LAW, CRIME AND JUSTICE SOME HISTORICAL SOURCES OF US LAW: • • The Bible, The Scriptures; The Constitution; Common law; Case law.

THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM THE SUPREME COURT IN WASHINGTON, DC: • comprises of a Chief Justice and eight Associate Justices; • decides in cases affecting ambassadors, public representatives and consuls and those cases in which the State shall be a party; • mainly hears appeal cases from lower courts that involve constitutional issues;

THE SUPREME COURT. . . • has the power to review any executive or legislative action or law and declare it unconstitutional; • recently, the Supreme Court has received on average a hundred petitions a week to hear appeals from lower federal courts or to take cases directly to itself; • decides on about a hundred cases a year; • one of the nine Justices is appointed to write the Court’s reasoned opinion and when each Justice has had time to study the draft opinion, a vote is taken.

US DISTRICT COURTS: • • • 94 courts situated in all parts of the USA with each state having at least one court; are trial courts in which a single judge or jury decides each case); try cases, such as taxation, administrative regulations, bankruptcy but also robbery or currency fraud. US COURTS OF APPEALS: • • • 12 courts sitting in 11 judicial circuits and the Columbia DC; These courts (with from three to five judges) mainly hear appeals from the decisions of the US district courts; Most of their decisions are final and set a precedent for future similar cases).

Exam guide for lecture 6 Explain and translate: • The role of the Constitution; • Common law, case law; precedent • The Supreme Court, Courts of Appeal, District Courts; Trial Courts; Judicial circuit; • Petit Jury, Grand Jury.

Lectures: Paed. Dr. Jana Javorčíková, Ph. D. Lecture 7 THE ECONOMY

Lecture 7 THE US ECONOMY PREDISPOSITIONS: • • Fast urban growth in the 19 th ct. ; Rich natural resources; The advanced system of transportation; Wide and demanding market.

Henry Ford: 1905 – developed “Tin Lizzie“ Intensified urbanisation Changed employees to consumers 1944 – Lewitt-town (the first suburb)

THE US STOCK EXCHANGE • Stock-holders APPLE NO NAME GOOGLE • 1929 – “Black Friday“, the crisis IBM

HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT IN THE USA • Before 1600 – no economy/economics; • 1607 – first trading companies occured; • Until 1800 – economic sufficiency; • 1830 -1860 – beginning of US economic behavior and thought: reasons: agricultural advances HIGH technical inventions PRODUCTION transportation revolution immigration, urbanisation

RESULT: NECESSITY TO SET CERTAIN ECONOMIC RULES: 1. THE CLASSICAL SCHOOL 1848 – John Stuart Mill and Adam Smith “Principles of Political Economy“ 2. THE NEOCLASSICAL SCHOOL – US variant 1870 – Alfred Marshal: “Principles of Economics“ – popular until 1929

AFTER 1929 – beginning of thoughts on governmental intervention: DEREGULATION RESULTS: -Overproduction; -Deflation; -Full markets; -Underconsumpt ion; -Unemployment. -Governmental intervention e. g. 1906 – The Federal Food and Drugs Act -ban of false ads, etc.

KEYNSIAN ECONOMY • Fusion of protectionism and deregulation 1935 John Maynard Keynes: General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money: “When demand lags because people lack money to buy things they need, Government sould run a deficit – That is to spend more it takes from taxes – to provide economic stimulus“

After WWII • • • Post-Keynsian Era: Fiscal Policy = adjustment of taxing and spending Monetary policy = interest rates FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS: 1. Wall Street; 2. The Federal Reserve System 3. The Banking System

Exam guide for lecture 7 Explain and translate: • The Keynes´ system of economics; • Fiscal policy, monetary policy; • The history and social background to the mass production; • Famous American products and their supposed role in the Americanisation of other cultures.

Lectures: Paed. Dr. Jana Javorčíková, Ph. D. Lecture 8 US Education

Lecture 8 US EDUCATION THE SYSTEM OF EDUCATION : K-12 (kindergarten through 12 th grade) Structure 6+6 or 8+4 ELEMENTARY EDUCATION Creches (nursery schools), rare Kintergartens, co-sponsored by parents Elementary schools (1 -6 th grade), (1 st grade = 5 years of age) SECONDARY EDUCATION 4 -year High School (7 -12 th grade): Junior high schools (7 -9 th grade), „nižšie stredné školy“ Middle schools (optional), (senior) High School (10 -12 th grade) HIGHER EDUCATION Junior Colleges, Technical institutes, Carreer sch. , Undergraduate studies, = “pomaturitné štúdium“ Community and Technical Colleges /Colleges (2, 4 yr), Postgraduate studies (Ph. D. )

SPECIFICS of the US system • TYPES OF EDUCATION (ŠVEC, 1995): - Comprehensive (secondary) education = všeobecné vzdelávanie -povinná 8 -ročná školská dochádzka(SK) vs. K 12 • LEVELS - 1. , 2 stupeň = 1 st level (elementary school), 2 nd level (junior high) - Colleges = pomaturitné štúdium • SPECIFIC SCHOOL SUBJECTS - Občianska náuka = equivalent = community education, public achievement project citizenship education

SPECIFICS of the SK system -málotriedna škola = few-class-school, village school -plnoorganizovaná škola – poloorganizovaná škola = small school - škola so spojenými ročníkmi = mixed-age grade, joint grades - Lektor = native speaker - “domáci učiteľ“ = (Slovak) teacher of English, - Hungarian teacher of English in Slovakia

CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES OF THE US SCHOOL SYSTEM 1. NO NATIONAL SYSTEM OF EDUCATION (qualifications, standards, subventions, syllabuses, coursebooks, tests vary from district to district); 2. RELIGIOUS LIBERALISM; 3. COEDUCATION; 4. FINANCIAL LOCALISM; 5. DESEGREGATION - busing.

PHILOSOPHICAL BACKGROUND TO US EDUCATION • PURITANISM • UTILITARISM, PRAGMATISM – John Dewey (1859 -1952) • PROGRESSIVISM • OPEN EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY

PROBLEMATIC ISSUES OF THE US EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM • AFFIRMATIVE ACTION = “positive discrimination“

MAJORITY RULE vs. MINORITY RIGHT? SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE 1 st Amendment: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or the free exercise thereof. “WALL OF SEPARATION“ INFLUENCE: • Holidays; • Political parties; • Shops.

DENOMINATIONS IN THE USA 1999 CATHOLIC PROTESTANT 28% 59% -BABTISTS -METHODISTS 19% 10% -MORMONS 1% JEWS MUSLIMS BUDDHISTS HINDUS 2% (5. 500. 000) 1. 4% (3. 950. 000) 0. 7% (2. 000) 0. 1% (70. 000) ATHEISTS 0. 3% (925. 000)

ALTERNATIVES FOR SCHOOL PRAYERS: • TRADITIONAL SCHOOL PRAYERS • NO PRAYERS AT PUBLIC SCHOOLS • NONDENOMINATIONAL PRAYERS: Almighty God, we acknowledge our dependence upon Thee, and we beg Thy Blessings upon us, our parents, our teachers and our country. • SILENT • PRAYER CLUBS Counterargument: All these use public facilities or teacher´s time

Exam guide for lecture 8 Explain and translate: • GI´ Bill • Creches, kindergarten, primary school, junior school, middle school, high school, freshman, sophomore, community college, university; • Co-educational schools, affirmative action.

Lectures: Paed. Dr. Jana Javorčíková, Ph. D. Lectures 9 The Media

US NEWSPAPERS MAGAZINES AND NEWS AGENCIES No “truly national“ newspaper but USA Today Serious press: The Wall Street Journal The Washington Post´s The New York Times The Philadelphia Enquirer • has narrower “spin“ = “space“ for subjective interpretation, e. g. Terrorists attacked one of Boston Suburbs • Freedom fighters showed their power in Boston.

THE US NEWSPAPERS AND JOURNALS Newspapers: National Geographic, Reader´s Digest Cosmopolitan, Vogue Time, Newsweek

• Yellow press: • Sensational news, celebrity gossiping • has wider “spin“

THE US RADIO AND TV TV NETWORKS: - PBS (Public Broadcasting Service) - ABC (American Broadcasting Company) - CBS (Columbia Broadcasting Company) - NBC (National Broadcasting Company)

- Famous shows: - The Oprah show – PERSONAL MATTERS, sex-change hospitals, body loss or gain. . . - http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=-n. RKE 6 yp. Pdc - The Martha Steward show – gardening and household http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=e. Ngg. RC 2 eekg - The Late Night Show with Craig Fergusson (hot spot political topics, exaggeration) • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=M 4 k. Ft. O 2 g_Xw • Dating shows: The Bachelor, • sports shows, The Contender – boxing (1 st suicide after being eliminated) • Singing contests: The American Idol, • Reality shows. The Apprentice, Tracing the Ancestors

US ADVERTISING Read more at: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Advertising History: Lost and found soap-box Psychological analysis of advertising: 1. Awareness 2. Knowledge 3. Liking 4. Preference 5. Conviction 6. Purchase

METHODS OF ADVERTISING Press ads: classified ads Visual ads: wall paintings, billboards, mobile billboards, human billboards

METHODS OF ADVERTISING Radio/audio ads: jingles Visual TV ads: infomercials = impulse purchase New forms: guerilla ads = product placement celebrity branding e-mail spam

METHODS OF ADVERTISING

Exam guide for lecture 9 Explain and translate: • Tabloid press, serious press; • US TV networks; • Advertising, forms of advertising.

Lectures: Paed. Dr. Jana Javorčíková, Ph. D. Lecture 10 The Arts

Lecture 10 THE ARTS

MAJOR INFLUENCE: WWII ECONOMY War-time shortage vs. post-war luxury throwaway comsumerism SOCIETY Women – fashion (Twiggy) SCIENCE Cold war, Arms and space race -Teenagers -part-time jobs inventions discotheques – - Cars (Tinny Lizzie; drive-ins Cadillac) aluminium - Suburban houses -Youth folio, nylon - Baby Boom -(J. F. K)

EFFECTS OF NEW AGE 1. New “social class“ consumers 2. Traditional social ideas - traditional sustainable Puritan values throwaway society (“temporal”, “replaceable”)

SOCIAL BACKGROUND OF THE ARTS Influences: • new targets (mass culture); • new topics (sex, drugs and psychedelic visions; • new materials (plastic); • new techniques (slanting print, colage). • Visual Arts, • Architecture, design, • Music, film and movies, • Theatre.

VISUAL ARTS – HISTORY SCHOOL/ CHARACTERISTICS PERIOD REPRESENTATIVES 17 th ct imitation of English styles/portraits Charles Wilson Peale 18 th ct Hudson River school – more professional portraits (still flat) of patrons/landscape Benjamin West John Copley Before 1 st generation of Hudson River the Civil School War Scenes of the lives of the fur traders, boatmen around the Mississippi; romantic portraiture; genre painting Thomas Cole Gilbert Stuart John Trumbull Albert Bierstadt

VISUAL ARTS – HISTORY SCHOOL/ PERIOD CHARACTERISTICS REPRESENTATIVES After the Civil War 2 nd generation of Hudson School; realism, historical paintings Winslow Homer Thomas Eakins Modern Art Before WWI 20 th ct Avantgarde group “The 8“ - urban motifs Abstract art: - reaction to Cubism (Max Weber); Futurism: - expressing violent, active qualities of modern life, machines, science (Joseph Stella) Realism: (Edward Hopper; Andrew Wyeth) John Sloan

Thomas Eakins

Winslow Homer

Modernism • celebration of technical advances Joseph Stella

Edward Hopper • Modernism • Illustrations of modern • social phenomena: • Loneliness of big cities

VISUAL ART AFTER WWII Abstract Expressionism - reinterpretation of abstract paintings in terms of strong colours of Expressionism Representatives: Jackson Pollock; Willem De Koonig; Mark Rothko

VISUAL ART AFTER WWII Pop art (Popular art): • Popular in the 1960´s, shows ordinary objects, such as advertisements. Jasper Johns. Andy Warhol. Roy Lichtenstein Op art (Optical art) optical illusions: Frank Stella • Minimalism: simple ideas or patterns; often repeated: Barnett Newman

ARCHITECTURE • English, French influences • Neogothic style (Harvard) • Frank Lloyd Wright • Frank Gehry

FILMS AND MOVIES • Hollywood, a district in LA, California Sunset Boulevard Walk of Fame

THEATRE 1 st THEATRICAL ATTEMPTS - “Show boats“ on the Mississippi River BROADWAY - One of the oldest streets in NY - Main focus: tourists - Main genres: light (comedies, musicals: Cats, Mamma Mia)

THEATRE OFF BROADWAY - founded: 1960´s - Main focus: artsy, intellectual plays - Main genres: serious plays OFF BROADWAY - After 1960´s - Provocative, experimental, postmodern plays - Theatrical methods: total theatre

Exam guide for lecture 10 Explain and translate: • Pop-art, minimalism, installations; • Famous Painting schools, genre painting, portraits; •