Lecture: The Abolition Movement Objective: to understand the origins of the abolition movement, to evaluate the influence abolitionists had on the antislavery movement.
How did abolitionists influence the antislavery movement?
Abolition • Definition: A complete end to slavery • Abolitionist: some one that works toward a complete end to slavery. • Emancipation: The immediate freedom from the control of another person.
Early Efforts to End Slavery • 1800 s - slavery ended in Northern states, continued in the South • The Quakers led many of the antislavery groups
The first abolitionists were Quakers and free blacks. • George fox • Religion: Slavery Immoral • Freed Slaves • All Equal under God • Propaganda: brochures, travels, meetings.
Spreading the Message • Newspapers/Books – The Liberator: poetry and literature – The North Star & Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass • Speaking Tours – Some white activist: Angelina and Sarah Grimke – Freed African Americans: Frederick Douglass, Sojourner Truth… • Groups – American Anti-Slavery Society: wanted an end to slavery immediately
• Benjamin Banneker was a free black born in Maryland. • Published an almanac that rivaled Franklin's for accuracy • achievements as proof that intelligence is not a factor of skin color.
American Colonization Society • The American Colonization Society • Formed in 1816 - VI • The first African American settled in Liberia • 1822 and 1865 between 12, 000 and 20, 000 African Americans • Despite their efforts, slavery grew during this time • Most African Americans resisted
When and by whom was the American Colonization Society formed? A. In 1816 by abolitionists from Massachusetts B. In 1816 by white Virginians A. C. In 1820 by transcendentalists B. D. In 1820 by former enslaved C. African Americans. D. A B C D
William Lloyd Garrison • Religion and natural rights • Extreme/harsh • Liberator News paper
“I am aware that many object to the severity of my language; but is there not cause for severity? I will be as harsh as truth, and as uncompromising as justice. On this subject I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. . . I will not equivocate – I will not excuse – I will not retreat a single inch – and I WILL BE HEARD!” -- William Lloyd Garrison
Elijah P. Lovejoy • Printed Abolitionist propaganda, prohibitionist • Killed for his beliefs
• In the North, free blacks involved in the abolition movement. • Could tell of slavery's horrors based on personal experience.
Henry Highland Garnett and Frederick Douglass.
Black women such as Sojourner Truth and Harriet Tubman also played major roles in the antislavery movement.
The Underground Railroad • Underground Railroad: network of escape routes from the South to the North • Passengers traveled at night • Stations (Barns, basements, and attics) • Conductors : whites and African Americans who helped the runaways to freedom in Northern States and Canada
Quilt Patterns • Monkey Wrench • Bow tie Drunkard’s Path Bear Claw Trail
2 Although the Underground Railroad was able to help only a small number of slaves, how did it empower the Abolitionist movement? A. It gave abolitionists a practical way to help enslaved African Americans. A. A B. B It helped create a better railway C. system in the Southern United States. C It helped to educate slaveholders. D. D B. It helped raise money to buy freedom for slaves. C. D.
Clashes Over Abolitionism • Many Southerners opposed the idea of ending slavery • Threatened Southern Economy and lifestly • Only a small percentage of Northerners were abolitionists • Many Northerners saw the Antislavery movement as a threat. • Many Northerners believed that once freed African Americans could not blend into American society • Many Northerners feared they would lose their jobs to emancipated workers who would work for less money
The South Reacts • Southerners defended slavery • Said that slavery was essential to the Southern economy and allowed Southern whites to reach a high level of culture • Southerners said they treated slaves well • They said the system of slavery provided food, clothing, and medical care to its workers
North v. South • South: – Slavery Necessary – Treat slaves well – Based on racism • North: – – – Most believed slavery was wrong, but… Freed slaves would not blend in Take jobs from white men Begin a war between the North & South Did not want slavery to expand west
Which of the following arguments did pro-slavery Southerners use against abolition? A. They claimed that slave labor was essential to the South, allowing Southern whites to reach a high level of culture. B. They argued that many abolitionists were also secretly slaveholders. C. D. A. A They argued that abolitionists only B. B wanted to free enslaved workers so that they could work in Northern factories. C C. They stated that abolitionists wanted to steal D. D Southerners’ farms.
How did abolitionists influence the antislavery movement? 1. Published antislavery newspapers 2. Organized antislavery societies 3. Bought enslaved workers to free them and send them abroad 4. Lectured and wrote books to promote their views 5. Helped enslaved Africans escape to the North on the Underground Railroad
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