Lecture 4 IT Systems Planning and Simulation Information

Lecture 4 IT Systems Planning and Simulation Information and Telecommunication System Design

Supplemental texts 2 1. Thomas Muth. Modeling Telecom Networks and Systems Architecture: Conceptual Tools and Formal Methods. - Springer, 2001 2. Arnold Bragg (Editor). Recent Advances in Modeling and Simulation Tools for Communication Networks and Services. - Springer, 2010 Information and Telecommunication System Design

Lecture Outline v Network Planning; v Techno-economical Evaluation; v Network Design; v Network Analysis and Simulation. Information and Telecommunication System Design 3

Planning Horizon in Telecom v Important problems in network rollout: – – social; economic; regulatory; political. v Short-term planning: days or weeks; v Mid-term planning: less than 1 year; v Long-term planning: about 5 years. Information and Telecommunication System Design 4

What is Network Planning 5 v Network planning can be said a composition of the certain activities which are carried out to achieve the defined goal; v The activities are performed in a way that the goal is achieved in an economical or costeffective and an efficient way; v The efficiency and cost effectiveness are achieved by optimization planning processes; v Network planning involves the efficient deployment and management of communication facilities over time. Information and Telecommunication System Design

Why Network Planning v Find the right balance between inventory, transportation and manufacturing costs; v Match supply and demand under uncertainty by positioning and managing inventory effectively; v Utilize resources effectively by sourcing products from the most appropriate manufacturing facility. Information and Telecommunication System Design 6

Three Hierarchical Steps v Network design: – – v Inventory positioning: – – v Number, locations and size of manufacturing plants and warehouses; Assignment of retail outlets to warehouses; Major sourcing decisions; Typical planning horizon is a few years; Identifying stocking points; Selecting facilities that will produce to stock and thus keep inventory; Facilities that will produce to order and hence keep no inventory; Related to the inventory management strategies; Resource allocation: – – – Determine whether production and packaging of different products is done at the right facility; What should be the plants sourcing strategies? How much capacity each plant should have to meet seasonal demand? Information and Telecommunication System Design 7

Network Design v Physical configuration and infrastructure of the supply chain; v A strategic decision with long-lasting effects on the firm; v Decisions relating to plant and warehouse location as well as distribution and sourcing. Information and Telecommunication System Design 8

Simple Planning Process Description Information and Telecommunication System Design 9

Network Architecture 10 v Backbone Network is called the highest level of hierarchy. The nodes correspond to this hierarchy called Main Nodes (MN). The lines are called as backbone lines; v Distribution Network is an extension of backbone network. It extends the backbone network. The capacity of and span of distribution network is usually short. The nodes of distribution network are called Distribution Node (DN); v Access Network: The last mile network consists of end users of networks. The nodes of Access network are represented as Network Termination (NT). Information and Telecommunication System Design

Network Planning v Strategic network planning process: − − developing a network deployment plan; what investments should be made; v Two main inputs: – – overall bandwidth demand keeps growing; equipment cost is typically decreasing. Information and Telecommunication System Design 11

Planning by Network Levels Information and Telecommunication System Design 12

Planning By Network Levels (cont. ) Information and Telecommunication System Design 13

Capacity Planning 14 v Capacity planning involves trying to determine the amount of network bandwidth necessary to support an application or a set of applications; v A number of techniques exist for performing capacity planning, including linear projection, computer simulation, benchmarking, and analytical modeling: – – linear projection involves predicting one or more network capacities based on the current network parameters and multiplying by some constant; a computer simulation involves modeling an existing system or proposed system using a computer-based simulation tool; benchmarking involves generating system statistics under a controlled environment and then comparing those statistics against known measurements; analytical modeling involves the creation of mathematical equations to calculate various network values. Information and Telecommunication System Design

Feasibility Studies 15 v Technically feasible means the proposed system can be created and implemented using currently existing technology; v Financially feasible means the proposed system can be built given the company’s current financial ability; v Operationally feasible means the system operates as designed and implemented; v Time feasible means the system can be constructed in an agreed upon time frame. Information and Telecommunication System Design

Network and RF Planning v Planning means building a network able to provide service to the customers wherever they are; v The steps are: – – – – system requirements; define radio planning; initial network plan; surveys; individual site design; implementation; launch of service; on-going testing. Information and Telecommunication System Design 16

Example: Planning for Cellular Network v Coverage as required and predicted; v Co channel and adjacent channel interference levels as predicted for maintaining good quality of service; v Minimum antenna adjustments during the optimization process; v Maximum the network capacity (Erl/km 2) with limited frequency band (MHz) by reusing the same frequencies; v Minimum changes to the BSS parameters/database during the optimization phase; v Facilitate easy expansion of the network with minimal changes in the system. Information and Telecommunication System Design 17

Example: Frequency Planning v Frequency reuse patterns; v Interference calculations; v Automatic frequency allocation. Information and Telecommunication System Design 18

Network Planning Tools ITU/BDT Network Planning/ Supporting Tools - O. G. S. , Lecture NP - 5. 1 Information and Telecommunication System Design 19

Techno-economical Evaluation 20 v Service Demand Projection; v Evaluation of network resources and associated investment; v Evaluation of revenues for given tariffs and installation rate; v Modeling multiple resource lifetimes; v Modeling multiple time periods; v Modeling of demand elasticity; v Interrelation between network growth and operational cost; v Cost assignment as a function of utilization rates. Information and Telecommunication System Design

Detailed techno-economic methodology v Four typical steps for telecom planning: − − collecting the required input (technology, market, target area); modeling the costs and revenues; actual techno-economic evaluation; refine techno-economic evaluation. Information and Telecommunication System Design 21

Scope v Collect input information: – – the actors involved in the network and service offering will be analyzed; technology information, discussions with equipment vendors and telecom operators; v Subdivide the problem: – structure and aggregate all input information; v Process input information into logical input models for the further calculations. Information and Telecommunication System Design 22

Spectrum management: regulator challenges Agreements (ITU, regional, …) Allocations, allotments, assignments Maps, Images Database Equipment, Sites, Stations ATDI Information and Telecommunication System Design 23

Model 24 v Different approaches: – – top-down method; bottom-up method; v Level of detail: – – – fractional models; driver based models; dedicated dimensioning models; Information and Telecommunication System Design

Methodologies, Models, Tools and Techniques v A system development methodology –provides guidelines to follow for completing every activity in the systems development life cycle; v A model is a representation of some important aspect of the real world: some models used in system development: – » » flowchart, DFD, ERD, structure charts; use case diagrams, class diagrams, seq. diagrams; some models used to manage the development process: – » » PERT charts, Gantt chart organ. Hierarchy chart; financial analysis models –NPV, ROI. Information and Telecommunication System Design 25

Evaluate v Investment analysis; v Value network analysis: – roles and actors; – value networks. Information and Telecommunication System Design 26

Refine v Sensitivity analysis; v Real option valuation; v Game theory. Information and Telecommunication System Design 27

Design and Optimization v Design: – – – Verifying user demand data; Microcell, picocell and femtocell modeling and frequency planning; Equipment collecting; Regulatory filings and compliance; Identifying equipment locations; Final system designs; v Optimization: – – – – Testing network elements; Tuning the network for performance; Identifying elements that need to be upgraded or replaced; Providing high level reports; Performing functional and system drive testing; Test plan development; Equipment capacity expansion analysis. Information and Telecommunication System Design 28

Network Design v Integrate network needs of new system into existing network infrastructure; v Describe processing activity and network connectivity at each system location; v Describe communications protocols and middleware that connects layers; v Ensure that network capacity is sufficient: – – Data size per access type and average; Peak number of access per minute or hour. Information and Telecommunication System Design 29

Network Life Cycle 30 Plan Design Retire Optimize Implement Operate Priscilla Oppenheimer Information and Telecommunication System Design

Network Design Steps v Phase 1 – Analyze Requirements: – – Analyze business goals and constraints; Analyze technical goals and tradeoffs; Characterize the existing network; Characterize network traffic. Information and Telecommunication System Design 31

Network Design Steps (cont. ) v Phase 2 – Logical Network Design: – – – Design a network topology; Design models for addressing and naming; Select switching and routing protocols; Develop network security strategies; Develop network management strategies. Information and Telecommunication System Design 32

Network Design Steps (cont. ) v Phase 3 – Physical Network Design: – – Select technologies and devices for campus networks; Select technologies and devices for enterprise networks. Information and Telecommunication System Design 33

Network Design Steps (cont. ) v Phase 4 – Testing, Optimizing, and Documenting the Network Design: – – – Test the network design; Optimize the network design; Document the network design. Information and Telecommunication System Design 34

Analysis and Simulation 35 v Develop proprietary network protocols and technologies; v Evaluate enhancements to standards-based protocols; v Test and demonstrate technology designs in realistic scenarios before production; v Increase R&D productivity and accelerate time-to-market. Information and Telecommunication System Design

Modeling Platform for Network Planning Information and Telecommunication System Design 36

Simulation “hierarchy” Event driven simulations: ns 2, Opnet Networks Time driven simulations: SPW, Cossap, Simulink/Matlab DSP Links Circuits 37 Packets, messages, flows Waveforms RF Technology Algorithm simulations: Circuit simulations: RF simulations: TI Code. Composer NC-{VHDL/Verilog}, Scirroco PSpice, ADS, XFDTD http: //www. winlab. rutgers. edu/ Information and Telecommunication System Design

Methodology 38 v Ideally model is a perfect replica of the real system – hard to do; v Instead we introduce approximations to reduce complexity or run-time: – Modeling level – simplification of the specific functions; – Performance evaluation level – estimation of performance measures. Information and Telecommunication System Design

Methodology (cont. ) 39 v Modeling: – System Modeling - highest level of description; complexity reduction; – Device Modeling – block or subsystem (e. g. transfer function – on every clock cycle: "input-transferoutput”); – Random Process Modeling: » Source random process (imitated with pseudo random number generator – RNG); » Time-variant random channel; » Equivalent random process (ERP). Information and Telecommunication System Design

Contemporary Software Platform Trends 40 v Linux and open-source software: Produced by community of programmers, free and modifiable by user; linux: Open-source software OS; – – v Java: – – – » v Ajax: – – object-oriented programming language (Sun Microsystems); operating system, processor-independent (Java Virtual Machine); leading programming environment for Web: Applets, E-commerce applications; asynchronous Java. Script and XML; allows client and server to exchange small pieces of data without requiring the page to be reloaded. Information and Telecommunication System Design

Example of Voice/Data/Video Architecture Information and Telecommunication System Design 41

Example of Wireless Network Architecture Information and Telecommunication System Design 42

Example of Enterprise Network Model Information and Telecommunication System Design 43

Example: 4 G Mobile Communication System Digital Broadcasting Cell ITS SDR/Multi-mode Terminal 4 G Network Micro-Cell BWA Macro-Cell • 20 -155 Mbps • 3, 40 GHz band • Fixed User • Metropolitan Area 4 G Mobile • Over 2 -10 Mbps • 2 -10 GHz Band • Vehicular Environments • Medium Area WPN Indoor Cordless • 1 -155 Mbps • 2. 4, 5, 60 GHz band • Fixed/ Slow Mobility • Small Private Area Information and Telecommunication System Design 44 PSTN ISDN IP Back bone/ Internet

References v Sofie Verbrugge, Koen Casier, Jan Van Ooteghem, Bart Lannoo “Practical steps in techno-economic evaluation of network deployment planning”; v www. winlab. rutgers. edu. v www. cisco. com. Information and Telecommunication System Design 45