LECTURE 1 LANGUAGE AND LEXICOLOGY OUTLINE 1 THE

LECTURE 1 LANGUAGE AND LEXICOLOGY OUTLINE: 1. THE OBJECT OF LEXICOLOGY 2. THE MAIN BRANCHES OF LEXICOLOGY 3. LEXICOLOGY AND OTHER BRANCHES OF LINGUISTICS

1. THE OBJECT OF LEXICOLOGY From Greek “lexis” means “word” + ‘logos’ denotes “learning”. Lexicology is a branch of linguistics concerned with the meaning and use of words and with the vocabulary of a language. Modern English Lexicology aims at giving a systematic description of the word stock of Modern English.

THE WORD is the basic unit of the lexical system of a language resulting from the association of a particular meaning with a particular group of sounds capable of a particular grammatical employment. It is the smallest language unit that can stand alone as a complete utterance.

2. THE BRANCHES OF LEXICOLOGY o Etymology o Morphology (Word Formation) o Semantics o Phraseology o Lexicography

LEXICOLOGY GENERAL SPECIAL: v DESCRIPTIVE v HISTORICAL

3. LEXICOLOGY AND OTHER BRANCHES OF LINGUISTICS o Phonetics → sounds (Phonology → phonemes) o Grammar/Morphology → morphemes o Grammar/Syntax → word-groups, sentences o Stylistics → stylistic word value o The History of the Language → language system in development

LECTURE 2 WORD AS A BASIC UNIT OF LEXICOLOGY OUTLINE: 1. WORD AND ITS DEFINITION 2. TYPES OF WORD

1. WORD AND ITS DEFINITION Antoine Millet: «The association of a given sense with a given group of sounds capable of a given grammatical use» . Millet’s definition shows a combination of meaning and sound with special emphasis on grammatical use. It is an advisable definition but does not include the concept of how a word is formed.

Л. С. Бархударов: “Последовательность морфем (в простейшем случае – одна морфема), внутри которой не может быть вставлена другая такая же последовательность морфем. ”

E. M. Mednicova: “The basic unit of language. It directly corresponds to the object of thought (referent) which is a generalized reverberation of a certain “slice”, “piece” of objective reality – and by immediately referring to it names the thing meant. ”

G. B. Antrushina: “A speech unit used for the purposes of human communication, materially representing a group of sounds, possessing a meaning, susceptible to grammatical employment and characterized by formal and semantic unity. ”

TYPES OF WORD 1. SEMANTICALLY: vmonosemantic words nice vpolysemantic words case 2. SYNTACTICALLY: vcategorematic (notional) fellow vsyncategorematic (form) will (auxiliary verb)

3. STYLISTICALLY: v v neutral wife elevated (bookish)spouse colloquial better half substandard sweetie

4. ETYMOLOGICALLY : vnative tree, red, mother vborrowed dance, pleasure, plaintiff, hamburger vhybrid goddess, beautiful vinternational sputnic, coffee, chocolate, television, grapefruit

5. MORPHOLOGICALLY : vmonomorphemic (root) teach, done vpolymorphemic (compounds) teacher, undone

Practice № 1: Analyze words “IMPETUOUS” and “HIGHBROW” according to Mednicova’s classification. E. G. LORD – POLYSEMANTIC CATEGOREMATIC ELEVATED BORROWED MONOMORPHEMIC