LEARNING POWER SYSTEMS BEYOND CLASS AND CONTROL ROOM

THE FIRST ROMAN ALPHABET • TRY WRITING THE SPECIFICATIONS OF “A” • AA A A A A A

A LITTLE PHILOSOPHY TO BEGIN WITH ……. • 2500 years ago a Greek philosopher Heraclitus said…. “ No one man can enter the same river twice. . ” “……. . change alone is unchanging”

THE SYSTEM THE RESOURCES THE PEOPLE

THE RESOURCES COMPUTER METHODS • • POWER SYSTEM ECONOMICS • POWER SYSTEM ENGINEERING • POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS • POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION • POWER SYSTEM PLANNING • POWER SYSTEM STABILITY • POWER SYSTEM OPERATION • POWER SYSTEM REGULATION • POWER SYSTEM RESTORATION • POWER POOLS • POWER SYSTEM MATHS • CONTROL SYSTEMS • RELIABILITY • • • • REACTIVE POWER CONTROL SCADA SIMULATION/TRAINING HUMAN ASPECTS IMPORTANT REPORTS ON INDIAN POWER SYSTEM NOVELS IEGC BIBILOGRAPHY WEB SITES MAGAZINES DISCUSSION FORA LEARNING TOOLS TRANSMISSION AND DISTRBN

COMPUTER METHODS COMPUTER METHOD IN POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS. STAGG AND EL-ABIAD MATRIX OPERATION ON THE COMPUTER BHINID, OXFORD & 1 BH PUB COMPUTER TECHNIQUE IN POWER SYSTEM ANALYS M. A. PAI TMH NEW-DELHI NUMERICAL MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS S. B. SCARFORMGHOXFERD&IBLL COMPUTER BASED NUMERICAL ALGORITHM E. V. KRISHNAMURTY P. S. K. SAN EAST WEST PVT. SYSTEM SIMULATION WITH DIGITAL COMPUTER DEO; PHI NUMERICAL METHODS SOFTWARE AND ANALYSIS JOHN R. RICE COMPUTER-AIDED POWER SYSTEMS ANALYSIS GEORGE. L. KUSIE CALCULATION AND PROGRAMS FOR POWER SYSTEM NETWORKS Y. WALLAEH COMPUTER MODELLING OF ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS J. ARRILLAGA AND E. P. ARNOLD AND B. J. HARKER

POWER SYSTEM REGULATION THE INDIAN ELECTRICITY ACT 1910 CEGB INDIAN ELECTRICITY RULES 1956 CEGB ELECTRICITY (SUPPLY) ACT 1948 CEGB INDIAN ELECTRICITY ACT, 1910` T. N. SHUKLA ELECTRICITY (SUPPLY)ACT, 1948 T. N. SHUKLA INDIAN ELECTRICITY RULES -1956 T. N. SHUKLA INDIAN ELECTRICITY ACT , 1910 KAMAL LAW HOUSE . CAL DEREGULATION OF THE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY INDUSTRY INTERNATIONAL STATUS OF DEREGULATION REFORMS CENTRAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICITY POWER INDUSTRY SEP-1995 REGULATING REGIONAL POWER SYSTEMS ANDREWS REGULATION DEREGULATION AND REREGULATION WORLD BANK ENERGY DEPT

POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS

POWER SYSTEM MATHS ADVANCED ENGINNERS MATHEMATICS ERVIN KIRTYSZING. WELEY EASTERN LTD PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS FOR ENGINEER MILLER AND FREUND, PHI POWER SYSTEMS ENGINEERING &MATHEMATICS U. G. KNIGHT MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN ELECTRICAL NENGINEERING THOMAS. B. A. SEMIOR SOLUTION OF LARGE NETWORKS BY MATRIX METHODS HOMER E. BROWN

REACTIVE POWER CONTROL IN ELECTRIC SYSTEM J. E. MILLER REACTIVE POWER BASIES PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS IEEE

CONTROL SYSTEMS CONTOL SYSTEM THEORY ELEGARD AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEMS BENJAMIN C KUG. 3 E PRENTICE HALL INDIA. CONTROL ENGINEERS HAND BOX JOHN G TRUXAL. MC GROW HILL. BOOK CO. OPTIMAL CONTROL APPLICATION G. S. CHRISTENSEN, IN ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS M. E EL-HAWARY, & P. A. SOLIMAN MODERN POWER STATION PRACTICE VOL-F: CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION PERGAMON PRESS

POWER SYSTEM ECONOMICS POWER STATION ENGNIEERING AND ECONOMY. STROTZKI AND VOPAT ECONOMIC OPERATION OF POWER SYSTEMS L. K. KIRCHMAYER, WILEY. EASTERN LTD ELECTRIC UTILITY-RATE ECONOMICS CAYWOOD FUNDATION OF OPTIMIZATION BEIGHTLERE PHILLIPS , WILDE PHI OPTIMIZATION THEORY AND APPLICATION S. S. RAO WILLEY EASTERN LTD OPTIMISATION METHODS IN OPERATIONS RESEARCH AND SYSTEMS ANALYSIS K. V. MITAL POWER SYSTEM ECONOMICS (IEE SERIES) T. W. BERRIE LEAST-COST ELECTRIC UTILITY PLANNING HARRY. G. STOLT WITH CONTRIBUTORY AUTHOR G. A. JORDAN L. J. GARRVER, W. W. PRICE R. M. SIGLEY JN, J. B. TICE, RICHARD S. SZEZEPANSKI. ELECTRIC POWER ECONOMICS MOHAN MUNASINGHE ELECTRICAL TRADE THEORY M. L. GHOSH COMPETITION AND CHOICE IN ELECTRICITY MARKETS SALLY HUNT& GRAHAM SHUTTLEWORTH

POWER SYSTEM ENGINEERING

POWER SYSTEM OPERATION MILLER PROBLEMS OF MEETING PEAK ELECTRICITY DEMAND. UN NEWYORK 1973 ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM PABLA POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL MWCTY CONTROL AND OPERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS OPERATION ENERGY MANAGEMENT POWER SYSTEMOPERATOR AND CONTROL ADVANCED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY POWER SYSTEMS OPERATION ENERGY MANAGEMENT COMMUNICATION POWER SYSTEMS AND POWER PLANT CONTROL EDITED BY : -WANG PINGYANG POWER SYSTEM CONTROL (IEE SERIES) M. J. H. STERLING LOAD MANAGEMENT SAROSH TALUKDAR SYSTEM OPERATION VOL-L PERGAMON PRESS POWER SYSTEM BOSE EXCHANGE OF SERVICES BETWEEN LARGE GENERATING PLANTS CIGRE CONTROL OF GENERATION AND POWER FLOW ON INTER CONNECTED LINES NATHAN COHN

POWER SYSTEM PLANNING POWER SYSTEM PLANNING. ROBERT L. SULLIVAN EMERGING TRENDS IN POWER SYTEMS VOL-I J. NANDA AND M. L. KOTHARI ALLIED PUBLISHERS LTD. DELHI, CAL, 130 EMERGING TRENDS IN POWER SYTEMS VOL-II J. NANDA AND M. L. KOTHARI ALLIED PUBLISHERS LTD. DELHI, CAL, 130

POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION

POWER SYSTEM RELIABILITY EVALUATION OF POWER SYSTEMS POWER SYSTEM RELIABILITY CALCULATION ROY BILLINTON RONALD N. ALLAN ROY BILLINTON ROBERT J. RINGLEE AND ALLEN J. WOOD RELIABILIOTY ASSESSMENT OF LARGE ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS (KAP) MAINTAINING RELIABILITY IN A COMPETITIVE US ELEC INDUSTRY ROY BILLINTON US DEPT OF ENERGY

POWER SYSTEM RESTORATION ALEXANDER EMERGENCY KUSKO /SLANDED POWER SYSTEMS WORKSHOP ON POWER SYSTEM OPERATION UNDER D/S TRESS CONDITIONS DR. GANGA AGNITHORI DR. ARUN SHANDITILYA POWER SYSTEM RESTORATION IEEE

POWER SYSTEM STABILITY OF LARGE ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM. RICHARD T. BYRELY, KIMBARK POWER SYSTEM STABILITY VOL 1 E. W. KIMBARK. JOHNWILEY &SONS POWER SYSTEM STABILITY VOL 2 E. W. KIMBARK. JOHNWILEY &SONS TRANSIENT PROCESS IN ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM. V. VENIKOV POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF STABILITY R. S. JHA POWER SYSTEM GROUNDING AND TRANSIENTS A. P. SAKIS MELIOPOULOS SUBSYNCHROMOUS RESONANIN POWER SYSTEMS P. M. ANDEROOR , B. L. AGRAWAL POWER SYSTEM STABILITY AND CONTROL P. M. ANDERSEN AND FOUAD

SCADA ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENT ANALYSIS FRANK -DO- ELECTRICAL MEASURMENTS F. K. HARRIS. WILEY EASTERN HAND BOOK OF TELEMETRY AND REMOTE CONTROL. ELLIOT. L. GRUENBERG APPLICATION GUIDE FOR VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS 4146 -1967 CURRENT TRANSFORMATE PART-1 GENERAL REQUIRMENTS 2705 -1964(PART-1) PART-2 MEASURING CURRENT TRANSFORMER 2705 -1964(PART-2) AUTOMATION IN ELECT POWER SYSTEMS BARZAM, MIR CYBER NETICS IN ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM VENIKOR, MIR AUTOMATION IN ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM A. BARZAM ELECTRICAL MEASURMEANTS AND MEASURING INSENMENTS GOLDING AND WIDDIS ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS FUNDAMENTALS; CONCEPTS, APPLICATION MARTIN V REISSPAND POWER SYSTEM CONTROL TECHNOLOGY TORSTEN CEGRELL

TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION ELECT. TRANSMISSION &DISTRUBUTION REFRENCE BASIC ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION VOL. 2 UNDER GROUND POWER TRANSMISSION WESTINGHOUSE BY ANTHONEY J. PANSHI P. GRANEAN GENERATION , DISTRIBUTION AND UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY C. L. WADHWA TRANSMISSION SYSTEM D. C. GREEN

POWER STATION

POWER POOLS POOL RULES THE POOL(UK) POWER POOLING IN THE US FERC(US) POWER POOLING ISSUES US DEPT OF ENERGY GOVERNANCE AND REGULATION OF POWER POOLS JAMES BARKER WORLD BANK

MAGAZINES • POWER LINE • IEEE SPECTRUM • TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION

LEARNING TOOLS • VIDEO BASED PROGRAM (PTI) – POWER SYSTEM OPERATION – HARMONICS • ADVANCED SYSTEM OPERATORS COURSE(ASOC)- INTERACTIVE

NOVELS • OVERLOAD BY ARTHUR HAILEY • POWER PLAY BY MEHTA

DISCUSSION FORA. /INSTITUTIONS • • • POWER-GLOBE INPOWERG PSSC PICA CIGRE

SIMULATORS SYSTEM SIMULATION GORDON, PHI DISPATCHER TRAINING SIMULATOR CBIP POWER STATION SIMULATORS D. ZANSBETH

POWER SYSTEM EQUIPMENT POWER TRANSFORMER HAND BOOK EDITED BY BERNARD HOCHART POWER CAPACITOR HAND BOOK T. LONGLAND , T. W. HUNT A. BRECK NELL LARGE POWER TRANSFORMERS K. KARSAI, D. KERENGI , L. KISS ELECTRIC CABLES HAND BOOK EDITED BY D. ME ALLISTER EHV SUBSTATION AND EQUIPMENT N. P BHOUMICK BHASKAR BHATTACHARYYA TRANSFORMERS BHEL, BHOPAL

MISCELLANEOUS

HVDC AND POWER ELECTRONICS POWER SUPPLIES SURITCTHING REGULATOR OMVERTERS AND CONVERTERS IRVING M. GOTTLIEB DIRECT CURRENT TRANSMISSION VOLUME-I EDWARD WILSON KIMBARK SWITCHING POWER CONVERTERS PETER WOOD STATIC VAR COMPENSATORS STATE OF ART (T. R. NO. 17) PUBLICATION SERIES CAPACITER APPLICATION TO SUB -TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS CASE STUDIES(T. R. NO-66) PUBLICATION HVDC POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS K. R. PADIYAN CONVERTER ENGINEERING (MOLTGON) GOTTFRIED MOLTGEN FROHR, FRIEDRICH BRITENBINGER , FRITZ

PUBLICATIONS AND REPORTS REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON POWER N. G. RAJADHYAKHSA COMMITTEE CONTROLLER OF PUBLICATION CIVIL LINE, DELHI-110054 STUDY OF BULK POWER TARIFFS ECC 1994 REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON FIXATION OF TARIFFS FOR CS K. P. RAO CERC CONSULTATIVE PAPER ON BULK POWER TARIFFS CERC

WEB SITES • • www. ieee. org www. nerc. com www. cercind. org www. iee. org www. apda. org www. ferc. gov www. epri. com www. energyonline. com • • • www. energy. ca. gov www. eia. doe. gov www. Powermin. nic. in www. cea. nic. in www. pserc. org • www. blackout. gmu. edu

THE PEOPLE • • • CHARLES CONCORDIA H. H. HAPP U. G. KNIGHT SCHWEPPE VANIKOV KIMBARK KIRCHMEYER P. M. ANDERSON A. A. FOUAD CARSON TAYLOR SALLY HUNT ABIDI • • • G. W. STAAG EL HAWARY ELEGARD MILLER STEVENSON T. W. BERRIE NATHAN COHN RICHARD T. BYRELY STEVEN STOFT L. H. FINK

ELECTRICITY • PRODUCED AND CONSUMED AT THE SAME TIME • CANNOT BE STORED • THE END USER DOES NOT SCHEDULE HIS USAGE • USE NOW PAY LATER

THE GRID • INTERCONNECTED SYSTEMS WITH THOUSANDS OF KILOMETERS OF LINES AND HUNDREDS OF GENERATORS OPERATING WITH SPLIT SECOND SYNCHRONISM IS THE GREATEST SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENT OF THE MILLENIUM • THE LARGEST SINGLE MACHINE EVER CREATED

POWER SYSTEM OPERATION • IS IT AN ART? • IST IT A TECHNOLOGY? • IS IT SCIENCE? • ………. IT IS A MULTI-DISCIPLINARY SUBJECT!!!

POWER SYSTEM OPERATOR • THE SYSTEM OPERATOR SHOULD POSSESS THE – DISCIPLINE OF A MONK – INSTINCTS OF A FOX – EMOTIONS OF A ROCK – SKILLS OF A SURGEON – PATIENCE OF A FLAMINGO • DO YOU HAVE IT IN YOU?

THE POWER SYSTEM • POWER SYSTEM IS A MANIFESTATION OF SOCIETY • WE HAVE DONE LOTS OF “LOAD FLOWS” • NOW’S THE TIME TO DO “COST FLOWS”.

CARDINAL RULES FOR A SYSTEM OPERATOR • UNDERSTAND THE DIFFERENCE – PUBLIC GOODS – PRIVATE GOODS – PUBLIC SERVICE – PRIVATE SERVICE • UNDERSTAND THE DIFFERENCE – PUBLIC HAT AND A PRIVATE HAT

FREQUENCY CONTROL • FREQUENCY IS THE MESSENGER-NOT THE MESSAGE • FREQUENCY HAS TO BE COLLECTIVELY CONTROLLED AND DEMOCRATICALLY STABILISED

BEHAVIOUR IN AN INTER-CONNECTED SYSTEM • THE INTER CONNECTED OPERATION IS A PRECARIOUS ENTERPRISE, RARELY PERFECT, OFTEN FRAGILE AND SOMETIMES YOU WONDER IF IT IS WORTH THE EXPERIENCE • A PRUDENT CONSTITUENT SHOULD TAKE ACTION IMAGINING THAT HE IS ISLANDED – THEN THE GRID WILL COME TO HIS RESCUE

Where next? A quarter century ago, Dr. R. Buckminister Fuller proposed interconnecting regional Power System into a single, continuous worldwide Electric Energy Grid as a number one solution to solve many of the world's pressing problems. While he envisioned creating economical Power Systems, Fuller also saw power grid as the way to reduce human suffering, preserve the environment and make war obsolete. Expanding power grid has proved to be both economically and environmentally desirable since the time zone and seasonal diversity that exist between adjacent Power Systems can postpone or eliminate the necessity of building redundant generation.

BEYOND THE HORIZON… • THE GAME THEORY • THE TRAGEDY OF THE COMMONS

A PASSING THOUGHT • A PLAN IS NOTHING-PLANNING IS EVERYTHING---WINSTON CHURCHILL • YOU CANNOT SOLVE THE PROBLEM WITH THE SAME KIND OF THINKING THAT CREATED THE PROBLEM!-ALBERT EINSTIEN • KNOWLEDGE ITSELF IS POWER-FRANCIS BACON

A PASSING THOUGHT • Narain Hingorani says “The function of transmission is not just to deliver power from one place to another. It is much broader than that. To Pool the generation and load in a region and to maximise the use of available generation and take advantage of diversity in weather, time-zones and fuel”.

WHAT THE WISE MEN SAY…. • “Two issues are worth consideration – (i) an increasing number of transactions does not introduce transmission congestion (the congestion myth) – (ii) a system operator has at his disposal line and equipment installed as a result of planning” • “Without an available, robust transmission network, operators wage an endless losing battle – protection schemes, application of facts, devices and congestion management, tools cannot replace capacity”

WHAT THE WISE MEN SAY…. • Interconnected power system has been a large portion of continent and can be described as the world’s largest machines. Interconnections make economical use of the power , improve overall reliability, but the complexity exacts the toll. • “Large power systems are resilient machines. Nevertheless when power is transferred from low cost to high cost generation areas over long transmission paths, the potential for failure increases” • “System inherent risk of failure depends on factors such as magnitude of population and loads in relation to generation resources. ”

SOME QUOTES ON POWER • POWER IS BUILT MORE EASILY ON LIES THAN ON TRUTH. • POWER ONLY TIRES THOSE WHO DON’T EXERCISE IT. • PEOPLE WHO SEEK POWER RIDING THE BACK OF A TIGER END UP INSIDE IT. • POWER IS NOT A MEANS, IT IS AN END. • INFORMATION IS POWER.

THANK YOU