Latin American Panel Buenos Aires 31 October – 1 November 2007 Peter M. Swift
INTERTANKO – The Voice of the Tanker Industry MISSION • To provide leadership to the Tanker Industry in serving the world with safe, environmentally sound and efficient seaborne transportation of oil, gas and chemical products. VISION FOR THE TANKER INDUSTRY • A responsible, sustainable, respected Tanker Industry, committed to continuous improvement and constructively influencing its future.
INTERTANKO OVERVIEW Latin American Panel 31 Oct – 1 Nov 2007
INTERTANKO Overview Membership and Internal Developments • • Membership applications Financial position Review of Panel structures Secretariat
INTERTANKO Overview Review of Panel structures
INTERTANKO Overview Activities and developments not covered elsewhere in the agenda • European Court of Justice – recent events • Amicus Curiae – Exxon Shipping punitive damages case • EU issues • Green House Gas emissions • Council meeting – November 15, London • Incident reporting and information sharing
European Court of Justice EU Directive on Ship Source Pollution • Seeks to impose criminal sanctions for “accidental” pollution • Coalition opposition is based on need for “Universality and Certainty” • Opinion of Advocate General 20 November • Decision of Court – early 2008 • ECJ rules that Community Law on Penalties should be incorporated within Directive (s) • ECJ rules that Commission does not have competency to legislate on type and level of penalties for criminal offences under EU law. • Future uncertain in respect of environmental crimes under EU law AND over criminal liability for accidental pollution Oral hearing 25 September • EU Council Framework Decision
EU Institutions European Commission EMSA Council (Member States) (The Executive) European Parliament (Direct election)
EU Issues • Competition Rules for Tramp Shipping • Third Maritime Safety Package • Future Maritime Policy for the European Union • Lisbon Treaty
Green House Gas activities Activities at several levels • IMO correspondence group, MEPC, Assembly, Research projects (? ) • ISTEC projects • International Shipping Associations study group • Tripartite partners Work Group
Incident reporting (tanker incidents) & Information Sharing ONE OF THE ASSOCIATION’S PRIMARY GOALS Lead the continuous improvement of the Tanker Industry’s performance in striving to achieve the goals of: Zero fatalities, Zero pollution, Zero detentions
Tanker Incidents & Information Sharing • Recording incidents (events) Incidents: Reports from Lloyd’s Marine Intelligence Unit (LMIU) Total losses: International Union of Marine Insurers, (IUMI) Oil pollution: International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation (ITOPF) and LMIU PSC Detentions: USCG, Paris Mo. U, Tokyo Mo. U • Informal Sharing of Information IACS, IUMI, IG, ITOPF, OCIMF • Establishment of Confidential Platform for Information Reporting
“A responsible, sustainable, respected Tanker Industry, committed to continuous improvement” Doing better tomorrow than we do today ! • Incident analyses • Sharing of information Learning lessons
Tanker Incidents & Information Sharing - examining trends Number Source: INTERTANKO, LMIU, ITOPF 000 ts
Tanker incidents 2006 by type Large contribution of human errors ? Source: INTERTANKO, LMIU
Tanker incidents 2006 by size Rate: * 0. 017 0. 026 0. 027 0. 024 * Rate= no incidents/no ships Total average = 0. 020
Tanker engine related incidents No
The Sharing of information - to improve safety Frequently there are difficulties – commercial confidences and exposures, legal issues, professional integrities to protect, etc. The Challenge is to overcome these ! Examples of successes: • Company “NO-BLAME” cultures • Confidential reporting – for example CHIRP (Confidential Hazardous Incident Reporting Programme) • Near-Miss reporting – for example with pilotage in straits • Inter-industry analyses – for example of fires and explosions on Chemical and Product Carrier • IACS “Early Warning System” (EWS) …. More are needed !
Confidential Platform for Information Reporting incidents@intertanko. com Enables members to simply send a copy of the incident report, root cause analysis and corrective action that they submit to the oil companies post any incident. The approach: • provides INTERTANKO (the secretariat) with first-hand information of any significant incidents, • permits INTERTANKO members to share important incident information and, where possible, lessons learned – thus contributing to INTERTANKO’s policy commitment to “continuous improvement”, • encourages members (and in turn others) to share information on incidents, • avoids a member who wishes to provide information to INTERTANKO having to duplicate information already submitted to charterers (and/or others), and • respects the confidentiality of the sources of the information provided.
Human Element Committee INTERTANKO MEMBERS will • Promote the availability and utilization of personnel with the highest quality marine skills and competencies
Human Element Committee (plus) • Cadet Berths (Training) • ILO 180 Guidelines (also Maritime Labour Convention) • Safe manning • Officer Retention • TOTS – Tanker Officer Training Standard • Human Factor in tanker incidents • Fair treatment of seafarers – IMO guidelines and elsewhere • Accommodation standards – Tripartite and other • Image of industry
TOTS- Tanker Officer Training Standard • An alternative approach to oil companies’ “Officer Matrix” requirements, based upon “Time in Rank” and “Years with the Operator” • Built on officer competences and training, as well as time in rank and with operator • Incorporates training modules onboard and ashore, as well as verification processes • TMSA compatible Addresses “Quality and Experience”
Shipping is more than ships moving around the world; it’s about people and passion it’s about expertise and commitment www. maritimefoundation. com
AIR EMISSIONS Recent Developments Revision of Annex VI
Air Pollution from Ships • Developments at IMO – Recap, Timeline, (Establishment of IMO Group of Experts) • Developments elsewhere - SECA intents (US and other) • Scrubber developments • The INTERTANKO proposal and other options at IMO • Emissions Trading - carbon - all emissions
MARPOL Annex VI • Adopted September 1997 • Entered in to Force May 2005 (US and Canada not parties) • Revision initiated at MEPC July 2005 • SECAs from May 2006 • Target date for adoption of Revision 2008
EXISTING Sulphur Emission Control Areas (SECAs) SOURCE: http: //maps. google. com/ NOV. 2007 EU from AUG. 2007 MAY 2006
Revision of Annex VI PROPOSALS FOR AMENDMENTS - Lower limits for SOx & NOx emissions - SECAs with lower S cap (1. 0% or 0. 5%) - NOx emission limitation on existing engines - NECAs – NOx controlled areas - Restrict Particulate Matters (PM) emissions - Restrict on VOC emissions from cargo oil tanks - Restriction on CO 2 emissions
AIR EMISSIONS IMO ANNEX VI REVISION TIMETABLE TO DATE • MEPC 54 (March 2006) – Proposals for revision. The work is delegated to BLG Sub-Committee • BLG 10 (April 2006) – Initial review of the proposals and documents (over 30 documents) • Two correspondence groups (April – October 2006) • Intersessional Meeting (November 2006) • BLG 11 (April 2007) – consider draft proposals for revised Annex VI, the NOx Code and Guidelines • MEPC 56 (July 2007) • Intersessional Meeting (October 2007) • IMO Sec Gen establishes government-industry group of experts to report by December 2007
Developments elsewhere • California introduces state requirements • US considers ratification of Annex VI • Draft bill introduced in to US Senate for US waters plus • Canada mulls own requirements • SECA proposals under discussion for US coasts, Mediterranean, … • EU bides times on revision of Sulphur Directive • Ports under pressure to act unilaterally IMO has to deliver
Exhaust Gas Scrubber Development
Exhaust Gas Scrubber Development 1. 2. Seawater scrubbers Freshwater scrubbers • • • Trials underway Application to existing ships complex Many issues including: availability, costs, effectiveness (operating location, engine loads, with catalytic converters, …), waste streams and products, …………………
The INTERTANKO proposal • All ships to burn only distillate fuels, with a global sulphur content cap: o Tier I - a maximum sulphur content of 1. 0%, and o Tier II - for new engines - a maximum [0. 5%] sulphur content • i. e. one Global Sulphur Emission Control Area • One Single Fuel specification included in Annex VI • Simplified checking and monitoring provisions
Revision of Annex VI IMO WORKING GROUP PROPOSALS A. Status Quo - No change B. Sulphur Emissions Control Area (SECA): – A global sulphur cap (unchanged or lower value) – SECA sulphur cap lowered in two tiers: • 1. 0% in [2010] • 0. 5% in [2015] C 1. Change to distillate fuels (ref. INTERTANKO): – Use of distillate fuels for all ships – A global sulphur cap in two tiers: • 1. 0% in [2012] • 0. 5% in [2015] – Include in MARPOL Annex VI the specification for the distillate fuel to be used by ships C 2. Global cap – As C 1 but allows use of residual fuel + scrubbers
Distillate Proposal Accepted by most as being THE ideal solution, but Issues: Availability: 2012, 2015, 2020, ? longer Price: Oil company investment USD 126 bn. Future fuel price for distillates 1/3 rd more than HFO. Investment in scrubbers 60, 000 x USD 3 m per ship = USD 180 bn. Holistic approach: At least carbon neutral, probably carbon positive, i. e. net beneficial effect Leave open options for other solutions ?
The CO 2 Equation CARBON NEGATIVE CARBON POSITIVE • SOx deposits in Ocean due to Buffering effects • Burning Distillate vs HFO • Energy required to run scrubbers • Sulphur deposits to Ocean in scrubber waste water due to Buffering • Energy required to produce LSFO/Distillates (Low sulphur – little or no buffering) (Higher calorific value) • No pre-treatment required for fuels • No post-treatment required of fuel wastes
Time to choose Solution 1. HFO with abatement technologies 2. Cleaner fuels – LSFO or Distillate Application 1. Globally 2. Locally/regionally
Driving for Cleaner Air !!! • Societal pressures for improvements in fuel quality √ • EU and California set the pace √ • Calls for international standards √ • Refiners cite $bn investments needed and negative CO 2 implications – all too difficult √ • Refiners claim time frames impossible and propose local solutions √ • Industry holds line √ • Clean fuels mandated / cleaner air results ?
Decision Time ! • IMO Group of Experts – report end 2007 • BLG meets February 2008 • MEPC 57 meets April 2008 • MEPC 58 meets October 2008 • ? ? 2008 EU/US consider own legislation if IMO does not deliver
FINAL COMMENT Distillates (MDO) ADDRESSES THE ROOT CAUSE OF AIR POLLUTION FROM SHIPS RATHER THAN THE EFFECTS OF CLEANING UP THE AIR POLLUTION ON THE SHIP AFTER IT HAS BEEN CREATED
Emissions Trading • Emissions Trading - where, with whom ? - carbon - all emissions ?
THANK YOU For more information, please visit: www. intertanko. com www. poseidonchallenge. com www. shippingfacts. com www. maritimefoundation. com
Blue Sky Thinking • • • Business Environment Industry Developments Regulatory and Governance Environmental and Social Pressures Human Element (Personnel) & Operational Challenges • Other
Blue Sky Thinking Business Environment • Cyclical business • Rising costs • Tanker accident • …………….
Blue Sky Thinking Industry Developments • Consolidation • New business opportunities • ……………
Blue Sky Thinking Regulatory and Governance Environment • Weaker/stronger IMO • More/less regional pressures/legislation • Role of flag states • Role of class • Higher standards set by… ? • Challenges to Limitation of Liability • …………….
WHO GOVERNS SHIPPING ? INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING REGIONAL REGULATIONS COMMUNITY INTERESTS - LOCAL LAWS / REGULATIONS
Who governs Shipping ? - Environmental pressures INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS MARPOL Annex VI INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING REGIONAL REGULATIONS EU / USA (EPA) COMMUNITY INTERESTS -LOCAL LAWS / REGULATIONS California, West Coast/Canadian Ports, Rotterdam, Antwerp, Helsinborg, Other
Blue Sky Thinking Environmental and Social Pressures • Climate change / global warming and air pollution pressures on shipping industries • Development of (zero emission) eco-ships • Tankers singled out – not cold ironing, large ballast water transporters, difficult recycling • “Green legislation” grows – higher entry barriers, knowledge and experience more valued • Corporate Social Responsibility practices and programmes are the “norm” • ……………. .
Blue Sky Thinking Human Element (Personnel) & Operational Challenges • Availability and quality of officer pool will get worse before it gets better • Solutions will be - through regulatory changes and/or market mechanisms - at both macro and micro level ? • Sourcing will be even more from “new” Asian countries • Greater participation of women • Tanker industry could lose out to other sectors • Standards in some sectors will slide • More activity by management companies • ……………
Blue Sky Thinking Other ?
Blue Sky Thinking BLUE SKIES or STORM CLOUDS ?
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