Last Updated: March 30, 2016 © LMS SEGi

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Last Updated: March 30, 2016 © LMS SEGi education group 1 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION II ECM 3154 WEEK 13 DOORS Power. Point ® Slides by Zamzarina Bt Md. Judyar

Last Updated: March 30, 2016 © LMS SEGi education gr oup 2 CHAPTER OVERVIEW • This chapter brings the student through the internal fixtures and fittings of doors.

Last Updated: March 30, 2016 © LMS SEGi education gr oup 3 LEARNING OBJECTIVES • Highlights on the performance requirements and types of door. Introducing students to door frames, linings and drawing plans of various types of door.

Last Updated: March 30, 2016 © LMS SEGi education gr oup 4 LEARNING OUTCOMES • Students must be familiar with the types of door available. • These knowledge is necessary especially in the decision making process since door is one of the building elements. • Understand the properties of various units of door as they relate to fire, security, privacy and operation.

Last Updated: March 30, 2016 © LMS SEGi education gr oup 5 INTRODUCTION • Doors are used to provide security, privacy, and fire protection to access openings in interior and exterior walls. • The choices are depends on traffic passing through the opening and the door’s appearance. • In residential work interior doors provide privacy and some degree of security and often, an important part of the exterior design.

Last Updated: March 30, 2016 © LMS SEGi education gr oup 6 TYPES OF DOORS Flush Louvered (bottom) Louvered (top and bottom) Vision Lite Louvered Lite And Louvered Narro w Lite Narrow Lite And Louvered Half Glass Half Glass and Louvered Half Glass and Louvere d Half Glass Full louvered Dutch Door Spence (2006. p. 648)

Last Updated: March 30, 2016 © LMS SEGi education gr oup 7 CLASSIFICATIONS OF DOORS • Can be as external or internal door. • External door usually thicker and more robust in design than internal doors since they have more function to fulfill

Last Updated: March 30, 2016 © LMS SEGi education gr oup 8 DOOR – PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENT External Door Main function: To provide access and egress through enclosing fabric of building Glazed area to provide natural daylight to the interior When closed door should act in conjunction with surrounding fabric as an enclosing element Design to give required fire resistance dpc. Suitable finish and construction to withstand natural elements Good fit to exclude wind and rain Adequate locks and bolts for security Design to give required thermal and sound insulation Weathered at bottom to shed surface water

Last Updated: March 30, 2016 © LMS SEGi education gr oup 9 DOOR – PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENT Internal Door Main function: — To provide access and agress through internal wall or partition Design to give required thermal insulation, sound insulation and fire resistance Architrave Skirting. When closed the door should act in conjunction with surrounding fabric as an internal dividing element Good fit to provide thermal comfort and privacy Adequate lock for security Colour and design to blend with internal decor

Last Updated: March 30, 2016 © LMS SEGi education gr oup 10 • Door frame – consists of a sill, 2 post of jamb and a head • Door head (lintel) – support the weight of the wall above • Door jamb – vertical member of the door frame • Architrave – sealing of the junction between the frame and the wall. TERMINOLOGY

Last Updated: March 30, 2016 © LMS SEGi education gr oup 11 Architrave

Last Updated: March 30, 2016 © LMS SEGi education gr oup 12 Head Jamb Sill Terminology of Doors

Last Updated: March 30, 2016 © LMS SEGi education gr oup 13 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS • Operable (can be open and close) • Ironmongery (hinges, door lock, etc) • Strength and stability (for security) • Fire resistance (exit route requirements)

Last Updated: March 30, 2016 © LMS SEGi education gr oup 14 • Weather protection • Sound insulation (for privacy) • Aesthetic • Durability. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS (CONT’D)

Last Updated: March 30, 2016 © LMS SEGi education gr oup 15 EXTERNAL DOOR • These door are available in a variety of types and style, either in timber, aluminium alloy or steel. • The majority of external doors are however made from timber, the metal doors being mainly confined to fully glazed doors such as ‘patio doors’.

Last Updated: March 30, 2016 © LMS SEGi education gr oup 16 EXTERNAL DOORS – TYPES (CONT’D)

Last Updated: March 30, 2016 © LMS SEGi education gr oup 17 EXTERNAL DOORS Ledged and braced door 1, 2, 3 or 4 panelled doors Flush doors Framed ledged and braced door Chudley&Greeno(2005, p. 323)

Last Updated: March 30, 2016 © LMS SEGi education gr oup 18 EXTERNAL DOOR FRAMES • Door frame are available for all standard external doors and can be obtained with a fixed solid or glazed panel above a door height transom • Door frames are available for doors opening inwards or outwards • Most door frames are made to the recommendations set out in BS

Last Updated: March 30, 2016 © LMS SEGi education gr oup 21 MATCHBOARDED DOORS • These doors can be used as external or internal doors • Are not particularly attractive in appearance • It is simple and cheap to construct • The use of this type of door is limited to buildings such as sheds, farm house, cottage, etc

Last Updated: March 30, 2016 © LMS SEGi education gr oup 22 FLUSH DOOR • The flush door construction can be considered either skeleton core doors or solid core doors • The advantage of solid core doors are having a good sound insulation and provide a higher degree of fire resistance • Solid flush door is suitable for the internal/ external use • Flush door has the advantage of a plain face which is easy to clean and decorate • Flush door can be faced with hardboard, plywood or a plastic laminate

Last Updated: March 30, 2016 © LMS SEGi education gr oup 23 FIRE RESISTANT DOOR • These doors provide an effective barrier to the passage of fire from time to time designated by a reference coding • The performance of fire door is simplified by expressing the category with the initials FD and the integrity in minutes numerically

Last Updated: March 30, 2016 © LMS SEGi education gr oup 24 • For example: FD 60 indicates a fire door with 60 minutes integrity • These doors appear the same as ordinary flush door • For one hour, an additional layer of 5 mm asbestos partition boards is bonded to each side of the flaxboard • Internally the door is divided at mid height with a 65 mm central rail, and each half is filled with flaxboard or 9. 5 mm plasterboard nailed to each side of a timber framework. With a 4 mm veneered plywood facing an overall thickness of 45 mm, this construction satisfies the half-hour specification. FIRE RESISTANT DOOR (CONT’D)

Last Updated: March 30, 2016 © LMS SEGi education gr oup 28 PANEL DOORS • Assembled from stiles and rails (vertical and horizontal components), which frame and support one or more panels. • Has characteristic paneled appearance resulting from raised and recessed areas, patterned molds, etc.

Last Updated: March 30, 2016 © LMS SEGi education gr oup 29 STORM & SCREEN DOOR • Lighter, thinner stile-and rail construction supporting screening (screen doors), glass panels (storms doors), or interchangeable screen and storm panel inserts (combination doors)

Last Updated: March 30, 2016 © LMS SEGi education gr oup 30 LOUVER DOOR • Composed of stile and rail frame with integral louver construction, mortised into stile or vertical dividing bars.

Last Updated: March 30, 2016 © LMS SEGi education gr oup 31 ACCORDION FLODING DOOR Assembled from narrow wood strips or single wood slats, 3 ½ in. (89 mm) to 5 in. (127 mm) wide, with fabric, plastic or metal hinges, resembling long drapeline doors.

Last Updated: March 30, 2016 © LMS SEGi education gr oup 32 SASH DOOR Similar in construction and appearance to panel door, except that one or more panels are replaced with glass. Completely glazed doors without panels or casement doors.

Last Updated: March 30, 2016 © LMS SEGi education gr oup 34 SLIDING DOOR • Sliding door may be used in all forms of buildings from the small garage to the large industrial structure • They may be incorporated into a design for any of the following reasons: • As an alternative to a swing door to conserve space or where it is not possible to install a swing door due to space restrictions • As a movable partition used in preference to a demountable partition because of the frequency with which it could be moved

Last Updated: March 30, 2016 © LMS SEGi education gr oup 35 • Many types of patent sliding door are available to suit all needs but these can usually be classified by the way the doors operate: • Straight sliding • These can be of a single leaf or designed to run on adjacent and parallel track to give one parking. SLIDING DOOR (CONT’D)

Last Updated: March 30, 2016 © LMS SEGi education gr oup 36 • End folding doors • These are sliding and folding doors which are used for wider openings than the straight doors given above • They usually consists of a series of leaves operating with a bottom guide track so that the folding leaves can be parked to the sides of the openings. SLIDING DOOR (CONT’D)

Last Updated: March 30, 2016 © LMS SEGi education gr oup 39 SPECIAL DOORS These insulated rolling service doors have either steel or aluminium interiors and exteriors skins separated by a closed cell urethane foam insulation core During the hours this business is open it is totally exposed to the public and rolling grille doors provide security during closed hours yet permit the interior to be visible. Spencer(2006, p. 654)

Last Updated: March 30, 2016 © LMS SEGi education gr oup 41 QUIZZES 1. Describe the performance requirements of door. ……………………………………………………………… 2. Identify any Four type of door. …………………….

Last Updated: March 30, 2016 © LMS SEGi education gr oup 42 KEY TERMS 1. Demountable partition Definition The movable wall system shall offer maximum flexibility and reusability to accommodate frequent and quick relocation work without loss of materials, damage or modification to panels or to adjoining structures such as ceilings, fixed walls and floors. 2. Folding leaves Definition • One of a pair of doors or windows or a separately movable division of a folding or sliding door. 3. FD Definition Fire resistant door Last Updated: March 30, 2016 © LMS SEGi education group

Last Updated: March 30, 2016 © LMS SEGi education gr oup 43 REFERENCES • Chudley, R. , & Greeno, R. , 2005. Construction Technology , 4 th ed. England: Pearson. • Chudley, R. , & Greeno, R. , 2001. Advanced Construction. Technology , 3 rd ed. England: Longman. • Spence, W. , D. , 2006. Construction Materials, Methods, and Techniques, 2 nd ed. US: Delmar.

Last Updated: March 30, 2016 © LMS SEGi education gr oup 44 REFERENCES • Chudley, R. , & Greeno, R. , 2005. Construction Technology , 4 th ed. England: Pearson. • Chudley, R. , & Greeno, R. , 2001. Advanced Construction. Technology , 3 rd ed. England: Longman. • Spence, W. , D. , 2006. Construction Materials, Methods, and Techniques, 2 nd ed. US: Delmar. • hometips. com retrieved 22 nd August 2011 • sierrapacificwindows. com retrieved 22 nd August