Languages of Computing Alan Blackwell CU Computer Laboratory

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Languages of Computing Alan Blackwell CU Computer Laboratory

Part 1 Languages for storing data

Binary digits (bits) =1 =0

Bits = 0100100

Bytes 01000001 01101100001 01101110 00100000 01000010

Encoding text 01000001 = “A” 01101100 = “l” 01100001 = “a” 01101110 = “n” 00100000 = “ ” 01000010 = “B” etc …

RAM chip

RAM chip (kilobytes (kb) = 1000’s of bytes)

RAM circuit board (c. a. 1980)

Magnetic drum storage

Magnetic tape storage

IBM mainframe

Cassette tape

Apple II

BBC Micro

5. 25 inch floppy disk (200 kb)

IBM PC IBM PC

3. 5 inch floppy disk

Floppy disk drive 1. 4 megabytes = 1. 4 million bytes = 1, 400, 000 bytes = 1, 400 kilobytes

Hard disk drive

Hard disk drive (gigabytes)

Hard disk drive (gigabytes) 400 gigabytes = 400 billion bytes = 400, 000, 000 bytes = 400, 000 kilobytes = 400, 000 megabytes

External hard drive (terabytes)

External hard drive (terabytes) 1 terabyte = 1 trillion bytes = 1, 000, 000 kilobytes = 1, 000 megabytes = 1, 000 gigabytes

CD-ROM (megabytes)

DVD-ROM (4 gigabytes)

Flash card

SIM card (kilobytes)

USB flash drive (8 gigabytes)

Geek speak checklist ¢ ¢ ¢ bit, byte, RAM kilobyte (k. B) megabyte (MB) gigabyte (GB) terabyte (TB) ASCII = 1, 000 bytes = 1, 000, 000 bytes

Part 2 Types of data language

Plain text

Numbers 0 = 0000 1 = 00000001 2 = 00000010 3 = 00000010 … 254 = 11111110 255 = 1111

Numbers Numbers

Encoding colour 11001000 (= 200 Red) 01100100 (= 100 Green) 11001000 (= 200 Blue) 11001000 011001000

Picture elements (pixels) 900 pixels (30 x 30)

Compression 36, 000 pixels (180 x 200) JPEG level 12 (high quality) File size: 40 k. B 36, 000 pixels (180 x 200) JPEG level 0 (low quality) File size: 14 k. B

Resolution A 10 k. Pixel camera (100 x 100 greyscale)

Encoding sound 0 | 237 | 10 | 56 | 235 | 12 | 3 | 45 | … . WAV[e] file or (compressed) MP 3

Encoding programs 10100000 01000010 11101001000 = MOV AX, 0 x 0082 E 984 H or, “get the data at memory address 4385096” (in the particular language of Intel microprocessors)

Central Processor Unit Once millions of instructions per second (MIPS) Now, billions of clock ticks per second (Giga. Hertz, GHz)

Geek speak checklist plain text ¢ resolution ¢ compression ¢ GIF, JPEG, MP 3, WAV, MPEG ¢ ARM ¢ Giga. Hertz ¢

Part 3 Collecting and presenting data

Input: Keyboard

Input: Sound card

Input: Flatbed scanner 1000 dpi (dots per inch)

Input: Digital camera 4000 x 3000 = 12 Megapixels

Input: Digital video camera 640 x 480 pixels (VGA)

Input: Webcam 352 x 288 pixels (VGA)

Output: Monitor 1024 x 768 pixels (XGA)

Output: Printer 800 dpi (dots per inch)

Output: Powered speakers