Language Work 4 VERBS Verbs Actual Verbs

Language Work #4: VERBS • Verbs! Actual Verbs! All present tense! Easy!

Know These First • • Tá / bhí / beidh / bíonn Bhí / ní raibh / ní bheidh / ní bhíonn Questions: an bhfuil/an raibh/an mbeidh? is/ní + maith, cuma, fearr, féidir + le ba/níor + mhaith, chuma, fhearr, fhéidir + le Questions: an maith … or ar mhaith …? Neg. Questions: níor maith… ? / nár mhaith…? Ba and nár lenite: ba mhuinteoir mé.

Review of Bí (to be) • • IMPERATIVE: bí … bí anseo PRESENT: tá … tá mé anseo PAST: bhí … bhí mé anseo FUTURE: beidh … beidh mé anseo CONTINUOUS: bíonn … bíonn mé anseo QUESTIONS (an, nach, cá) eclipse NEGATIVES (ní) lenite COPULA (is, ba) are for permanent states

Regular Verbs, at Last! • Type I verbs have a one-syllable root • Verbs are either broad (o, u, a) or slender (i, e) • Examples of broad verbs: - ól [ōl], drink - glan [glan], clean - tóg [tōg], take - fág [fog], leave - fan [fahn], wait

ÓL – to drink • “ÓL É!” = “Drink it!” (imperative) ólaim – I drink ólann tú – you drink ólann sé – he drinks ólann sí – she drinks ólaimid – we drink ólann sibh – y’all drink ólann siad – they drink

GLAN – to clean • “GLAN/GLANAIGÍ É!” = “Clean it!” (imperative) glanaim – I clean glanann tú – you clean glanann sé – he cleans glanann sí – she cleans glanaimid – we clean glanann sibh – y’all clean glanann siad – they clean

TÓG – to take • “TÓG É!” = “Take it!” (imperative) tógaim – I take tógann tú – you take tógann sé – he takes tógann sí – she takes tógaimid – we take tógann sibh – y’all take tógann siad – they take

FÁG - leave • “FÁG É!” = “Leave it!” (imperative) fágaim – I leave fágann tú – you leave fágann sé – he leaves fágann sí – she leaves fágaimid – we leave fágann sibh – y’all leave fágann siad – they leave

FAN – to wait • “FAN!” = “Wait!” (imperative) fanaim – I wait fanann tú – you wait fanann sé – he waits fanann sí – she waits fanaimid – we wait fanann sibh – y’all wait fanann siad – they wait

Ask a question, eclipse the verb! • An bhfanann tú anseo? – from fan, “wait” [unn vannan too ansho] Do you wait here? • Nach dtógann siad é? – from tóg, “take” [nakh dōgan shee-ad ey] Don’t they take it? • Cá nglanaimid inniu? – from glan, “clean” [caw nglanimid in-yu] Where do we clean today?

Negate a phrase, lenite the verb! • Ní ólaim sa teach. - from ól, “drink” [nee ōlim suh tyakh] I do not drink in the house. • Ní fhágaimid leabhair anseo. – fág, “leave” [nee aw-ga-mid lyowair an-sho] We do not leave books here. • Ní thógann sí é léi. – from tóg, “take” [nee hōgan she ey ley-ee] She doesn’t take him with her.

Review • Type I verbs have a one-syllable root • Verbs are either broad (o, u, a) or slender (i, e) • Examples of slender verbs: - bris [brish], break - tuig [tig], understand - druid [drij], shut - cuir [kwir], put - léigh [ley], read

BRIS – to break • “BRIS/BRISIGÍ É!” = “Break it!” (imperative) brisim – I break briseann tú – you break briseann sé – he breaks briseann sí – she breaks brisimid – we break briseann sibh – y’all break briseann siad – they break

TUIG – to understand • “TUIG É!” = “Understand it!” (imperative) tuigim – I understand tuigeann tú – you understand tuigeann sé – he understands tuigeann sí – she understands tuigimid – we understand tuigeann sibh – y’all understand tuigeann siad – they understand

DRUID – to shut • “DRUID É!” = “Shut it!” (imperative) druidim – I shut druideann tú – you shut druideann sé – he shuts druideann sí – she shuts druidimid – we shut druideann sibh – y’all shut druideann siad – they shut

CUIR – to put • “CUIR É!” = “Put it!” (imperative) cuirim – I put cuireann tú – you put cuireann sé – he puts cuireann sí – she puts cuirimid – we put cuireann sibh – y’all put cuireann siad – they put

LÉIGH – to read • “LÉIGH É!” = “Read it!” (imperative) léim – I read léann tú – you read léann sé – he reads léann sí – she reads léimid – we read léann sibh – y’all read léann siad – they read

Ask a Question, Eclipse the Verb! • An mbriseann tú é anseo? – from bris, “break” [unn mbrishan too ey ansho] Do you break it here? • Nach dtuigeann siad é? – tuig, “understand” [nakh diggan shee-ad ey] Don’t they understand him? • Cá gcuirimid é? – from cuir, “put” [caw gwirimid ey] Where do we put it?

Negate a phrase, lenite the verb! • Ní léim é sa teach. - from léigh, “read” Note: L [nee leym ey suh tyakh] I do not read it in the house. • Ní chuirimid leabhair anseo. – from cuir, “put” [nee khwirimid lyowair an-sho] We do not put books here. • Ní dhruideann sí an doras. – druid, “shut” [nee ghrijan she an doras] She doesn’t shut the door.

Assignment • Use the following type I verbs in sentences: - dún [doon] – to close - caill [kyl] – to lose - mol [mull] – to praise - fill [fill] – to return - gabh [gawv] – to give - gearr [gyair] – to cut - póg [pōg] – to kiss - rith [rih] – to run

Sentences • Póg mé; is Éireannach mé!