LANDING GEAR SYSTEMS THIS TRAINING MANUAL HAS BEEN PREPARED FOR MAINTENANCE TECHNICIANS AND DOES NOT SUPERSEEDED INFORMATION CONTAINED IN APPLICABLE AIRCRAFT DOCUMENTS EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 1 Aug 2007
LEARNING OBJECTIVE Will have a knowledge and demonstrate of: Landing gear system components, safety warning indication, system operation and maintenance. EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 2 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 3 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM Aircraft Landing Gear, consists: • Main Landing Gear. • Auxiliary Landing Gear. Where may or may not be retractable. EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 4 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM Main Landing Gear forms the principle support of the aircraft on land or water (include any combination of wheels, floats, skis, shock-absorbing, brake, retract mechanism, controls and warnings). EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 5 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 6 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM Auxiliary Landing Gear, consists of tail or nose wheel; skids; necessary cowling. EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 7 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM Tricycle landing gear retractable arrangement with the Main Gears and Nose Gear. Main gear consist of two oleo/pneumatic struts with pair of wheels and brakes. Nose gear steerable oleo/pneumatic. EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 8 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM Some of aircraft have dual wheels on strut and more than two wheels referred to as “bogie”. Retraction and extension by hydraulic with selector lever in the flight compartment. Alternate extension can be mechanically, pneumatic compressor air. EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 9 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 10 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM Shock strut contains hydraulic that support aircraft on the ground and protect structure by absorbing shock load. Consists of two telescopic cylinder (inner and outer). Lower chamber always filled with fluid, the upper chamber contains compressed air. EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 11 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM Orifice/metering pin between two chamber provides a passage of fluid during extension retraction. EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 12 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM Controlling the rate of fluid flow during compression. Damping or snubbing on some shock strut equipped to reduce the rebound during extension prevent rapidly extension of shock strut. Axle on shock strut to provide for installation of wheels. EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 13 Aug 2007
Fluid filler and air valve assembly to provide of filling the strut with hydraulic and inflating air. EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 14 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 15 Aug 2007
Packing gland designed to seal sliding also to keep sliding surface free form dirt would result in leaks. EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 16 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM Shock struts are equipped with torque arm/link attached to upper and lower cylinders to maintain correct alignment of the wheel. Nose strut provided with upper locating cam attached to upper cylinder and a mating lower locating cam (centering cam), this cam lineup to straight of wheel when strut fully extended; prevent possible structural damage. EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 17 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM When strut extends contacting slopping area centering contact and slides, so aligns and rotates the nose gear into a straight a head direction. EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 18 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM Shimmy damper attached on gear struts selfcontained hydraulic to prevent wheel fast leftright/flutter (oscillation) during rolling, accomplished by metering of hydraulic fluid through small orifice of two chamber. EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 19 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 20 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM Shimmy Damper (Nose wheel). Control vibration or shimmy through hydraulic damping and prevent shimmy during take-off roll. • Piston type. • Vane type. • Incorporated in the nose wheel power steering. EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 21 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 22 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM Van type located just above nose wheel fork may be mounted either internally or externally. EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 23 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM Steer damper is hydraulically operated, basically containing rotary van-type (similar to vane-type). EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 24 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM Servicing shock strut: • Jacking the aircraft. • Release air valve slowly (ensure the strut compress). • Fill the strut with approved fluid to the level service. • Inflate the strut using nitrogen air pressure. • Tighten the air valve. Inspect shock strut for leakage and proper extension. EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 25 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 26 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM Torque Link-keep the landing gear straight is attached to upper cylinder and lower cylinder of shock strut. Links are hinged while the cylinder can move up and down. EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 27 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM The strut attached to the structure to enable the strut swing. Drag struts are hinged so the landing gear can be retracted. EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 28 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM An electric gear retraction, using motor converts electrical energy to rotation. Control by switch, the motor movement be reverse while gear to down. EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 29 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 30 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 31 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 32 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 33 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 34 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 35 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 36 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 37 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 38 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 39 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM Landing gear safety devices. Prevent collapse the gear when the aircraft is on the ground. EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 40 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 41 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM To provide a visual indication of landing gear position, indicators are installed in flight compartment. A horn and lights comes on when one or more throttles retarded and landing gear is other than down and lock. EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 42 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM NOSE GEAR LEFT GEAR RIGHT GEAR L A N D I N G AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY OFF G E A R EFFECTIVITY: UP DN LEARNING SERVICES Page 43 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM NOSE GEAR LEFT GEAR RIGHT GEAR L A N D I N G AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY OFF G E A R EFFECTIVITY: UP DN LEARNING SERVICES Page 44 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM NOSE GEAR LEFT GEAR RIGHT GEAR L A N D I N G AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY OFF G E A R EFFECTIVITY: UP DN LEARNING SERVICES Page 45 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM NOSE GEAR LEFT GEAR RIGHT GEAR L A N D I N G AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY OFF G E A R EFFECTIVITY: UP DN LEARNING SERVICES Page 46 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM NOSE GEAR NOSE GEAR LEFT RIGHT GEAR LEFT GEAR RIGHT GEAR LEFT GEAR L A AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY OFF G E A R EFFECTIVITY: UP N D I N G RIGHT GEAR DN LEARNING SERVICES Page 47 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM NOSE GEAR NOSE GEAR LEFT RIGHT GEAR LEFT GEAR RIGHT GEAR LEFT GEAR L A AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY OFF G E A R EFFECTIVITY: UP N D I N G RIGHT GEAR DN LEARNING SERVICES Page 48 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM Ground Lock. Prevent collapse the gear when the aircraft is on the ground, additional safety devices are installed (ground lock pins) which have red tape REMOVE BEFORE FLIGHT. EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 49 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 50 Aug 2007
Steering system, provide nose wheel steering capabilities through mechanical linkage to the rudder pedal. EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 51 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM Brake system used for slowing, stopping, holding or steering aircraft. Brakes are installed in each main landing gear wheel, entire brake system inspected about supply hydraulic pressure. EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 52 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM Three type brake systems are: • Independent systems. • Power control systems. • Power boost systems. EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 53 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM Three type brake systems are: • Independent systems. On small aircraft it has own reservoir and is independent of the hydraulic system. EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 54 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM Three type brake systems are: • Power control systems. Used on aircraft requiring a large volume of fluid to operate brake. A check valve traps hydraulic pressure accumulator which store fluid pressure and acts as a surge. Control valves regulate and control pressure to actuates the brakes. Shuttle valve isolating the emergency system for the normal brake system. EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 55 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM A pressure ballcheck power brake control valve. EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 56 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM Sliding spool type power brake control valve. EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 57 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 58 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM Power boost system. Brake the de-booster cylinder are used with power brake control valve on aircraft with a high pressure hydraulic system and low pressure brakes. Brake de-booster cylinder reduce pressure to the brake and increase the volume of fluid flow. EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 59 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM Three type brake systems are: • Power boost systems. Are used on aircraft that land too fast to employ the independent brake but are too light in weight to require power brake control valve. EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 60 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 61 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM BRAKE ASSEMBLY, common used are: • Single-disk. • Dual-disk. • Multiple-disk. • Segmented rotor or expander tube. EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 62 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 63 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM Single-disk and Dual-disk are commonly use on small aircraft. Multiple-disk normally used on medium aircraft. Segmented rotor or expander tube found on heavier aircraft. Braking action on Single-disk by applying friction to both sides of rotating disk. Dual-disk similar to the single-disk. EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 64 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 65 Aug 2007
EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 66 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 67 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM Inspection and Maintenance. Proper fluid level to prevent brake failure or air into the system, removed by bleeding the system. Two methods of bleeding brake system: • From top downward (gravity method) • Bottom upward (pressure method) EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 68 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 69 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM WHEELS. Provide the mounting for tires which absorb shock on landing, support the aircraft on ground assist ground control during taxi, take-off and landing. Wheels usually made from aluminum or magnesium, provide strong, light weight; there are: • Split wheel (most popular) • Removable type. • Drop center fixed flange type. EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 70 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM Split type EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 71 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM Removable type EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 72 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM Fixed flange, drop center type EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 73 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM TIRES. Aircraft tires tubeless or tube type, that provide a cushion of air help absorb the shocks. Tire construction with a size designation of 26 x 6. 6 • 26 inches outside diameter (A). • 6. 6 inches width (B). • 10 inches rim diameter (C). Ax. BA x B RC C EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 74 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM Tubeless tire similar to tube tire, they have a rubber inner liner that mated to the inside surface of tire for retain air. Beaded area is designed to form a seal with the wheel flange. EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 75 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM Wear indicators built into some tires as an aid in measuring tread wear. These indicators are holes in the tread area lands in the bottom of groove. EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 76 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM Cord body, multiple layers to provide flexible and give tire strength, resist internal pressure, maintain tire shape. Ply rating refer to the number of cord fabric plies. EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 77 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM Cord body, multiple layers to provide flexible and give tire strength, resist internal pressure, maintain tire shape. Breakers are one or more plies of cord to provide extra reinforce prevent damage of tire. EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 78 Aug 2007
LANDING GEAR SYSTEM EFFECTIVITY: AIRFRAME POWERPLANT/ ELECTRICAL AVIONIC FOR TRAINING ONLY LEARNING SERVICES Page 79 Aug 2007
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