LABORATORY Seven The Central Nervous System (Brain & Spinal Cord)
Nervous Tissue • Neurons: functional cells that transport electrical impulses • Neuroglia: nonconductive cells – Schwann cells
Human Brain Transverse fissure
Human Brain – Right Half Septum pellucidum Fornix Choroid Plexus Optic Chiasma Corpora quadrigemina Mammilary body Cerebral aqueduct Fourth ventricle
Human Brain Ventricles are a complex series of spaces within the hemispheres of brain which produce and house CSF. Site of massa intermedia
Dura Mater in Cerebral Meninges • Modified in two areas: – Falx cerebri – penetrates longitudinal fissure between brain hemispheres – Tentorium cerebelli – penetrates transverse fissure that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum
Spinal Cord Meninges
Cross-Section of Spinal Cord Dorsal gray horn White matter Ventral gray horn Central Canal
Human Spinal Cord Model Conus medullaris – letter ‘d’ Filum terminale – letter ‘e’ Cauda equina – around letter ‘e’
Sheep Brain Dissection Google search under “image” for Sheep brain dissection • • • • Each lab pair should obtain a sheep brain, dissection tools, and a tray Choose a sheep brain with intact pituitary gland if possible! Note the 1800 relationship between the cerebrum, cerebellum, and spinal cord Identify the superficial structures Identify the longitudinal fissure and transverse fissure, but the central and lateral fissures can not be identified on the sheep brain Grasp the sheep brain gently by the cerebral hemispheres and the cerebellum, and separate them at the transverse fissure to see the corpora quadrigemina (superior & inferior colliculi) & pineal body To prepare for pituitary gland removal, carefully cut Trigeminal cranial nerve V, 1 cm above its attachment site to the brain When removing the pituitary gland, look underneath it to make sure no cranial nerve is attached If you see a string structure attached to the pituitary gland from one side and to the floor of the brain from another side, clip it with a pair of scissors closer to the pituitary gland Identify cranial nerves I, III, IV, V, VI and XI Section the sheep brain by placing it ventral side up. Make a long, smooth, midsagittal cut. Be sure to completely divide the brain in half Identify the assigned structures Observe the prepared coronal section of the sheep brain and identify the assigned structures Take half of the dissected brain home, and return them to the lab when done.
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