Korea Meteorological Administration KMA partnership with WMO Korea

Korea Meteorological Administration KMA partnership with WMO Korea Meteorological Administration Supercomputer Center 2003. 8. 26 Lee Dongil Meteorology Workshop 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration Contents WMO GTS/FWIS APCN ( APEC Climate Network ) WMO PC Cluster Meteorology Workshop 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration Contents WMO GTS/FWIS APCN ( APEC Climate Network ) WMO PC Cluster Meteorology Workshop 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration WMO From weather prediction to air pollution research, climate change related activities, ozone layer depletion studies and tropical storm forecasting, the World Meteorological Organization coordinates global scientific activity to allow increasingly prompt and accurate weather information and other services for public, private and commercial use, including international airline and shipping industries. WMO's activities contribute to the safety of life and property, the socio-economic development of nations and the protection of the environment. Within the United Nations, the Geneva-based 187 -Member Organization provides the authoritative scientific voice on the state and behaviour of the Earth's atmosphere and climate. The World Meteorological Convention, by which the World Meteorological Organization was created, was adopted at the Twelfth Conference of Directors of the International Meteorological Organization (IMO), which met in Washington in 1947. Although the Convention itself came into force in 1950, WMO commenced operations as the successor to IMO in 1951 and, later that year, was established as a specialized agency of the United Nations by agreement between the UN and WMO. The purposes of WMO are to facilitate international cooperation in the establishment of networks of stations for making meteorological, hydrological and other observations; and to promote the rapid exchange of meteorological information, the standardization of meteorological observations and the uniform publication of observations and statistics. It also furthers the application of meteorology to aviation, shipping, water problems, agriculture and other human activities, promotes operational hydrology and encourages research and training in meteorology. Source: WMO Homepage Meteorology Workshop 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration World Meteorological Organization(187 members) DATA PRODUCERS Global Observing System GOS DATA CONVEYORS Global Telecommunication System GTS DATA USERS Global Data Processing System GDPS Source : WMO report Meteorology Workshop 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration GOS Source : WMO Report Meteorology Workshop 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration Observation Data # of data = 10**7 and regular distribution need for object analysis(110 km resolution) Meteorology Workshop # of current observation = 2000*5*50, irregular distribution 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration Meteorology Workshop 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration Current GTS q q integrated Network ( point-to-point, multi-point circuit ) Combination of terrestrial and satellite telecommunication link for data distribution ( point-to-point, point-to-multi-point circuit) for data collection ( multi-point-to-point, two-way multi-point circuit) Three level basis q MTN : Main Telecommunication Network Circuit among 3 WMCs and 15 RTHs, International Data Exchange q RMTNs : Regional Meteorological Telecommunication Networks 6 Region(Africa, Asia, South America, North&Central America, South-West Pacific, Europe), Regional Data Exchange q NMTNs : National Meteorological Telecommunication Networks Domestic Data Exchange WMC : World Meteorological Center Melbourne, Moscow, Washington RTHs : Regional Telecommunication Hubs Algiers, Beijing, Bracknell, Brasilia, Buenos Aires, Cairo, Dakar, Jeddah, Nairobi, New Delhi, Offenbach, Toulouse, Prague, Sofia, Tokyo Meteorology Workshop 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration GTS (Global Telecommunication System) § KMA-JMA 64 Kbps(CIR 16 Kbps), TCP/IP over Frame Relay § KMA-CMA 64 Kbps(CIR 32 Kbps), TCP/IP over Frame Relay GTS Topology Source: WMO Report RA II GTS Meteorology Workshop GTS MTN(Main Telecommunication Network) 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration Future WMO Information System Requirement FWIS should provide an integrated approach to meeting the requirements of q Routine collection of observed data q Automatic dissemination of scheduled products, both real- and non-real-time q Ad-hoc non-routine applications(e. g. requests for non-routine data and products ) The system should be q Reliable q Cost effective and affordable for developing as well as developed Members q Technologically sustainable and appropriate to local expertise q Modular and scalable q Flexible –able to adjust to changing requirements and allow dissemination of products q from diverse data sources The system should also support q Different user groups and access policies q Integration of diverse datasets q Data as well as network security q Ad hoc as well as routine requests for data and products(“pull” as well as “push”) q Timely delivery of data and products (appropriate to requirements) Meteorology Workshop 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration FWIS relationship to WMO Programmes Current WMO Information Systems Meteorology Workshop 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration FWIS Structure q GISC : Global Information System Center (10 ~ 20) q DCPC : Data Collection or Product Center q NC : National Center Meteorology Workshop 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration Data Collection Data Distribution Source : WMO Report Meteorology Workshop 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration Meteorology Workshop 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration Future WMO Information System Meteorology Workshop 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration Global Information System Center a. Collect observational data and products that are intended for global exchange from national centres within their area of responsibility, reformat as necessary and aggregate into products that cover their responsible area b. Collect information that is intended for global exchange from Data Collection or Product Centres within their area of responsibility c. Receive information intended for global exchange from other Global Information Systems Centres d. Disseminate the entire set of data and products agreed by WMO for routine global exchange (this dissemination can be via any combination of the Internet, satellite, multicasting, etc. as appropriate to meet the needs of Members that require its products) e. Hold the entire set of data and products agreed by WMO for routine global exchange and make it available via WMO request/reply (“Pull”) mechanisms f. Describe its products according to an agreed WMO standard and provide access to this catalogue of products g. Provide around-the-clock connectivity to the public and private networks at a bandwidth that is sufficient to meet its global and regional responsibilities. h. Provide facilities to collect observations from and deliver products to all NMHS within its area of responsibility i. Ensure that they have procedures and arrangements in place to provide swift recovery or backup of their essential services in the event of an outage (due to, for example, fire or a natural disaster). j. May perform the functions of a Data Collection or Product Centre and/or a National Centre. Meteorology Workshop 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration Data Collection or Product Centres Several dozen centres would serve as Data Collection or Product Centres (DCPC). Existing World Meteorological Centres and Regional/Specialized Meteorological Centres would function as DCPCs. However, many additional centres would also serve as DCPCs. This would include suppliers of special observations (e. g. ARGOS, ARINC), research projects, and centres producing products related to a specific discipline. DCPCs would: a. Collect special programme-related data and products as appropriate b. Collect information intended for dissemination only to NMHS within its area of responsibility (i. e. regional collections) c. Produce agreed data and products d. Provide information intended for global exchange to their responsible Global Information System Centre e. Disseminate information not intended for global exchange in whatever manner is agreed upon between the centre and the users of the product f. Provide facilities to collect observations from and disseminate products to the least developed NMCs within its area of responsibility (e. g. via e-mail) g. Support access to its products via WMO request/reply (“Pull”) mechanisms in an appropriate manner (i. e. dynamically-generated products would require around-the-clock connectivity to the Internet) h. Describe its products according to an agreed WMO standard and provide access to this catalogue of products or provide this information to another centre with this responsibility (e. g. a GISC) i. Ensure that they have procedures and arrangements in place to provide swift recovery or backup of their essential services in the event of an outage (due to, for example, fire or a natural disaster). j. May perform the functions of a National Centre Meteorology Workshop 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration National Centres would form the foundation of the Future WMO Information System. Many National Centres would be part of an NMHS but others would have national responsibility for functions falling within WMO Programmes but located outside of the NMHS. The participation of the centres would be coordinated through the national Permanent Representative to WMO. National Centres would: a. Collect observational data from within their country b. Provide observations and products intended for global dissemination to their responsible GISC c. Provide observations and products intended for regional distribution to the responsible DCPC d. Collect, generate and disseminate products for national use Meteorology Workshop 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration Proposal for RA-VI (Offer supported by DWD, Met Office and Météo France) “Virtual” GISC DWD, Met Office, Météo France (RTH and RSMC) DCPC’s ECMWF, EUMETSAT “Virtual” GISC Source: DWD Meteorology Workshop 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration Example of Data surface Ocean Upper Air Meteorology Workshop ARCAS Sat(Wind) Sat(Temp) 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration Source : Walter Zwieflhofer, ECMWF, ISC 2003 Meteorology Workshop 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration Source : Walter Zwieflhofer, ECMWF, ISC 2003 Meteorology Workshop 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration Contents WMO GTS/FWIS APCN ( APEC Climate Network ) WMO PC Cluster Meteorology Workshop 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration Needs of the International Exchange of Climate Information Increased Greenhouse gases Climate Information Network/ Climate Early Warning System - Exchange of regional climate information Global Warming Rapid Climate Change 97/98 El Nino Capacity Building in Climate Monitoring/Prediction Unusual Weather/ Climate Events Natural Disasters Meteorology Workshop Natural Disaster Prevention Social Economic Benefit 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration Goals of APCN is focused on global climate monitoring and prediction aimed at integrated preventive strategy development. Ø to reduce the effects of natural disasters and provide benefit to industries and socio-economic activities in the Asian-Pacific region Meteorology Workshop 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration History of APCN v Proposed at the 3 rd APEC Ministers Conference on Regional Science and Technology Cooperation (October 1998, Mexico City) v Approved at the 17 th APEC ISTWG Meeting (August 1999, Seattle) - Cosponsor : Australia, Canada, China, Indonesia, Viet Nam v The first APCN Working Group Meeting (May 2001, Seoul) - 24 participants from 16 institutes in 10 APEC member economies and a representative from the WMO v The second APCN Working Group & first Steering Committee Meeting (June 2002, Seoul) - 38 participants from 22 institutes in 14 APEC member economies and a representative from the WMO v Approved the APEC Central Fund to support an international symposium on the APCN project at the APEC ministerial meeting (October 2002, Singapore) Meteorology Workshop 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration APCN Outline q Produce reliable seasonal prediction information based a well-validated multimodel ensemble system. q Provide real-time forecast information to assist in the management of climate risks in the Asian-pacific region. Meteorology Workshop 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration APCN infrastructure • Representatives from the individual APEC member economies. • Facilitate the exchange of regional climate information • Discuss various issues relevant to the implementation of the APCN • Leading scientist in the fields of climate modeling and prediction. • Provide guidelines and orchestrate the individual efforts. • Processing for the processing of dynamic ensemble prediction data and making it available to the Members • Keeping the APCN records and distributing them to the Members • Provide administrative arrangements for meetings and other activities Meteorology Workshop 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration APCN Multi-Model Ensemble System (APCN-MMES) Meteorology Workshop 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration Participating Models Collected Datasets for 2002 Economy Organization Model Ensemble Members Variables Climatology Type Canada MSC T 32 L 10 / T 63 L 23 12 P, 850 h. Pa T, 500 h. Pa H SMIP (69 -95)* Monthly, Daily NCC/CMA T 63 L 16 3 P, 850 h. Pa T, 500 h. Pa H - Monthly IAP 4°× 5°, L 2 s 10 P, 850 h. Pa T, 500 h. Pa H - Monthly, Pentad CWB T 42 L 18 10 P, 850 h. Pa T, 500 h. Pa H AMIP (50 -99) Monthly, Daily 10 P, 850 h. Pa T, 500 h. Pa H AMIP (79 -95) Monthly, Daily KMA T 106 L 21 (Operational) T 63 L 21 (Experimental) 10 P, 850 h. Pa T, 500 h. Pa H SMIP (79 -99) Monthly, Daily China Chinese Taipei Korea METRI/KMA USA 9 P, 850 h. Pa T, 500 h. Pa H SMIP (91 -00) Monthly, Daily MGO T 42 L 14 10 P, 850 h. Pa T, 500 h. Pa H - Monthly, Daily NASA 2°× 2. 5°, 34 levels 9 P, 850 h. Pa T, 500 h. Pa H AMIP (79 -99) Monthly, Daily NCEP Russia 4°× 5°, 17 levels T 62 L 28 10 P, 850 h. Pa T, 500 h. Pa H SMIP (79 -99) Monthly Meteorology Workshop 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration APCN Research & Development Meteorology Workshop 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration Impact and Benefit of APCN v The practical importance of climate forecasts for the protection of life and property, together with concerns about environmental change, have led to the initiation of the APCN. The project’s most important challenge is to provide accurate and reliable climate information for member economies in the Asian-Pacific region. The range of seasonal forecasts and detailed climate information required and provided will be developed through dialogue between Scientific Steering Committee, the scientists involved in each component of the project, and NHMSs and other participating institutes in member economies. Meteorology Workshop 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration Impact and Benefit of APCN v The results of the project will benefit both public and private meteorological and hydrological institutions in the Asia-Pacific region in several ways. Those institutions without the capacity to produce climate predictions will be able to access optimized, high-cost global climate predictions. Sectors likely to benefit will include agriculture, forestry, health, energy, and water management. In addition, manufacturing industries like clothing, heating and air-conditioning may be beneficiaries. Most of all, the greatest benefit from this project will be the reduction of economic and human loss due to natural disasters caused by unusual weather and climate. The predictions should enable national and international disaster prevention offices to respond more effectively to natural disasters and mitigate economic losses in the case of extreme climate events. Meteorology Workshop 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration Finals of APCN ü The project’s most important challenge is to provide accurate and reliable climate information in the Asian-Pacific region. ü The range of seasonal forecasts and detailed climate information required and provided must be developed through dialogue between the scientists involved in research projects and the forecasters in NMHSs. ü The results of APCN will benefit both public and private meteorological and hydrological institutions. ü Those institutions without the capacity to produce climate predictions will be able to access optimized, high-cost, global climate predictions. ü The predictions should enable national and international disaster prevention offices to respond more effectively to natural disasters and mitigate economic losses in extreme climate events. Meteorology Workshop 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration Contents WMO GTS/FWIS APCN ( APEC Climate Network ) WMO PC Cluster Meteorology Workshop 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration Future Direction of Weather Forecast ⁔ More details - smaller scale, location, timing and amount ⁔ More longer lead time - severe weather, medium and long range forecasts   More Assessment on Social Impacts - disaster, agriculture, transportation, air pollution etc. Numerical Weather Prediction scientific objective quantitative Meteorology Workshop (source: Shin, K-S, KMA) 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) Conventional vs. NWP Observations Telecommunication Weather Maps Objective Analysis Data Assimilation Numerical Integration Numerical Models Technology Computer Interpretation experiences knowledge etc. Initial States Graphics Application Models Forecasts Meteorology Workshop (source: Shin, K-S, KMA) 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) Concept of Numerical Integration Tendency is calculated from Current State Tendency ( x/ t) Future State Meteorology Workshop - Eq. of Motion - Thermodynamic Eq. - Moisture Conservation Eq. - Eq. of State - Continuity Eq. Future State = Current State + tendency X time interval (source: Shin, K-S, KMA) 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) Global Model vs. Regional Model (Limited Area Model) Global Model Prediction should be finished (available) in advance to supply boundary flux Meteorology Workshop (source: Shin, K-S, KMA) 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) Instrumentation Telecommunication Observation Meteorology Workshop IT t, ge el Bu d od T eo ec ro hn lo iq gic ue a l r te M pu et NWP Co m M NWP is the integration of modern meteorological technology Development direction can be assessed through NWP (source: Shin, K-S, KMA) 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration Strategic Approach to Develop NWP Step 1 : use other center’s products Observations Data Collection Establish solid telecommunication System Initial States Numerical Integration Application Models Products (Graphics) Meteorology Workshop (source: Shin, K-S, KMA) Forecasts 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration Strategic Approach to Develop NWP Step 2 : use other center’s grid point value (GPV) Observations Data Collection Establish high-speed telecommunication system & graphic facilities Initial States Numerical Integration Application Models Advantage: large application in yourown interested area Products (Graphics) Forecasts Meteorology Workshop (source: Shin, K-S, KMA) 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration Strategic Approach to Develop NWP Step 3 : operates own Regional Model Observations Advantage: NWP experience, education, large application in your own interested area Data Collection Initial States - high-speed telecommunication - global model forecasts from other center - computer (* PC cluster) Numerical Integration Application Models Products (Graphics) Forecasts Meteorology Workshop (source: Shin, K-S, KMA) 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration Strategic Approach to Develop NWP Step 4 : operates full-scale system (global and regional) Observations Data Collection Initial States Numerical Integration Application Models Products (Graphics) Forecasts Meteorology Workshop (source: Shin, K-S, KMA) 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration PC Cluster • PCs • File Server • Switch Meteorology Workshop (source: Shin, K-S, KMA) 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration KMA’s Experiences on Developing NWP : Core of Meteorological Technology - forecast improvement - high technology transfer effect - human development - confidence - program development Nowadays NWP is no longer expensive !!! - including Education and Training of IT Meteorology Workshop (source: Shin, K-S, KMA) 16 th APAN Meetings

Korea Meteorological Administration KMA 기상청 Working Frame v National Frame APCN FWIS WAMIS WMO cluster Met Sat e-Science Grid ↔ GFK International Infra : APAN, TEIN, . . . National Infra : KOREN, Kreonet, HPCNet v International Frame GGF APAN WMO/CBS - -GTS, GDPS WMO/CBS GTS, GDPS CAg. M - CAg. M CAS RAII JMA, NWS, 양국간 협력 DWD, BOM, CMA, etc 미국, 독일, 호주, 일본, 중국 Meteorology Workshop KMA 기상청 ANF, GFK, APAN-KR 16 th APAN Meetings

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