Knut Evensen Q-Free com CALM Architecture and CALM M

Knut. Evensen@Q-Free. com CALM Architecture and CALM M 5 Convenor Dallas 14. November 2006 Page / 14 Nov 2006

Topics n What is ITS – and why ISO? n What is CALM? n What are CALM Media? (ex: CALM M 5) Page 2 / 14 Nov 2006

What is ITS? Page / 14 Nov 2006

Intelligent Transport Systems n Intelligent Transportation Systems, or ITS, encompass a broad range of wireless and wireline communications-based information, control and electronics technologies. n When integrated into the transportation system infrastructure, and in vehicles themselves, these technologies help monitor and manage traffic flow, reduce congestion, provide alternate routes to travelers, enhance productivity, and save lives, time and money. Page 4 / 14 Nov 2006

ITS standards on the Global Level The Internet Engineering Task Force International Telecommunications Union Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Page 5 / 14 Nov 2006

ISO Standards • TC 204 Intelligent Transport Systems • TC 8 Maritime • TC 22 Road Vehicles • TC 104 Freight Containers – ID and communication • TC 154 Business Processes and Data • TC 211 Geographic Information Page 6 / 14 Nov 2006

What is CALM? Page / 14 Nov 2006

CALM - Overall n CALM is the ISO approved framework for heterogeneous packet-switched communication in mobile environments n CALM also refers to the set of international standards being developed to support this framework. n The CALM framework supports user transparent continuous communications across various interfaces and communication media such 802. 11, 802. 11 p, 802. 15, 802. 16 e, 802. 20, 2 G/3 G/4 G cellular systems, national ITS systems, … n CALM standards are being developed by ISO TC 204/WG 16 – Wide Area Communications Page 8 / 14 Nov 2006

ITS Communications ALL ITS App. 1 App. 2 APPLICATIONS App. 3 Service Qo. S Interface Selection Handover HTTP/ SMTP Proprietary Protocols Protocol Stream & Realtime Proprietary Protocols Protocol ISO DSRC Proprietary L 7 Protocol A B C TCP UDP IPv 6 layer Init Proprietary Hnd- or ovr Dedicated Secur MAC Interface Qo. S L 2/UDP Radio 802. 11 p Interface WAVEPage Init Proprietary Hnd- or ovr Dedicated Secur MAC Radio 2 G/3 G Interface 9 / 802. 16 e/. 20 14 Nov 2006 Init Proprietary Hnd- or ovr. Dedicated Secur MAC Radio Interface Wi. Fi …

Some Examples of CALM Air Interfaces GPS, Galileo Terrestrial Broadcast RDS, DAB GSM-GPRS UMTS Broadcast Transmitter Beacon • CALM-M 5 • CEN-DSRC • CALM-IR Sat-Comm Wi. MAX Hot-Spot (Wireless LAN) PDA, Smart. Phone Vehicle-to-Vehicle (M 5, IR, MM) Info-Broadcaster Page 10 / 14 Nov 2006

CALM Applications n Support of Internet services n Support of traditional ITS applications n Support of next generation applications: l. Major push in Vehicle Safety Communication l. New commercial applications made possible by high data rate & long range. Page 11 / 14 Nov 2006

Services defined for 5 GHz medium - 1 CVO - Tractor-Trailer Interface CVO - Rollover Warning CVO - Electronic Border Clearance CVO - Weigh Station Bypass Clearance CVO - CVO Fleet Management CVO - Onboard Safety Data Transfer CVO - Tractor-Trailer Matching CVO - Transit Vehicle Data Transfer CVO - Vehicle Safety Inspection CVO - Drivers Daily Log OTHER SERVICES - Probe Data Collection OTHER SERVICES - Access Control OTHER SERVICES – Vehicle Manufacturer Info PAYMENTS - Toll Collection PAYMENTS - ITS Service Payment PAYMENTS - Other e. Payments PAYMENTS - Rental Car Processing PAYMENTS - Parking Payment PAYMENTS - Food Payment PAYMENTS - Fuel Payment SAFETY - Vehicle-to-vehicle Data Transfer SAFETY – Highway-Rail Intersection Warning Traffic Information - Audio Transfer - Streaming Traffic Information - Map Updates Traffic Information - Mobile Internet Traffic Information - Traffic Data Traffic Information - Traveller Information Traffic Information - Vehicle Registration (EVI) Traffic Information - Transit Vehicle Priority Traffic Information - Diagnostic Data Transfer Traffic Information - Video Transfer - Block Traffic Information - Audio Transfer - Block Traffic Information - Video Transfer - Streaming Traffic Information - Repair Service Record Traffic Information - Vehicle Software Updates VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Approaching Emergency Vehicle Warning VSC - OBU-to-RSU - Emergency Vehicle Signal Preemption VSC - OBU-to-RSU - Intersection Emergency Vehicle Approaching VSC - RSU to OBU - Emergency Scene Data Networking VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Cooperative Collision Warning Page 12 / 14 Nov 2006

Services defined for 5 GHz medium - 2 VSC - RSU to OBU - Map Downloads and Updates VSC - RSU to OBU - Enhanced Route Guidance and Navigation VSC - RSU to OBU - GPS Corrections VSC - RSU to OBU - Adaptive Headlight Aiming VSC - RSU to OBU - Adaptive Drivetrain Management VSC - RSU to OBU - Merge Assistant VSC - RSU to OBU - Sign Information (warning assistance) VSC - RSU to OBU - Point-of-Interest Notification VSC - RSU to OBU - Curve Speed Warning VSC - RSU to OBU - Highway/Rail Collision Warning VSC - RSU to OBU - Animal Crossing Zone Information VSC - RSU to OBU - Low Bridge Warning VSC - RSU to OBU - Work Zone Warning VSC - RSU to OBU - Stop Sign Warning VSC - RSU to OBU - Keep Clear' Warning VSC - RSU to OBU - Wrong-way Driver Warning VSC - RSU to OBU - Left Turn Assistant VSC - RSU to OBU - Infrastructure Intersection Collision Warning VSC - RSU to OBU - Pedestrian Crossing Information VSC - RSU to OBU - Pedestrian/Children Warning VSC - RSU to OBU - School Zone Warning VSC - RSU to OBU - Stop Sign Movement Assistance VSC - RSU to OBU - Traffic Signal Warning VSC - RSU to OBU - Low Parking Structure Warning VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Pre-crash Sensing VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Intersection Collision Warning VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Enhanced Differential GPS Corrections VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Highway/Rail Collision Warning VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Vehicle-based Road Condition Warning VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Road Feature Notification VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Curve Speed Warning VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Visibility Enhancer VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Electronic Brake Lights VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Hybrid Intersection Collision Warning VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Instant (Problem) Messaging VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Blind Merge Warning VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Post-Crash Warning VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Merge Assistant VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Lane Change Assistant VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Left Turn Assistant VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Stop Sign Movement Assistant VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Cooperative Glare Reduction VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Blind Spot Warning VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Platooning VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control VSC - OBU-to-RSU - Infrastructure-based Traffic Probes VSC - OBU-to-RSU - SOS Services VSC - OBU-to-RSU - Post-Crash Warning VSC - OBU-to-RSU - Just-in-Time Repair Notification VSC - OBU-to-RSU - Intelligent On-ramp Metering VSC - OBU-to-RSU - Intelligent Traffic Lights VSC - OBU-to-RSU - Blind Merge Warning Page 13 / 14 Nov 2006

TC 204/CALM and IEEE 802 Page / 14 Nov 2006

CALM and 802. 11 p n Excerpts from 802. 11 p PAR: n 5. 5: …”While there is a priority within North America to support the US National Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) Architecture, the intent is to develop an amendment to IEEE 802. 11 that will be applicable on a global basis. The proposed project is coordinated with ISO TC 204/WG 16 to ensure global applicability. ”… n 7. 1: …”ISO TC 204/WG 16 Wide Area Communications is responsible for medium and long range communications. WG 16 is working on ISO CD 21215 (CALM M 5) with a similar scope. A working relationship between ISO and IEEE has been created to avoid overlap. WG 16 will provide input, IEEE 802. 11 will develop the basic standard, and CALM M 5 will reference the final IEEE standard. ”… Page 15 / 14 Nov 2006

CALM and 802. 11/15/16/20 n CALM includes all relevant parts of 802. 11 in addition to. 11 p (WAVE mode), and is also interested in new developments for mobility aspects n PAN systems are included via 802. 15, in particular Bluetooth n WAN from 802. 16 e and 802. 20 are in final stages of CALM inclusion as ISO standards. Page 16 / 14 Nov 2006

CALM and IEEE 802. 21 n CALM includes similar functions to those being developed in 802. 21. l Management of multiple media l Media independent handover n CALM is not developing handover protocols l Relies on IETF IPv 6 protocols for vertical handovers l Relies on medium-specific protocols for horizontal handover n Open to cooperate with 802. 21 with the goal to co-develop and harmonize primitives Page 17 / 14 Nov 2006

TC 204/WG 16 Cooperative efforts n ETSI ERM TG 37 – 2 G/3 G standards, spectrum and test standards, … n IETF – Internet Network Mobility (NEMO/MONAMI) n ITU-R WP 8 A – Global radio standards n USA projects: Vehicle Infrastructure Integration and VIIC n Japan projects: CALM Proof-Of-Concept, … n European projects: C 2 C-CC, CVIS, Safe. Spot, … Page 18 / 14 Nov 2006

What is CALM? Technically! Page / 14 Nov 2006

CALM Architecture CME CALM Manager ISO 21210 Registration of Ingress/Egress Interfaces Application Management ISO 24101 Non-CALM-aware IP (Internet) APPLICATIONS SAP CME SAP Convergence Layer IP socket/ ISO 21210 TCP/UDP/… INTERNET STANDARDS SAP SAP NETWORK INTERFACE Routing and Media Switching based on IPv 6 SAP ISO 21210 SAP SAP ISO 21218 ISO 21215 W-LAN Manager SAP SAP ISO 21218 ISO 24 xxx Broadcast Manager Page 20 / 14 Nov 2006 CAN Management SAP AMIC SAP ISO 21218 ISO 24 xxx Wired Manager Ether Data SAP Blue. T W-USB CALM Media. External Media CALM Network 21218 = LSAP Applications SAP ISO 21218 ISO 24 xxx PAN Manager … GPS DAB … Wi. MAX HC-SDMA C-DSRC J-DSRC ISO 21218 ISO 25111 W-MAN Manager MM-E ISO 21218 ISO 24103 DSRC ISO 15628 MM-J M 5 Wi. Fi … IR-A IR-B … UMTS cdma 2 k … EDGE GPRS ISO 21218 ISO 21216 Millimeter Manager … ISO 21218 ISO 21214 IR Manager SAP K-DSRC ISO 21218 ISO 21213 3 G Cell Manager SAP RADAR ISO 21218 ISO 21212 2 G Cell Manager … IME SAP Interface Manager ISO 24102 CALM-Aware APPLICATIONS SAP Convergence Layer Part of ISO 15628 ISO 21210 SAP NME Network Manager ISO 21210 Non-CALM-aware ISO 15628 -based APPLICATIONS

Example: Full CPE Architecture INTERNET SERVICE ITS Application Layer 5 -7 SAP CALM Network Layer 3 -4 Central Router Computer CME SAP. CM Layer 5 -7 SAP CALM Network Layer 3 -4 Convergence NME. CM Convergence IVN DLL IME. CM IVN PHY In-Vehicle App IVN DLL IVN PHY Routing CALM Network Layer 3 -4 Network Convergence IVN DLL IVN PHY Firewall Directory services OEM G/W Computer IVN DLL IVN PHY In-vehicle OEM network ITS In-Vehicle Network CALM MR 2 CALM MR 1 CME. MR 2 CME. MR 1 SAP Network Layer 3 -4 Routing CALM LLC SAP IME. MR 1 CALM MAC MLME SAP PLCP/ CALM M 5 PHY PLME Sensors and Control Network Layer 3 -4 Convergence NME. MR 2 Routing CALM Network Convergenc N-Layer CALM Network CELL Netw IVN DLL IME. MR 2 CELL DLL Cellular PHY IVN PHY Page 21 / 14 Nov 2006 IVN PHY

Information from Interfaces Applicatio n Requirem ent List Policies Routing Update Interfac e Status List User Interaction CALM Manager Page 22 / 14 Nov 2006 Requirements from Applications

CALM Scenarios (1/2) Scenario 0 (Fast comm) Scenario 1 (without Internet access) • Single media • Running car Server Not IP IPv 6 Scenario 2 (with Internet access without Media switching) • Single media Scenario 3 (with Internet access with Media switching) • Multiple Media • Running car with large range communication media • Parking car Server • Car requests to server • Both of running car and parking car • Both directional communication Interne t IPv 6 Page 23 / 14 Nov 2006 Server Interne t

CALM Scenarios (2/2) Scenario 4 (out of scope network protocol) • Single media • Single hop • Running car Scenario 5 (without Internet access) • Single media • Multi hop • IPv 6 Link local • Running car IPv 6 Non IP Scenario 6 (with Internet access) • Single media • Running car with large range communication media • Parking car Server • Car requests to server Interne • Multi hop t • Dynamic Global IPv 6 address Scenario 7 (with Internet access) • Multiple Media • Both of running car and parking car • Both directional communication • Static assigned global IPv 6 address Server Interne t IPv 6 Can be switched IPv 6 Page 24 / 14 Nov 2006

CALM handover scenarios Intra-Access Network ① IME based / Media specific handover Horizontal • CME Policy and Parameter have to be same. In this case, IME or network system can handover autonomously. • If CME policy or parameter is different, it seems same to ③. Inter-Access Network ② CME based handover • CME&NME initiates handover. AR AP 1 AR 1 AP 2 ③ CME based handover AP 2 ④ CME based handover • IME requests to NME&CME and CME&NME performs it. • CME&NME initiates handover. Vertical AR AP 1 AR 1 AP 2 Page 25 / 14 Nov 2006 AR 2 AP 2

What are CALM media? Page / 14 Nov 2006

Selected CALM media n ISO 21212: 2 G Cellular (GSM) n ISO 21213: 3 G Cellular (UMTS) n ISO 21214: Infra. Red n ISO 21215: M 5 (802. 11 p) n ISO 25112: Wi. MAX (802. 16 e) n ISO 25113: HC-SDMA (802. 20) n ISO xxxxx: Bluetooth (802. 15) n ISO xxxxx: Ethernet (802. 3) Page 27 / 14 Nov 2006

CALM M 5 vs. 802. 11 p (WAVE) n WAVE PHY/MAC is IEEE 802. 11 p n CALM M 5 incorporates WAVE and adds: l. Global (European) 5 GHz spectrum l. Regulatory domain (border) management l. Directivity and EMC control l. Regional DSRC cooperation l. Multiple radios/interfaces/antenna management through network connection l. GPRS/UMTS/+++ network interconnectivity Page 28 / 14 Nov 2006

CALM M 5: C 2 C-CC & WAVE Geoaddressed applications (e. g. active safety) IP Applications (Deployment) WAVE Short Message Apps WSMP TCP / UDP IPv 6 B C 2 C-CC Network Layer A C 2 C MAC B LLC/MAC (IEEE 802. 11 p) PHY (IEEE 802. 11 p) Page 29 / 14 Nov 2006 C P 1609. 4

Excerpt from 802. 21 n … and now more details on the status of the CALM management interfaces – Dr. Fischer Page 30 / 14 Nov 2006

Standards Contact Points n ISO TC 204: www. isotc 204. com n ETSI: www. etsi. org n CALM: www. calm. hu n IETF: www. ietf. org n Chairman ISO TC 204 Michael. Noblett@SEICCS. com n Knut. Evensen@q-free. com Convenor WG 16. 0, Editor CALM M 5 Page 31 / 14 Nov 2006

Backup slides Page / 14 Nov 2006

WG 16 Current Work Program - 1 ISO Work Item Number and ISO ID ISO/DIS 15662 ID: 28014 ISO/CD 212101 Title Current Stage Started Current Stage Target Dates Project Leader Project Control TICS Wide Area Communication Message Management Information 60. 00 20 -06 -06 In publication process H Wakayama Under Publication Process CALM Networking for Internet Connectivity 30. 20 01 -10 -06 DIS: 2007 -02 H Wakayama CALM Networking for Direct Mode Connectivity 20. 20 05 -10 -06 CD: 2007 -10 DIS: 2008 -10 H Wakayama Approved 12 months extension at Cape Town Plenary CALM 2 G Cellular 30. 99 16 -09 -05 DIS: 2006 -11 R Williams DIS draft submitted to ISO CS on 3 November 2006 Waiting for DIS ballot dates ID: 35714 ISO/NP 212102 ID: 35714 ISO/CD 21212 ID: 35717 Page 33 / 14 Nov 2006

WG 16 Current Work Program - 2 ISO Work Item Number and ISO ID ISO/CD 21213 Title Current Stage Started Current Stage CALM 3 G Cellular 30. 99 16 -09 -05 CALM IR 60. 60 CALM M 5 00. 20 09 -11 -06 CALM MM 20. 20 CALM Architecture CALM Networking Medium SAPs Target Dates DIS: 2006 -11 Project Leader R Williams DIS draft submitted to ISO CS on 3 November 2006 Waiting for DIS ballot dates R Williams Published Standard NP/CD: 2007 -11 K Evensen Will be submitted as NP/CD ballot by 112007 25 -04 -06 CD: 2007 -07 DIS: 2008 -07 M Fujise Approved CD ballot request at Cape Town Plenary 30. 20 05 -10 -06 DIS: 2007 -10 K Evensen Approved 12 months extension at Cape Town Plenary Approved new resolution for a DIS ballot 30. 20 01 -10 -06 DIS: 2007 -07 H Fischer Approved as CD (Ballot results: YES: 14 NO: 0 ABSTAIN: 3) ID: 35718 ISO/IS 21214 Project Control ID: 41104 ISO/PWI 21215 ID: 35720 ISO/NP 21216 ID: 35721 ISO/CD 21217 ID: 35722 ISO/CD 21218 ID: 35723 Page 34 / 14 Nov 2006

WG 16 Current Work Program - 3 ISO Work Item Number and ISO ID ISO/CD 22837 ID: 36518 ISO/NP 24100 ID: 42017 ISO/CD 24101 ID: 42018 ISO/NP 24102 ID: 42019 ISO/NP 24103 ID: 42020 Title Current Stage Started Current Stage Target Dates Project Leader Project Control Vehicle Probe Data for Wide Area Communication 30. 20 24 -10 -06 DIS: 2006 -12 T Kishi Basic Principles for Personal Data Protection in Probe Vehicle Information Services 20. 20 04 -09 -06 CD: 2007 -03 DIS: 2008 -02 Y Watanabe CALM Application Management 30. 20 02 -11 -06 DIS: 2007 -12 M Ohyama Approved as CD (Ballot results: YES: 14 NO: 0 ABSTAIN: 6 Approved DIS ballot request at Cape Town Plenary CALM Interface Manager 20. 20 06 -11 -06 CD: 2006 -12 DIS: 2007 -11 K Evensen Approved as NP (Ballot Result: YES: 13 NO: 0 ABSTAIN: 5 Approved CD ballot request at Cape Town Plenary CALM MAIL 20. 20 04 -09 -06 CD: 2007 -03 DIS: 2008 -02 K Koga Approved CD ballot request at Cape Town Plenary Page 35 / 14 Nov 2006 Approved as CD (Ballot results: YES: 15 NO: 0 ABSTAIN: 5 Approved DIS ballot request at Cape Town Plenary (pending on CD ballot results)

WG 16 Current Work Program - 4 ISO Work Item Number and ISO ID ISO/PWI 24977 Title Current Stage Started Current Stage Mobile Phone Based e. Call 30. 92 22 -02 -06 Emergency Messages Data Registry 30. 92 22 -02 -06 CALM WBB - General Support 30. 20 CALM WBB – Wi. MAX Target Dates Project Leader B Williams Approach to be considered in November WG 16 meeting NP: 2007 -02 CD: 2007 -06 DIS: 2007 -09 B Williams Approved NP/CD ballot request at Cape Town Plenary Approved title change to ‘Emergency Messages Data Registry’ request at Cape Town Plenary 01 -10 -06 CD: 2007 -08 DIS: 2008 -07 H Cho 20. 20 04 -09 -06 CD: 2007 -03 DIS: 2008 -02 TBD Approved CD ballot request at Cape Town Plenary CALM WBB – Existing Systems 20. 20 04 -09 -06 CD: 2007 -03 DIS: 2008 -02 J Wilson Approved CD ballot request at Cape Town Plenary Probe Data Reporting Management 20. 20 06 -11 -06 CD: 2007 -11 DIS: 2008 -11 R Bishop Approved as NP (Ballot results: YES: 13 NO: 1 ABSTAIN: 4 ID: 42726 ISO/PWI 24978 ID: 42727 ISO/CD 25111 Project Control ID: 42751 ISO/NP 25112 ID: 42752 ISO/NP 25113 ID: 42753 ISO/NP 25114 ID: 42754 Page 36 / 14 Nov 2006

WG 16 Current Work Program - 5 ISO Work Item Number and ISO ID ISO/PWI 29281 Title Current Stage Started Current Stage Target Dates Project Leader 00. 20 02 -10 -06 NP: 04 -2008 CD: 04 -2009 T Sugiura ID: 45379 CALM Architecture for non-IP type communication mechanism ISO/PWI 29282 CALM Applications using Satellite 00. 20 02 -10 -06 NP: 04 -2008 CD: 04 -2009 B Williams CALM Applications using 802. 20 00. 20 02 -10 -06 NP: 04 -2008 CD: 04 -2009 J Wilson Event based Probe Vehicle Data 00. 20 02 -10 -06 NP: 04 -2008 CD: 04 -2009 M Hauschild Project Control Approved as PWI at the Cape Town Plenary ID: 45380 ISO/PWI 29283 ID: 45381 ISO/PWI 29284 ID: 45382 Page 37 / 14 Nov 2006 Approved as PWI at the Cape Town Plenary

Condensed CPE Architecture NME. CM ITS INTERNET APPLICATION Traffic Management Application Interface ISO 15628 CME. CM RESOURCE MANAGER, ISO 14906 Socket TCP/UDP Socket UDP VEHICLE COMPUTER CALM Routing CALM NETWORK LAYER – IPv 6 IN-VEHICLE NETWORK DATA LINK LAYER IN-VEHICLE NETWORK PHYSICAL LAYER CALM Mobile Router (“CALM Modem”) ITS In. Vehicle Connection CME. MR CALM Routing Network CALM LLC GPRS Convergence DSRC Convergence GPS Convergence CALM MAC Network GPRS Stack DSRC L 2/L 7 GPS Stack CALM M 5 PHY GPRS PHY DSRC L 1 GPS PHY IVN DLL IVN PHY Combined Antenna Pod Page 38 / 14 Nov 2006 NME. MR IME. MR

ETSI ERM TG 37 n 2 G/3 G standards, e. Call, Testing standards, … n European frequency selection n System Reference Document (SRD) in three parts: l Critical Safety - 2*10 MHz bandwidth l Safety & Efficiency - 5*10 MHz l Mobile use of unlicenced 5 GHz bands n Allocation likely in 5. 9 GHz band. n Process involves several steps with ETSI – CEPT – national authorities. Possible allocation of 5 GHz frequencies early 2007? Page 39 / 14 Nov 2006