Know thyself Lessons from Artificial Intelligence Deniz Yuret

Know thyself… Lessons from Artificial Intelligence Deniz Yuret

A Brief History of AI • • • 1956: John Mc. Carthy coins the term AI 1957: Newell and Simon’s GPS solves logic puzzles 1958: Arthur Samuel challenges checkers champion 1961: Slagle’s SAINT solves calculus problems 1964: Bobrow’s STUDENT solves algebra problems 1965: Weizenbaum’s ELIZA is the first chat-bot 1967: Greenblatt builds class-C chess player 1969: Shakey the robot has perception and planning 1970: Winston’s ARCH learns concepts from examples 1971: Winograd’s SHRUDLU understands language

The SHRUDLU Movie videos/26 -robot. mp 4

The SHAKEY Movie • http: //www. ai. sri. com/movies/Shakey. ram

The Story of Vision

Why can’t we just look and see?

Edge detection (Marr 1980)

Modeling 3 D (Marr 1980)

Change Blindness • http: //www. usd. edu/psyc 301/Change. Blind ness. htm • http: //viscog. beckman. uiuc. edu/djs_lab/de mos. html

State of the art in robotics videos/DARPA-Tech-2002(R. Brooks). mov

Audition

Your friend digs two narrow channels up from the side of the lake. Each is a few feet long, and a few inches wide, and they are spaced a few feet apart. Halfway up each one, your friend stretches a handkerchief and fastens it to the sides of the channel. As waves reach the side of the lake they travel up the channels and cause the two handkerchiefs to go into motion. You are allowed to look only at the handkerchiefs and from their motions to answer a series of questions: How many boats are there on the lake, and where are they? Which is the most powerful one? Which one is closer? Is the wind blowing? Has any large object been dropped suddenly into the lake?

Language

State of the art in language videos/mit 2002/s 4 -glass-speech-vid 3. mpg

Understanding Language A 61 -year old furniture salesman was pushed down the shaft of a freight elevator yesterday in his downtown Brooklyn store by two robbers while a third attempted to crush him with the elevator car because they were dissatisfied with the $1, 200 they had forced him to give them. The buffer springs at the bottom of the shaft prevented the car from crushing the salesman, John J. Hug, after he was pushed from the first floor to the basement. The car stopped about 12 inches above him as he flattened himself at the bottom of the pit. . (Mc. Carthy, 1976)

Understanding Language Who was in the store when the events began? Who was in the store during the attempt to kill Mr. Hug? Who had the money at the end? What would have happened if Mr. Hug had not flattened himself at the bottom of the pit? Did Mr. Hug want to be crushed? Did the robbers tell Mr. Hug their names? Did Mr. Hug like the robbers, and did they like him? What would have happened if Mr. Hug had tried to run away? What can Mr. Hug do to avoid this in the future? Did Mr. Hug know he was going to be robbed? Does he know that he was robbed? How did the robber try to crush him with the car? How long did the events take? What crimes were committed?

A Bat who fell upon the ground and was caught by a Weasel pleaded to be spared his life. The Weasel refused, saying that he was by nature the enemy of all birds. The Bat assured him that he was not a bird, but a mouse, and thus was set free. Shortly afterwards the Bat again fell to the ground and was caught by another Weasel, whom he likewise entreated not to eat him. The Weasel said that he had a special hostility to mice. The Bat assured him that he was not a mouse, but a bat, and thus a second time escaped. It is wise to turn circumstances to good account.

A Bat who fell upon the ground and was caught by a Weasel pleaded to be spared his life. The Weasel refused, saying that he was by nature the enemy of all birds. The Bat assured him that he was not a bird, but a mouse, and thus was set free. Shortly afterwards the Bat again fell to the ground and was caught by another Weasel, whom he likewise entreated not to eat him. The Weasel said that he had a special hostility to mice. The Bat assured him that he was not a mouse, but a bat, and thus a second time escaped. It is wise to turn circumstances to good account. GROUND fall BAT catch plead BAT’S LIFE spare WEASEL

A Bat who fell upon the ground and was caught by a Weasel pleaded to be spared his life. The Weasel refused, saying that he was by nature the enemy of all birds. The Bat assured him that he was not a bird, but a mouse, and thus was set free. Shortly afterwards the Bat again fell to the ground and was caught by another Weasel, whom he likewise entreated not to eat him. The Weasel said that he had a special hostility to mice. The Bat assured him that he was not a mouse, but a bat, and thus a second time escaped. It is wise to turn circumstances to good account. catch GROUND plead fall BAT’S LIFE spare refuse WEASEL BAT say enemy ALL BIRDS

A Bat who fell upon the ground and was caught by a Weasel pleaded to be spared his life. The Weasel refused, saying that he was by nature the enemy of all birds. The Bat assured him that he was not a bird, but a mouse, and thus was set free. Shortly afterwards the Bat again fell to the ground and was caught by another Weasel, whom he likewise entreated not to eat him. The Weasel said that he had a special hostility to mice. The Bat assured him that he was not a mouse, but a bat, and thus a second time escaped. It is wise to turn circumstances to good account. catch GROUND plead fall BAT’S LIFE spare refuse WEASEL BAT assure say set free isa ALL MICE not ALL BIRDS enemy

A Bat who fell upon the ground and was caught by a Weasel pleaded to be spared his life. The Weasel refused, saying that he was by nature the enemy of all birds. The Bat assured him that he was not a bird, but a mouse, and thus was set free. Shortly afterwards the Bat again fell to the ground and was caught by another Weasel, whom he likewise entreated not to eat him. The Weasel said that he had a special hostility to mice. The Bat assured him that he was not a mouse, but a bat, and thus a second time escaped. It is wise to turn circumstances to good account. catch entreat catch GROUND fall plead fall spare refuse not eat WEASEL BAT’S LIFE WEASEL BAT assure say set free isa ALL MICE not ALL BIRDS enemy

A Bat who fell upon the ground and was caught by a Weasel pleaded to be spared his life. The Weasel refused, saying that he was by nature the enemy of all birds. The Bat assured him that he was not a bird, but a mouse, and thus was set free. Shortly afterwards the Bat again fell to the ground and was caught by another Weasel, whom he likewise entreated not to eat him. The Weasel said that he had a special hostility to mice. The Bat assured him that he was not a mouse, but a bat, and thus a second time escaped. It is wise to turn circumstances to good account. catch entreat catch GROUND fall plead fall spare refuse not eat WEASEL BAT’S LIFE WEASEL BAT assure say set free isa not hostile ALL MICE ALL BIRDS enemy

A Bat who fell upon the ground and was caught by a Weasel pleaded to be spared his life. The Weasel refused, saying that he was by nature the enemy of all birds. The Bat assured him that he was not a bird, but a mouse, and thus was set free. Shortly afterwards the Bat again fell to the ground and was caught by another Weasel, whom he likewise entreated not to eat him. The Weasel said that he had a special hostility to mice. The Bat assured him that he was not a mouse, but a bat, and thus a second time escaped. It is wise to turn circumstances to good account. catch GROUND catch entreat fall plead fall BAT’S LIFE spare refuse not eat WEASEL BAT assure say set free escape isa not hostile ALL BATS ALL MICE ALL BIRDS enemy

A Bat who fell upon the ground and was caught by a Weasel pleaded to be spared his life. The Weasel refused, saying that he was by nature the enemy of all birds. The Bat assured him that he was not a bird, but a mouse, and thus was set free. Shortly afterwards the Bat again fell to the ground and was caught by another Weasel, whom he likewise entreated not to eat him. The Weasel said that he had a special hostility to mice. The Bat assured him that he was not a mouse, but a bat, and thus a second time escaped. It is wise to turn circumstances to good account. catch GROUND catch entreat fall plead fall BAT’S LIFE spare refuse not eat WEASEL BAT assure say set free escape isa not hostile ALL BATS ALL MICE ALL BIRDS enemy

Grammatical Constraints • Colorless green ideas sleep furiously.

Grammatical Constraints • I met the woman in the red dress in the afternoon.

Grammatical Constraints • I met the woman in the afternoon in the red dress.

Grammatical Constraints

Syntactic Ambiguity • I saw the man on the hill with a telescope.

Syntactic Ambiguity • • • I saw the man. The man was on the hill. The hill had a telescope. I saw the man. The man was on the hill. The man had a telescope. I saw the man. The man was on the hill. I saw him using a telescope. I saw the man. I was on the hill. The hill had a telescope. I saw the man. I was on the hill. I saw him using a telescope.

Parsing • I saw the Statue of Liberty flying over New York. • I saw the airplanes flying over New York.

Anaphora • The little girl saw the bicycle in the window. She wanted it. • The little girl saw the bicycle in the window. She pressed her nose up against it.

Anaphora • The police arrested the demonstrators because they feared violence. • The police arrested the demonstrators because they advocated violence.

Word Sense Disambiguation • The CEO sold all his stocks.

Word Sense Disambiguation 1. (28) stock -- (the capital raised by a corporation through the issue of shares entitling h 2. (3) stock, inventory -- (the merchandise that a shop has on hand; "they carried a vast 3. (2) stock, gunstock -- (the handle of a handgun or the butt end of a rifle or shotgun or 4. (1) stock certificate, stock -- (a certificate documenting the shareholder's ownership in 5. (1) store, stock, fund -- (a supply of something available for future use; "he brought ba 6. (1) lineage, line of descent, bloodline, blood, pedigree, ances 7. (1) breed, strain, stock -- (a special variety of domesticated animals within a species; 8. (1) broth, stock -- (liquid in which meat and vegetables are simmered; used as a basis 9. stock -- (the reputation and popularity a person has; "his stock was so high he could h 10. stock, caudex -- (persistent thickened stem of a herbaceous perennial plant) 11. stock -- (a plant or stem onto which a graft is made; especially a plant grown specific 12. stock, gillyflower -- (any of several Old World plants cultivated for their brightly colore 13. Malcolm stock, stock -- (any of various ornamental flowering plants of the genus Ma 14. stock -- (lumber used in the construction of something; "they will cut round stock to 1 15. stock -- (the handle end of some implements or tools; "he grabbed the cue by the sto 16. neckcloth, stock -- (an ornamental white cravat) 17. livestock, farm animal -- (any animals kept for use or profit)

The Grand Fiction • I just “look” and “see”. • I just “listen” and “hear”. • I just “read” and “understand”. • Things come to my mind. • I just “want” and “do”.

The Grand Fiction I